//导包
//配置WEB.XML
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter
.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> */
</filter-mapping>
//加入struts.xml到src下
<struts>
//配置扩展名
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do"></constant>
//package:struts2使用package来组织模块
//name属性:必须，用于其他的包引用当前包，一定要与项目名一致
//extends：继承，可以继承所有的配置，通常继承struts-default
//namespace:可选，若定义了，必须把namespace加进url
//http://localhost:8080/contextPath/namespace/actionName.action
<package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default">
<action name="product-input">
<result>/WEB-INF/pages/input.jsp</result>
</action>
//class是实体类,默认值是：com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport，
//method为调用的方法,默认值execute() ，返回值为SUCCESS
//result返回结果
<action name="product-save" class="com.gmy.entiy.Product" method="save">
//type是类型 dispatcher转发 redirect重定向 redirectAction重定向到一个
//Action chain转发到一个Action 默认值是dispatcher
<result name="details" type="dispatcher">/WEB-INF/pages/details.jsp</result>
//重定向到Action
<result name="index" type="redirectAction">
<param name="actionName">testAction</param>
<param name="namespace">/gmy</param>
</result>
//redirect重定向可以 但是chain转发不可以 通过这种方式
<result name="index" type="redirect">/gmy/testAction.do</result>
</action>
</package>
<package name="helloWorld" extends="struts-default" namespace="/gmy">
<action name="testAction">
<result>/WEB-INF/pages/input.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
//表单页面
//input中的name属性一定要和实体类中的变量对应
<form action="product-save.action" method="post">
ProductId:<input type="text" name="productName">
<br><br>
ProductDesc:<input type="text" name="productDesc">
<br><br>
ProductPrice:<input type="text" name="productPrice">
<br><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
//实体类‘
public class Product {
private Integer productId;//变量一定要和name属性对应
private String productName;
private String productDesc;
private double productPrice;
//geter、seter方法
//必须要一个空参数构造器，供反射用
}
//Servlet API解耦方式
//ActionContext
//上下文对象
ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
//application
Map<String, Object> application = context.getApplication();
application.put("applicationString", "applicationString");
//session
Map<String, Object> session = context.getSession();
session.put("sessionString", "sessionString");
//request
Map<String, Object> request = (Map<String, Object>) context.get("request");
request.put("requestString", "requestString");
//parameters取不到值
//parameters只能读不能写
Map<String, Object> parameters = context.getParameters();
parameters.put("parametersString", "parametersString");
System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("name"))[0]);
System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("sex"))[0]);
//实现XXXAware接口
private Map<String, Object> application;
private Map<String, Object> session;
private Map<String, String[]> parameters;
private Map<String, Object> request;
public String tests(){
application.put("applicationString", "application1");
session.put("sessionString", "session");
//不能设值
parameters.put("parametersString", new String[]{"gmy1","gmy2"});
request.put("requestString", "request");
System.out.println(((String[])parameters.get("name"))[0]);
return "success";
}
@Override
public void setApplication(Map<String, Object> application) {
this.application = application;
}
@Override
public void setParameters(Map<String, String[]> parameters) {
this.parameters = parameters;
}
@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
this.request = request;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Map<String, Object> session) {
this.session = session;
}
//Servlet API耦合方式
//使用ServletAcionContext
HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
ServletContext servletContext = ServletActionContext.getServletContext();
//实现ServletXXXAware接口
private HttpServletResponse response;
private ServletContext context;
private HttpServletRequest request;
public String tests(){
return "success";
}
@Override
public void setServletResponse(HttpServletResponse response) {
this.response = response;
}
@Override
public void setServletContext(ServletContext context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
this.request = request;
}
//值栈
//${}取得是值栈中的内容，并不是request中的
//两个逻辑部分
//Map栈：实际上是OgnlContext类型，是个Map，也是ActionContext的引用，
//里面保存各种Map：requestMap,sessionMap,applicationMap,parametersMap,attr
//读取：可以使${requestScope.对象.属性}，也可以通过<s:property
//value="#request.对象.属性">
//对象栈：实际上是CompoundRoot类型，是一个使用ArrayList定义的栈，
//里边保存各种和当前Action示例相关的对象，是一个数据结构意义的栈
//读取：可以用${name}，也可以用<s:property value="[0].name">从栈里面第几个开始读
//调用public类的静态字段默认是true例如<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@PI">，
//调用public静态方法默认是false，必须配置<s:property value="@java.lang.Math@cos(0)">
//使用对象栈方法为属性赋值<s:property value="调用seter方法">
//异常
<global-results>
<result name="input"></result>
</global-results>
<global-exception-mappings>
<exception-mapping result="input" exception="java.lang.ArithmeticException">
</exception-mapping>
