JSON:JavaScript对象表示法
JSON是存储和交换文本信息的语法。
特点:
JSON语法:
方括号保存数组
JSON值可以是:
JSON对象在花括号中书写,对象可以包含多个键值对:
eg:
{"name":"zhang","sex":"男"}
JSON数组在方括号中书写,数组包含多个对象:
eg:
{
"students":[ {"name":"zhang","sex":"男"}, {"name":"hong","sex":"女"}, {"name":"fang","sex":"女"}, ] }
Gson的简介和特点:
Gson是Google提供的用来在Java对象和JSON数据之间进行映射的Java类库。可以将一个JSON字符串转成一个Java对象,或者反过来。
Gson的特点:
Fast-json简介和特点:
Fastjson是一个性能很好的Java语言实现的JSON解析器和生成器,来自阿里巴巴的工程师开发。具有极快的性能,超越任何其他的Java json parser。
Fast-json特点:
1.使用Java自带的方法解析和生成json数据的方法:
要解析的文件内容:
{
"languages": [ { "id": 1, "ide": "Eclipse", "name": "Java" }, { "id": 2, "ide": "XCode", "name": "Swift" }, { "id": 3, "ide": "Visual Studio", "name": "C#" } ],
"cat": "it" }
package com.example.myjsontest;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
System.out.println("123456789");
// //解析JSON数据
// dealJSON();
//生成JSON数据
createJSON();
}
/** * 生成JSON数据 */
private void createJSON() {
JSONObject root = new JSONObject();
try {
root.put("cat", "it");
// {
// "id": 1,
// "ide": "Eclipse",
// "name": "Java"
// }
JSONObject lan1 = new JSONObject();
lan1.put("id", 1);
lan1.put("ide", "Eclipse");
lan1.put("name", "Java");
// {
// "id": 2,
// "ide": "XCode",
// "name": "Swift"
// }
JSONObject lan2 = new JSONObject();
lan2.put("id", 2);
lan2.put("ide", "XCode");
lan2.put("name", "Swift");
// {
// "id": 3,
// "ide": "Visual Studio",
// "name": "C#"
// }
JSONObject lan3 = new JSONObject();
lan3.put("id", 3);
lan3.put("ide", "Visual Studio");
lan3.put("name", "C#");
JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
array.put(lan1);
array.put(lan2);
array.put(lan3);
root.put("languages", array);
System.out.println(root.toString());
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/** * 解析JSON数据 */
private void dealJSON() {
System.out.println("---------");
try {
InputStreamReader inputStreamReader = new InputStreamReader(
getAssets().open("test.json"), "UTF-8");
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(
inputStreamReader);
// 将文本中的所有数据都读取到一个StringBuiler中
String line;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
builder.append(line);
}
bufferedReader.close();
inputStreamReader.close();
JSONObject root = new JSONObject(builder.toString());
System.out.println("cat=" + root.getString("cat"));
JSONArray jsonArray = root.getJSONArray("languages");
for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
JSONObject jsonObject = jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("id=" + jsonObject.getInt("id"));
System.out.println("ide=" + jsonObject.getString("ide"));
System.out.println("name=" + jsonObject.getString("name"));
}
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
解析结果:
生成的json数据tostring()后的结果:
Gson基本用法:
使用Gson解析JsonObject、JsonArray、将实体类转为JSON数据的例子:
GsonTest类:
package com.test.Gson;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import com.android.volley.AuthFailureError;
import com.android.volley.Request.Method;
import com.android.volley.Response;
import com.android.volley.VolleyError;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.StringRequest;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley;
import com.example.myjsontest.R;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
public class GsonTest extends Activity{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
RequestPost();
}
private void RequestPost() {
String url = "http://apis.juhe.cn/ip/ip2addr?";
final String key = "6f4328d5a40d23cf9974a64976717ede";
final String ip = "www.baidu.com";
StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Method.POST, url, new Response.Listener<String>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(String arg0) {
System.out.println(arg0);
dealData(arg0);
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError arg0) {
System.out.println(arg0.toString());
}
}){
@Override
protected Map<String, String> getParams() throws AuthFailureError {
Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();
map.put("ip", ip);
map.put("key", key);
return map;
}
};
Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext()).add(stringRequest);
}
//使用Gson解析JSON数据
private void dealData(String result) {
Gson gson = new Gson();
//fromJson()方法中分别是:要解析的数据,要解析成的类型
Info info = gson.fromJson(result, Info.class);
Log.i("tag", "location:"+info.getResult().getLocation());
}
}
Info类:
package com.test.Gson;
public class Info {
private String resultcode;
private String reason;
private String error_code;
private Tag result;
public Tag getResult() {
return result;
}
public void setResult(Tag result) {
this.result = result;
}
public String getResultcode() {
return resultcode;
}
public void setResultcode(String resultcode) {
this.resultcode = resultcode;
}
public String getReason() {
return reason;
}
public void setReason(String reason) {
this.reason = reason;
}
public String getError_code() {
return error_code;
}
public void setError_code(String error_code) {
this.error_code = error_code;
}
}
Tag类:
package com.test.Gson;
public class Tag {
private String area;
private String location;
public String getArea() {
return area;
}
public void setArea(String area) {
this.area = area;
}
public String getLocation() {
return location;
}
public void setLocation(String location) {
this.location = location;
}
}
获取到的JSON数据:
{
"resultcode": "200",
"reason": "Return Successd!",
"result": { "area": "北京市", "location": "百度公司电信节点" },
"error_code": 0 }
Fast-json的基本用法:
根据需要可以将JSON生成单个实体或列表实体集合
使用Fast-json解析JsonObject、JsonArray、将实体类转为JSON数据的例子:
FastJsonTest类:
package com.test.fastjson;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.android.volley.Request.Method;
import com.android.volley.Response;
import com.android.volley.VolleyError;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.StringRequest;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley;
import com.example.myjsontest.R;
public class FastJsonTest extends Activity{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
RequestPost();
}
private void RequestPost() {
String url = "https://api.douban.com/v2/book/1220562";
StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Method.POST, url, new Response.Listener<String>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(String arg0) {
System.out.println(arg0);
dealData(arg0);
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError arg0) {
System.out.println(arg0.toString());
}
});
Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext()).add(stringRequest);
}
//使用Fast-json库解析JSON数据
private void dealData(String result) {
//parseObject()方法中参数说明:result 需要解析的JSON字符串、Book.class 要解析成的类型
Book book = JSON.parseObject(result, Book.class);
Log.i("tag", "书名:"+book.getTitle()+"内容摘要:"+book.getSummary()+"tags的size:"+book.getTags().size());
}
}
Book类:
package com.test.fastjson;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Book {
private String title;
private String publisher;
private String summary;
private String price;
private ArrayList<Tag> tags;
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getPublisher() {
return publisher;
}
public void setPublisher(String publisher) {
this.publisher = publisher;
}
public String getSummary() {
return summary;
}
public void setSummary(String summary) {
this.summary = summary;
}
public String getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(String price) {
this.price = price;
}
public ArrayList<Tag> getTags() {
return tags;
}
public void setTags(ArrayList<Tag> tags) {
this.tags = tags;
}
}
Tag类:
package com.test.fastjson;
public class Tag {
private String title;
private String name;
private String count;
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getCount() {
return count;
}
public void setCount(String count) {
this.count = count;
}
}
获取到的JSON数据:
{
"rating": { "max": 10, "numRaters": 343, "average": "7.0", "min": 0 },
