EventBus源码分析
最近在学习Rxjava，它的思想让我回想起了之前项目中用到的EventBus，事件订阅。但EventBus的具体原理己经记不清，就跑回去看了下它的源码。今天总结下。它的使用方法很简单，不知道如何使用的可以看看我之前写过的一篇博客[不可不知的EventBus]。(http://blog.csdn.net/u014486880/article/details/48449907)
使用差别
在这里还是要说一下，这里分析的是EventBus3.0的源码，3.0的用法跟2.2的用法有点区别，但区别也不大，只是把处理方法换成了注解的形式。如下：
public void onEventMainThread(Event event) {
} 换成了：
@Subscribe(threadMode = ThreadMode.MainThread) //在ui线程执行
public void onUserEvent(UserEvent event) {
}不再需要使得具体的使用就不再详细说了。
EventBus源码
register
入口当然是EventBus.getDefault().register(this)，先看下getDefault()。
public static EventBus getDefault() {
if (defaultInstance == null ) {
synchronized (EventBus.class) {
if (defaultInstance == null ) {
defaultInstance = new EventBus();
}
}
}
return defaultInstance;
}可见它其实是一个标准的单例模式。再看下register方法：
public void register(Object subscriber) {
Class<?> subscriberClass = subscriber.getClass();
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = subscriberMethodFinder .findSubscriberMethods(subscriberClass) ;
synchronized ( this) {
for (SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod : subscriberMethods) {
subscribe(subscriber, subscriberMethod) ;
}
}
}SubscriberMethodFinder类就是用来查找和缓存订阅者响应函数的信息的类。那怎么才能获得订阅者响应函数的相关信息呢。本博客是基于3.0版本的,在3.0版本中，EventBus提供了一个EventBusAnnotationProcessor注解处理器来在编译期通过读取@Subscribe()注解并解析,处理其中所包含的信息,然后生成java类来保存所有订阅者关于订阅的信息,这样就比在运行时使用反射来获得这些订阅者的信息速度要快。来看下findSubscriberMethods怎么执行的：
List <SubscriberMethod> findSubscriberMethods(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
List<SubscriberMethod> subscriberMethods = METHOD_CACHE.get(subscriberClass); //如有缓存存在
if (subscriberMethods != null) {
return subscriberMethods;
}
if (ignoreGeneratedIndex) {
subscriberMethods = findUsingReflection(subscriberClass);
} else {
subscriberMethods = findUsingInfo(subscriberClass);///从注解器生成的MyEventBusIndex类中获得订阅类的订阅方法信息
}
if (subscriberMethods.isEmpty()) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriberClass
+ " and its super classes have no public methods with the @Subscribe annotation") ;
} else {
METHOD_CACHE.put(subscriberClass , subscriberMethods); //存到缓存中
return subscriberMethods ;
}
}首先判断缓存中有没有存在，存在就直接加载，不存在就通过findUsingReflection或者findUsingInfo来进行方法的查找。findUsingReflection是用反射来查找注解@Subscribe从而获取到订阅方法，findUsingInfo是从从注解器生成的MyEventBusIndex类中获得订阅类的订阅方法信息。这里只分析findUsingReflection的具体流程：
private List<SubscriberMethod> findUsingReflection(Class<?> subscriberClass) {
FindState findState = prepareFindState();
findState.initForSubscriber(subscriberClass) ;
while (findState. clazz != null ) {
findUsingReflectionInSingleClass(findState);
findState.moveToSuperclass() ;
}
return getMethodsAndRelease(findState) ;
}主要流程在findUsingReflectionInSingleClass中实现：
private void findUsingReflectionInSingleClass (FindState findState) {
Method[] methods;
try {
// This is faster than getMethods, especially when subscribers are fat classes like Activities
methods = findState. clazz.getDeclaredMethods();
} catch (Throwable th) {
// Workaround for java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError, see https://github.com/greenrobot/EventBus/issues/149
methods = findState. clazz.getMethods();
findState. skipSuperClasses = true;
}
for (Method method : methods) {
int modifiers = method.getModifiers() ;
if ((modifiers & Modifier. PUBLIC) != 0 && (modifiers & MODIFIERS_IGNORE ) == 0) {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes() ;
if (parameterTypes. length == 1 ) {
Subscribe subscribeAnnotation = method.getAnnotation( Subscribe.class );
if (subscribeAnnotation != null) {
Class<?> eventType = parameterTypes[ 0];
if (findState.checkAdd(method , eventType)) {
ThreadMode threadMode = subscribeAnnotation.threadMode() ;
findState.subscriberMethods.add( new SubscriberMethod(method, eventType , threadMode,
subscribeAnnotation.priority() , subscribeAnnotation.sticky()));
}
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe. class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException("@Subscribe method " + methodName +
"must have exactly 1 parameter but has " + parameterTypes.length) ;
}
} else if (strictMethodVerification && method.isAnnotationPresent(Subscribe. class)) {
String methodName = method.getDeclaringClass().getName() + "." + method.getName();
throw new EventBusException(methodName +
" is a illegal @Subscribe method: must be public, non-static, and non-abstract") ;
}
}
}就开始遍历每一个方法了，去匹配封装了。反射读取注解，将method, threadMode, eventType传入构造了：new SubscriberMethod(method, threadMode, eventType)。添加到List。