</global-exception-mappings>
//对于Map栈，打印request,session,application,parameters的某个属性值或某个请求参数
<s:property value="#session.date">
<s:property value="#parameters.date[0]">
//创建一个URL字符串
<s:url value"/getProduct" var="url">
<s:param name="productId" value="2002"></s:param>
</s:url>
//取值栈中的属性,对于value值自动ognl解析，若不进行，用单引号
<s:url value"/getProduct" var="url">
<s:param name="productId" value="productId"></s:param>
</s:url>
//set标签：在request,session,application，page域加入属性值
<s:set name="productName" value="productName" scope="request"></s:set>
productName:${requestScope.productName}
//push标签:把对象在标签开始后压入到值栈中，在标签结束时，弹出值栈
<s:push value="#request.person">
${name}//这里取值有效
</s:push>
${name}//这里取值无效
//if，else标签，可以直接是使用值栈中的属性
<s:if test="productPrice > 1000">
I7处理器
</s:if>
<s:elseif test="productPrice >800">
I5处理器
</s:elseif>
<s:else>
I3处理器
</s:else>
//iterator标签:遍历集合，把集合的每个元素放到栈顶
<s:iterator value="#request.person">
${name}-${age}//取得到
</s:iterator>
${name}-${age}//取不到
//sort标签：可以对集合元素进行排序
<s:srot comparator="#request.comparator" source="persons" var="persons2"></s:sort>
//date标签：可以对Date对象进行排版
<s:date name="#session.date" format="yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss" var="date2"/>
date:${date2}
//a:标签:用%{}都属性进行强制ognl解析
<s:a href="getPerson.action?name=%{name}">${}</s:a>
//表单标签：可以自动回显
<s:form action="save">
<s:hidden name=""></s:hidden>
<s:textfield name="userName" label="UserName"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="password" label="Password"></s:password>
<s:textarea name="desc" label="Desc"></s:textarea>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
//checkbox标签：
<s:checkbox name="married" label="Married"></s:checkbox>
//radio标签：使用#{}创建Map
<s:radio name="gender" list="#{'1':'Male','0':'Female'}" label="Gender"></s:radio>
//checkboxlist标签：
<s:checkboxlist list="#request.cities" listKey="cityId" listValue="cityName"
label="City" name="city"></s:checkboxlist>
//select标签:使用{}创建LIST
<s:select list="{11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}" headerKey="" headerValue="请选择"
label="Age" name="age">
<s:optgroup label="21-30" list="#{21:21}"></s:optgroup>
<s:optgroup label="31-40" list="#{31:31}"></s:optgroup>
</s:select>
//theme属性
//可以在标签中增加theme属性
//在request.setAttribute("theme","simple");
//可以改成全局的在struts.xml 默认是xhtml <constant name="struts.ui.theme"
value="simple"></constant>
//例
//加入Jar包
//配置web.xml
<filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter
.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>*/
</filter-mapping>
//配置struts.xml
<struts>
//配置扩展名
<constant name="struts.action.extension" value="do,"></constant>
<package name="s2-5" extends="struts-default">
//自定义拦截器栈
<interceptors>
<interceptor-stack name="gmy">
<interceptor-ref name="paramsPrepareParamsStack">
<param name="prepare.alwaysInvokePrepare">false</param>
</interceptor-ref>
</interceptor-stack>
</interceptors>
<default-interceptor-ref name="gmy"/>
<action name="emp-*" class="com.gmy.app.EmployeeAction" method="{1}">
<result name="{1}">emp-{1}.jsp</result>
<result type="redirectAction">emp-list</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
//EmployeeAction
public class EmployeeAction implements RequestAware,ModelDriven<Employee>,
Preparable{
private Dao dao = new Dao();
private Employee emp;
public String update(){
dao.update(emp);
return "success";
}
public void prepareUpdate(){
emp = new Employee();
}
public String edit(){
return "edit";
}
public void prepareEdit(){
emp = dao.get(empId);
}
public String save(){
dao.save(emp);
return "success";
}
public void prepareSave(){
emp = new Employee();
}
public String delete(){
dao.delete(empId);
return "success";
}
public String list(){
arg0.put("emps", dao.getEmployees());
return "list";
}
private Integer empId;
public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
this.empId = empId;
}
private Map<String, Object> arg0;
@Override
public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> arg0) {
this.arg0 = arg0;
}
@Override
public Employee getModel() {
if(empId == null)
emp = new Employee();
else
emp = dao.get(empId);
return emp;
}
@Override
public void prepare() throws Exception {
System.out.println("prepare...");
}
}
//Dao
public class Dao {
private static Map<Integer, Employee> emps =
new LinkedHashMap<Integer, Employee>();
static{
emps.put(1001, new Employee(1001, "AA", "AA", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1002, new Employee(1002, "BB", "BB", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1003, new Employee(1003, "CC", "CC", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1004, new Employee(1004, "DD", "DD", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1005, new Employee(1005, "DD", "DD", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1006, new Employee(1006, "EE", "EE", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1007, new Employee(1007, "FF", "FF", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1008, new Employee(1008, "GG", "GG", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(1009, new Employee(1009, "HH", "HH", "[email protected]"));