"subtitle": "",
"author": [ "[日] 片山恭一" ],
"pubdate": "2005-1",
"tags": [ { "count": 133, "name": "片山恭一", "title": "片山恭一" }, { "count": 62, "name": "日本", "title": "日本" }, { "count": 60, "name": "日本文学", "title": "日本文学" }, { "count": 38, "name": "小说", "title": "小说" }, { "count": 32, "name": "满月之夜白鲸现", "title": "满月之夜白鲸现" }, { "count": 15, "name": "爱情", "title": "爱情" }, { "count": 8, "name": "純愛", "title": "純愛" }, { "count": 8, "name": "外国文学", "title": "外国文学" } ],
"origin_title": "",
"image": "http://img3.douban.com/mpic/s1747553.jpg",
"binding": "平装",
"translator": [ "豫人" ],
"catalog": "\n ",
"pages": "180",
"images": { "small": "http://img3.douban.com/spic/s1747553.jpg", "large": "http://img3.douban.com/lpic/s1747553.jpg", "medium": "http://img3.douban.com/mpic/s1747553.jpg" },
"alt": "http://book.douban.com/subject/1220562/",
"id": "1220562",
"publisher": "青岛出版社",
"isbn10": "7543632608",
"isbn13": "9787543632608",
"title": "满月之夜白鲸现",
"url": "http://api.douban.com/v2/book/1220562",
"alt_title": "",
"author_intro": "",
"summary": "那一年,是听莫扎特、钓鲈鱼和家庭破裂的一年。说到家庭破裂,母亲怪自己当初没有找到好男人,父亲则认为当时是被狐狸精迷住了眼,失常的是母亲,但出问题的是父亲……。",
"price": "15.00元" }
如果想要将Book实体类或者Book实体类集合转换成JSON数据:
只需要在dealData()方法中添加如下代码:
//使用Fast-json库解析JSON数据
private void dealData(String result) {
//parseObject()方法中参数说明:result 需要解析的JSON字符串、Book.class 要解析成的类型
Book book = JSON.parseObject(result, Book.class);
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setTitle("book1");
//将实体类对象转换成JSON数据
JSON.toJSON(book1);
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setTitle("book2");
Book book3 = new Book();
book3.setTitle("book3");
List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
list.add(book1);
list.add(book2);
list.add(book3);
//将实体类集合转换为JSON数据
JSON.toJSON(list);
Log.i("tag", "书名:"+book.getTitle()+"内容摘要:"+book.getSummary()+"tags的size:"+book.getTags().size());
}
使用Gson或Fast-json库解析复杂的JSON数据:
FastAndGsonTest类:
package com.test.FastAndGson;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.ListView;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.android.volley.AuthFailureError;
import com.android.volley.Request.Method;
import com.android.volley.Response;
import com.android.volley.VolleyError;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.StringRequest;
import com.android.volley.toolbox.Volley;
import com.example.myjsontest.R;
public class FastAndGsonTest extends Activity {
private ListView listView;
private BookListAdapter adapter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_second);
initView();
RequestPost();
}
private void initView() {
listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.id_listView);
}
private void RequestPost() {
String url = "http://japi.juhe.cn/book/recommend.from?";
final String key = "bf5cae62e7854e8969e51660c0adc910";
final String cat = "1";
final String ranks = "1";
StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Method.POST, url,
new Response.Listener<String>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(String arg0) {
System.out.println(arg0);
dealData(arg0);
}
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
@Override
public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError arg0) {
System.out.println(arg0.toString());
}
}) {
@Override
protected Map<String, String> getParams() throws AuthFailureError {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("key", key);
map.put("cat", cat);
map.put("ranks", ranks);
return map;
}
};
Volley.newRequestQueue(getApplicationContext()).add(stringRequest);
}
private void dealData(String arg0) {
try {
//使用Fast-json库解析JSON数据
JSONObject resultObject = new JSONObject(arg0);
JSONObject dataObject = new JSONObject(resultObject.getString("result"));
ArrayList<Book> books = (ArrayList<Book>)JSON.parseArray(dataObject.getString("data"),Book.class);
//使用Gson库解析JSON数据
// Gson gson = new Gson();
