java注解是附加在代码中的一些元信息,用于一些工具在编译、运行时进行解析和使用,起到说明、配置的功能。
注解不会也不能影响代码的实际逻辑,仅仅起到辅助性的作用。包含在 java.lang.annotation 包中。
1、元注解
元注解是指注解的注解。包括 @Retention @Target @Document @Inherited四种。
1.1、@Retention: 定义注解的保留策略
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) // 默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) // 注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到
1.2、@Target:定义注解的作用目标
其定义的源码为:
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@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)
public @interface Target {
ElementType[] value();
}
@Documented @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE) public @interface Target { ElementType[] value(); }
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类、枚举、注解
@Target(ElementType.FIELD) //字段、枚举的常量
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
@Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
@Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE)//局部变量
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE)//注解
@Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) ///包
由以上的源码可以知道,他的elementType 可以有多个,一个注解可以为类的,方法的,字段的等等
1.3、@Document:说明该注解将被包含在javadoc中
1.4、@Inherited:说明子类可以继承父类中的该注解
2、java 注解的自定义
下面是自定义注解的一个例子
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@Documented
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Yts {
public enum YtsType{util,entity,service,model}
public YtsType classType() default YtsType.util;
}
@Documented @Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface Yts { public enum YtsType{util,entity,service,model} public YtsType classType() default YtsType.util; }
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@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Inherited
public @interface HelloWorld {
public String name()default "";
}
@Documented @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Target(ElementType.METHOD) @Inherited public @interface HelloWorld { public String name()default ""; }
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
定义的这个注解是注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到。
@Target({ElementType.TYPE,ElementType.METHOD})
因此这个注解可以是类注解,也可以是方法的注解
这样一个注解就自定义好了,当然注解里面的成员可以为基本的数据类型,也可以为数据,Object等等
3 注解是定义好了,那么怎么来得到,解析注解呢?
java的反射机制可以帮助,得到注解,代码如下:
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public class ParseAnnotation {
public void parseMethod(Class clazz) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException{
Object obj = clazz.getConstructor(new Class[]{}).newInstance(new Object[]{});
for(Method method : clazz.getDeclaredMethods()){
HelloWorld say = method.getAnnotation(HelloWorld.class);
String name = "";
if(say != null){
name = say.name();
method.invoke(obj, name);
}
Yts yts = (Yts)method.getAnnotation(Yts.class);
if(yts != null){
if(YtsType.util.equals(yts.classType())){
System.out.println("this is a util method");
}else{
System.out.println("this is a other method");
}
}
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public void parseType(Class clazz) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException{
Yts yts = (Yts) clazz.getAnnotation(Yts.class);
if(yts != null){
if(YtsType.util.equals(yts.classType())){
System.out.println("this is a util class");
}else{
System.out.println("this is a other class");
}
}
}
}
public class ParseAnnotation { public void parseMethod(Class clazz) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException{ Object obj = clazz.getConstructor(new Class[]{}).newInstance(new Object[]{}); for(Method method : clazz.getDeclaredMethods()){ HelloWorld say = method.getAnnotation(HelloWorld.class); String name = ""; if(say != null){ name = say.name(); method.invoke(obj, name); } Yts yts = (Yts)method.getAnnotation(Yts.class); if(yts != null){ if(YtsType.util.equals(yts.classType())){ System.out.println("this is a util method"); }else{ System.out.println("this is a other method"); } } } } @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void parseType(Class clazz) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException{ Yts yts = (Yts) clazz.getAnnotation(Yts.class); if(yts != null){ if(YtsType.util.equals(yts.classType())){ System.out.println("this is a util class"); }else{ System.out.println("this is a other class"); } } } }
前一个方法是解析得到方法注解的,后一个方法是得到类注解的
以下是测试方法类
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@Yts(classType =YtsType.util)
public class SayHell {
@HelloWorld(name = " 小明 ")
@Yts
public void sayHello(String name){
if(name == null || name.equals("")){
System.out.println("hello world!");
}else{
System.out.println(name + "say hello world!");
}
}
}
@Yts(classType =YtsType.util) public class SayHell { @HelloWorld(name = " 小明 ") @Yts public void sayHello(String name){ if(name == null || name.equals("")){ System.out.println("hello world!"); }else{ System.out.println(name + "say hello world!"); } } }
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public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, SecurityException, NoSuchMethodException, InstantiationException {
ParseAnnotation parse = new ParseAnnotation();
parse.parseMethod(SayHell.class);
parse.parseType(SayHell.class);
}