emps.put(10010, new Employee(10010, "II", "II", "[email protected]"));
}
public List<Employee> getEmployees(){
return new ArrayList<Employee>(emps.values());
}
public void delete(Integer empId){
emps.remove(empId);
}
public void save(Employee emp){
emp.setEmpId((int)System.currentTimeMillis());
emps.put(emp.getEmpId(), emp);
}
public Employee get(Integer empId){
return emps.get(empId);
}
public void update(Employee emp){
emps.put(emp.getEmpId(), emp);
}
}
//Employee
public class Employee {
private Integer empId;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String email;
public Integer getEmpId() {
return empId;
}
public void setEmpId(Integer empId) {
this.empId = empId;
}
public String getFirstName() {
return firstName;
}
public void setFirstName(String firstName) {
this.firstName = firstName;
}
public String getLastName() {
return lastName;
}
public void setLastName(String lastName) {
this.lastName = lastName;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this.email = email;
}
public Employee(Integer empId, String firstName, String lastName,
String email) {
super();
this.empId = empId;
this.firstName = firstName;
this.lastName = lastName;
this.email = email;
}
public Employee() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
}
//index.jsp
<body>
<a href="emp-list.do">Emp List</a>
</body>
//emp-list.jsp
<body>
<!--
private Integer empId;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private String email;
-->
<s:debug></s:debug>
<s:form action="emp-save.do">
<s:textfield name="firstName" label="FirstName"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
<br><br>
<table cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1">
<thead>
<tr>
<td>ID</td>
<td>FirstName</td>
<td>LastName</td>
<td>Email</td>
<td>Edit</td>
<td>Delete</td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<s:iterator value="#request.emps">
<tr>
<td>${empId}</td>
<td>${firstName}</td>
<td>${lastName}</td>
<td>${email}</td>
<td><a href="emp-edit.do?empId=${ empId}">Edit</a></td>
<td><a href="emp-delete.do?empId=${ empId}">Delete</a></td>
</tr>
</s:iterator>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
//emp-edit.jsp
<body>
<s:form action="emp-update.do">
<s:hidden name="empId" ></s:hidden>
<s:textfield name="firstName" label="FirstName"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="lastName" label="LastName"></s:textfield>
<s:textfield name="email" label="Email"></s:textfield>
<s:submit></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
//错误消息显示
//1、继承ActionSupport
//2、配置<result name="input">标签
//3、在Action所在包内创建properties文件，例如UserAction.java，UserAction
//.properties，UserAction.properties增加内容invalid.fieldvalue.age=...
//可以通过debug标签看值栈中的属性 ，${fieldErrors.age[0]}
//也可以通过标签<s:fielderror filedName="age"></s:fielderror>
//提出ul li span，在src下，新建template.simple包，在新建fielderror.ftl文件
<#if fieldErrors??><#t/>
<#assign eKeys = fieldErrors.keySet()><#t/>
<#assign eKeysSize = eKeys.size()><#t/>
<#assign doneStartUlTag=false><#t/>
<#assign doneEndUlTag=false><#t/>
<#assign haveMatchedErrorField=false><#t/>
<#if (fieldErrorFieldNames?size > 0) ><#t/>
<#list fieldErrorFieldNames as fieldErrorFieldName><#t/>
<#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
<#if (eKey = fieldErrorFieldName)><#t/>
<#assign haveMatchedErrorField=true><#t/>
<#assign eValue = fieldErrors[fieldErrorFieldName]><#t/>
<#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneStartUlTag))><#t/>
<#assign doneStartUlTag=true><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
<#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
<#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}<#else>${eEachValue!}</#if>
</#list><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
</#list><#t/>
</#list><#t/>
<#if (haveMatchedErrorField && (!doneEndUlTag))><#t/>
<#assign doneEndUlTag=true><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
<#else><#t/>
<#if (eKeysSize > 0)><#t/>
<#list eKeys as eKey><#t/>
<#assign eValue = fieldErrors[eKey]><#t/>
<#list eValue as eEachValue><#t/>
<#if parameters.escape>${eEachValue!?html}
<#else>${eEachValue!}</#if>
</#list><#t/>
</#list><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
</#if><#t/>
//自定义转换器
//国际化
//在struts.xml文件中加入<constant name="struts.custom.i18n.resources"
// value="i18n"></constant>
//在src下新建i18n_en_US.properties和i18n_zh_CN.properties文件
//在标签中不使用label标签，而使用key标签，label中要使用的必须label="%{getText('submit')}"
//通过超链接来切换语言
<a href="testI18n.action?request_locale=en_US">English</a>
<a href="testI18n.action?request_locale=zh_CN">中文</a>
//验证文件
//1、将struts-2.3.20\apps\struts2-blank\WEB-INF\classes\example下
//的Login-validation.xml复制到Action所在包下
//把Login的名字改为当前Action的名字
<field name="age">
<field-validator type="int">
<param name="min">20</param>
<param name="max">50</param>
<message key="">..${min}.${max}...</message>//也是使用国际化
</field-validator>
</field>