// JSONObject resultObject = new JSONObject(arg0);
// JSONObject dataObject = new JSONObject(resultObject.getString("result"));
// Type listType = new TypeToken<ArrayList<Book>>() {
// }.getType();
// ArrayList<Book> books = gson.fromJson(dataObject.getString("data"),
// listType);
adapter = new BookListAdapter(FastAndGsonTest.this, books);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
} catch (JSONException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
BookListAdapter类:
package com.test.FastAndGson;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
import android.widget.TextView;
import com.example.myjsontest.R;
public class BookListAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
private Context context;
private ArrayList<Book> list;
public BookListAdapter(Context context,ArrayList<Book> books){
this.context = context;
this.list = books;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return list.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return list.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder = null;
if(holder==null){
convertView = View.inflate(context, R.layout.item_list, null);
holder = new ViewHolder();
holder.textView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.id_textView);
convertView.setTag(holder);
}else{
holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
Book book = list.get(position);
holder.textView.setText(book.getTitle()+"\n"+book.getCode());
return convertView;
}
class ViewHolder{
TextView textView;
}
}
Book类:
package com.test.FastAndGson;
public class Book {
private String title;
private String code;
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getCode() {
return code;
}
public void setCode(String code) {
this.code = code;
}
}
获取的JSON数据:
{
"error_code": 0,
"reason": "Success",
"result": { "data": [ { "title": "美国70年:大而不倒的阴谋政治", "code": 39705 }, { "title": "关情", "code": 39706 }, { "title": "维基大战前传1:阿桑奇和他的黑客战友", "code": 39707 }, { "title": "大逆转:大败局之后的复活密码", "code": 39708 }, { "title": "我是夜场女企划(全本)", "code": 39709 }, { "title": "杜月笙传(上、中、下)", "code": 39710 }, { "title": "你走以后", "code": 39711 }, { "title": "创造贝因美——服务经济时代的公司革命", "code": 39712 }, { "title": "9999滴眼泪", "code": 39716 }, { "title": "新闻人", "code": 39717 }, { "title": "草莽生长:十大首富的创富之道", "code": 39718 }, { "title": "1块变10块的投资分配法", "code": 39719 }, { "title": "阿嬷,我回来了", "code": 39720 }, { "title": "换个方式好好爱", "code": 39721 }, { "title": "权力野兽朱元璋3(大结局)", "code": 39722 }, { "title": "流动中国", "code": 39723 }, { "title": "问你爸去", "code": 39724 }, { "title": "667公里的吻", "code": 39725 }, { "title": "给你一个公司,看你怎么管", "code": 39726 }, { "title": "职场中50个第一次", "code": 39727 }, { "title": "从零开始学K线", "code": 39728 }, { "title": "非常印度", "code": 39729 }, { "title": "远征流在缅北的血", "code": 39731 }, { "title": "这样喝咖啡最健康", "code": 39732 }, { "title": "扑克脸:Lady Gaga传", "code": 39733 }, { "title": "换个姿势爱", "code": 39734 }, { "title": "30年后,你拿什么养活自己2", "code": 39735 }, { "title": "暗权力——黑道启示录", "code": 39736 }, { "title": "重金求子", "code": 39738 }, { "title": "成为作家", "code": 39739 }, { "title": "寻路中国:从乡村到工厂的自驾之旅", "code": 39740 }, { "title": "一个人的旅行", "code": 39741 }, { "title": "女人29岁", "code": 39742 }, { "title": "有爱无爱一身轻", "code": 39743 }, { "title": "嫁人的资本", "code": 39744 }, { "title": "小女人隐私报告2", "code": 39745 }, { "title": "小女人隐私报告1", "code": 39746 }, { "title": "冷血感情信箱", "code": 39747 }, { "title": "为什么男人爱说谎女人爱哭", "code": 39748 }, { "title": "像女人一样行动,像男人一样思考", "code": 39749 }, { "title": "男人来自火星·白金升级版", "code": 39750 }, { "title": "放下", "code": 39751 }, { "title": "爱的锁钥", "code": 39752 }, { "title": "爱情纪", "code": 39753 }, { "title": "婚恋中女人不能犯的100个错误", "code": 39754 }, { "title": "婚恋中男人不能犯的100个错误", "code": 39755 }, { "title": "再婚书", "code": 39756 }, { "title": "幸福太太完全自助宝典", "code": 39757 }, { "title": "婚恋急诊室", "code": 39758 }, { "title": "男人是野生动物 女人是筑巢动物", "code": 39759 } ] } }
运行结果截图: