3、struts整合hibernate
hibernate最重要的就是.hbm.xml对应文件，实体之间的一对一、一对多和多对多关系都体现在这个配置文件中。
struts整合hibernate，先要整合struts，就是添加struts的JAR包，然后配置web.xml配置文件，配置struts过滤器，然后在添加hibernate的JAR包，添加hibernate主配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml，然后根据类与表的对应关系配置相应的hbm.xml文件。
hibernate提供了一种HQL查询语言——Hibernate Query Language，HQL面向的是对象而不是数据库中的表，这是与SQL（Structured Query Language）之间的差别
使用struts、hibernate开发一个注册信息的小程序：一个注册页面，提交后显示所有用户信息，单击其中一个用户名，显示单用户详细信息，每行后面有update和delete链接，单击update，显示单用户信息页，同时可以修改密码，年龄，单击delete，删除此条记录，如下：
| username | password | age | registerDate | update | delete |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| zdy | qwwqwq | 30 | 13-8-27 | update | delete |
| rte | qwer | 12 | 13-8-28 | update | delete |
| tty | qw | 21 | 13-8-28 | update | delete |
| ertty | w33 | 32 | 13-8-28 | update | delete |
| ertty | 222222 | 3211 | 13-8-28 | update | delete |
是对上一个程序的完善：
程序的开发包结构：
注册页面调用action，action调用service，service调用DAO
1、页面部分
注册页面register.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'register.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="savePerson.action">
username:<input type="text" name="username" size="20"/><br/>
password:<input type="password" name="password" size="20"/><br/>
age:<input type="text" name="age" size="20"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
提交后显示listAll.jsp：
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'listAll.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<table width="80%" align="center" border="1">
<tr>
<th>username</th>
<th>password</th>
<th>age</th>
<th>registerDate</th>
<th>update</th>
<th>delete</th>
</tr>
<s:iterator value="#request.list" id="person">
<tr>
<td>
<s:a href="getsinglePerson.action?id=%{#person.id}"><s:property value="username" /></s:a>
</td>
<td>
<s:property value="password" />
</td>
<td>
<s:property value="age" />
</td>
<td>
<s:property value="registerDate" />
</td>
<td>
<s:a href="updatePPerson.action?id=%{#person.id}">update</s:a>
</td>
<td>
<s:a href="deletePerson.action?id=%{#person.id}">delete</s:a>
</td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</table>
</body>
</html>
点击用户名显示单户详细信息页面getsinglePerson.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'getsinglePerson.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
username:<s:property value="#request.person.username"/><br/>
password:<s:property value="#request.person.password"/><br/>
age:<s:property value="#request.person.age"/><br/>
registerDate:<s:property value="#request.person.registerDate"/><br/>
</body>
</html>
点击update进入单户信息修改页面updatePerson.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>My JSP 'updatePerson.jsp' starting page</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<form action="updatePerson.action">
username:<s:textfield name="username" value="%{#request.person.username}" readonly="true"></s:textfield><br/>
password:<s:password name="password" value="%{#request.person.password}"></s:password><br/>
age:<s:textfield name="age" value="%{#request.person.age}"></s:textfield><br/>
registerDate:<s:textfield name="registerDate" value="%{#request.person.registerDate}" readonly="true"></s:textfield><br/>
<s:hidden name="id" value="%{#request.person.id}"></s:hidden>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
2、struts的action部分，这里只是用了一个action：PersonAction.java
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import com.cdtax.model.Person;
import com.cdtax.service.PersonService;
import com.cdtax.service.impl.PersonServiceImpl;
import com.cdtax.util.HibernateUtil;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
public class PersonAction extends ActionSupport
{
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
private int age;
public int getId()
{
return id;
}
public void setId(int id)
{
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername()
{
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username)
{
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword()
{
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password)
{
this.password = password;
}
public int getAge()
{
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age)
{
this.age = age;
}
public String savePerson() throws Exception
{
Person person = new Person();
person.setUsername(username);
person.setPassword(password);
person.setAge(age);
java.sql.Date registerDate = new java.sql.Date(new java.util.Date().getTime());
person.setRegisterDate(registerDate);
PersonService personService = new PersonServiceImpl();
personService.savePerson(person);
List<Person> list = personService.listAllPersons();
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
request.setAttribute("list", list);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String deletePerson() throws Exception
{
PersonService personService = new PersonServiceImpl();
personService.removePerson(id);
List<Person> list = personService.listAllPersons();
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
request.setAttribute("list", list);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String getsinglePerson() throws Exception
{
PersonService personService = new PersonServiceImpl();
Person person = personService.getsinglePerson(id);
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
request.setAttribute("person", person);
return SUCCESS;
}
public String updatePerson() throws Exception
{
PersonService personService = new PersonServiceImpl();
Person person = personService.getsinglePerson(id);
person.setPassword(password);
person.setAge(age);
personService.updatePerson(person);
List<Person> list = personService.listAllPersons();
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
request.setAttribute("list", list);
return SUCCESS;
}
}
3、struts的配置文件：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts> <package name="hibernate" extends="struts-default"> <action name="savePerson" class="com.cdtax.action.PersonAction" method="savePerson"> <result name="success">/listAll.jsp</result> </action> <action name="deletePerson" class="com.cdtax.action.PersonAction" method="deletePerson"> <result name="success">/listAll.jsp</result> </action> <action name="getsinglePerson" class="com.cdtax.action.PersonAction" method="getsinglePerson"> <result name="success">/getsinglePerson.jsp</result> </action> <action name="updatePPerson" class="com.cdtax.action.PersonAction" method="getsinglePerson"> <result name="success">/updatePerson.jsp</result> </action> <action name="updatePerson" class="com.cdtax.action.PersonAction" method="updatePerson"> <result name="success">/listAll.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
4、service部分，包括接口和实现
import java.util.List;
import com.cdtax.model.Person;
public interface PersonService
{
public void savePerson(Person person);
public List<Person> listAllPersons();
public void removePerson(Integer id);
public Person getsinglePerson(Integer id);
public void updatePerson(Person person);
}
import java.util.List;
import com.cdtax.dao.PersonDAO;
import com.cdtax.dao.impl.PersonDAOImpl;
import com.cdtax.model.Person;
import com.cdtax.service.PersonService;
public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService
{
public void savePerson(Person person)
{
PersonDAO personDAO = new PersonDAOImpl();
personDAO.savePerson(person);
}
public List<Person> listAllPersons()
{
PersonDAO personDAO = new PersonDAOImpl();
return personDAO.listAllPersons();
}
public void removePerson(Integer id)
{
PersonDAO personDAO = new PersonDAOImpl();
personDAO.removePerson(id);
}
public Person getsinglePerson(Integer id)
{
PersonDAO personDAO = new PersonDAOImpl();
return personDAO.getsinglePerson(id);
}
public void updatePerson(Person person)
{
PersonDAO personDAO = new PersonDAOImpl();
personDAO.updatePerson(person);
}
}
5、DAO部分，包括接口和实现
import java.util.List;
import com.cdtax.model.Person;
public interface PersonDAO
{
public void savePerson(Person person);
public List<Person> listAllPersons();
public void removePerson(Integer id);
public Person getsinglePerson(Integer id);
public void updatePerson(Person person);
}
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.cdtax.dao.PersonDAO;
import com.cdtax.model.Person;
import com.cdtax.util.HibernateUtil;
public class PersonDAOImpl implements PersonDAO
{
public void savePerson(Person person)
{
Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
try
{
session.save(person);
tx.commit();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
if(null != tx)
{
tx.rollback();
}
ex.printStackTrace();
}
finally
{
HibernateUtil.close(session);
}
}
public List<Person> listAllPersons()
{
Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
List<Person> list = null;
try
{
Query query = session.createQuery("from Person"); //Person是类的名字而不是表的名字，需要严格区分大小写
list = (List<Person>)query.list();
tx.commit();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
if(null != tx)
{
tx.rollback();
}
}
finally
{
HibernateUtil.close(session);
}
return list;
}
public void removePerson(Integer id)
{
Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
try
{
Person person = (Person)session.get(Person.class,id);
session.delete(person);
tx.commit();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
if(null != tx)
{
tx.rollback();
}
}
finally
{
HibernateUtil.close(session);
}
}
public Person getsinglePerson(Integer id)
{
Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
Person person = null;
try
{
person = (Person)session.get(Person.class,id);
tx.commit();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
if(null != tx)
{
tx.rollback();
}
}
finally
{
HibernateUtil.close(session);
}
return person;
}
public void updatePerson(Person person)
{
Session session = HibernateUtil.openSession();
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();
try
{
session.update(person);
tx.commit();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
if(null != tx)
{
tx.rollback();
}
}
finally
{
HibernateUtil.close(session);
}
}
}
6、辅助部分：
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
public class HibernateUtil
{
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
static
{
try
{
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
}
catch(Exception ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static Session openSession()
{
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
return session;
}
public static void close(Session session)
{
if(null !=session)
{
session.close();
}
}
}
7、关于session的get与load方法都可以获取相应的持久化对象，如果该对象存在，那么这两个方法的行为是一样的；如果该对象不存在，那么get方法返回null而load方法则抛出异常。
关于页面中使用了OGNL表达式，主要应注意#以及%{#}的用法，什么时候用#，什么时候用%{}
hibernate持久化主要体现在session的save（），get（），delete（），update（），createQuery（）上。
Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();主要作用就是执行conn.setAutoCommit（false）;对于使用jdbc直接进行数据库操作，默认一个语句执行是自动提交的，如果我们有一组sql语句要作为一个整体执行，就需要取消自动提交，如有：
sql1
sql2
sql3
前面加上Transaction tx = session.beginTransaction();，就相当于：
conn.setAutoCommit（false）；
sql1；
sql2；
sql3；
conn.commit（）；