看下继续往下看moveToSuperclass方法：
void moveToSuperclass() {
if (skipSuperClasses) {
clazz = null;
} else {
clazz = clazz.getSuperclass() ;
String clazzName = clazz.getName();
/** Skip system classes, this just degrades performance. */
if (clazzName.startsWith("java.") || clazzName.startsWith( "javax.") || clazzName.startsWith("android." )) {
clazz = null;
}
}
}可以看到，会扫描所有的父类，不仅仅是当前类。
上面说了这么多，其实只要记住一句话：扫描了所有的方法，把匹配的方法最终保存起来。
回到register方法，继续往来就来到subscribe()方法啦，将上面找到的subscriberMethods这个list传入 ：
private void subscribe(Object subscriber, SubscriberMethod subscriberMethod) {
Class<?> eventType = subscriberMethod.eventType ;////获取订阅的事件类型
Subscription newSubscription = new Subscription(subscriber, subscriberMethod) ;
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType .get(eventType);
if (subscriptions == null) {
subscriptions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>() ;
subscriptionsByEventType .put(eventType, subscriptions) ;
} else {
if (subscriptions.contains(newSubscription)) {
throw new EventBusException("Subscriber " + subscriber.getClass() + " already registered to event "
+ eventType);
}
}
// //根据优先级priority来添加Subscription对象
int size = subscriptions.size() ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i <= size; i++) {
if (i == size || subscriberMethod. priority > subscriptions.get(i).subscriberMethod .priority) {
subscriptions.add(i, newSubscription) ;
break;
}
}
//将订阅者对象以及订阅的事件保存到typesBySubscriber里
List<Class<?>> subscribedEvents = typesBySubscriber .get(subscriber);
if (subscribedEvents == null) {
subscribedEvents = new ArrayList<>();
typesBySubscriber .put(subscriber, subscribedEvents) ;
}
subscribedEvents.add(eventType);
//如果接收sticky事件,立即分发sticky事件
if (subscriberMethod. sticky) {
if (eventInheritance) {
// Existing sticky events of all subclasses of eventType have to be considered.
// Note: Iterating over all events may be inefficient with lots of sticky events,
// thus data structure should be changed to allow a more efficient lookup
// (e.g. an additional map storing sub classes of super classes: Class -> List<Class>).
Set<Map.Entry<Class<?> , Object>> entries = stickyEvents.entrySet() ;
for (Map.Entry<Class<?> , Object> entry : entries) {
Class<?> candidateEventType = entry.getKey() ;
if (eventType.isAssignableFrom(candidateEventType)) {
Object stickyEvent = entry.getValue() ;
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription, stickyEvent) ;
}
}
} else {
Object stickyEvent = stickyEvents.get(eventType) ;
checkPostStickyEventToSubscription(newSubscription , stickyEvent);
}
}
}上面代码其实也很好理解，首先得到事件类型的所有订阅信息，根据优先级将当前订阅信息插入到订阅者队列subscriptionsByEventType中，得到有序的队列后，就将其放到typesBySubscriber 中。最后判断是否设置了接收sticky事件，如果接收sticky事件，取出sticky事件消息发送给订阅者。
post
分析完register后，就要看看post，是如何分发事件的。
在看源码之前，我们猜测下：register时，把方法存在subscriptionsByEventType；那么post肯定会去subscriptionsByEventType去取，然后调用。
public void post(Object event) {
PostingThreadState postingState = currentPostingThreadState .get();
List<Object> eventQueue = postingState. eventQueue;
eventQueue.add(event) ;
if (!postingState. isPosting) {
postingState.isMainThread = Looper.getMainLooper() == Looper.myLooper();
postingState. isPosting = true;
if (postingState. canceled) {
throw new EventBusException("Internal error. Abort state was not reset");
}
try {
//一直发送
while (!eventQueue.isEmpty()) {
postSingleEvent(eventQueue.remove( 0), postingState);//发送单个事件
}
} finally {
postingState.isPosting = false;
postingState. isMainThread = false;
}
}
}
首先通过currentPostingThreadState.get()来得到当前线程PostingThreadState的对象：
private final ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState> currentPostingThreadState = new ThreadLocal<PostingThreadState>() {
@Override
protected PostingThreadState initialValue() {
return new PostingThreadState();
}
};
接着将Post的参数对象入队列，判断队列里是否为空，如果不为空，一直发送。发送调用的是postSingleEvent。
private void postSingleEvent(Object event, PostingThreadState postingState) throws Error {
Class<?> eventClass = event.getClass();
boolean subscriptionFound = false;
if ( eventInheritance) {
//查找eventClass类所有的父类以及接口
List<Class<?>> eventTypes = lookupAllEventTypes(eventClass);
int countTypes = eventTypes.size() ;
for ( int h = 0 ; h < countTypes; h++) {
Class<?> clazz = eventTypes.get(h);
subscriptionFound |= postSingleEventForEventType(event , postingState, clazz);
}
} else {
subscriptionFound = postSingleEventForEventType(event, postingState , eventClass);
}
if (!subscriptionFound) {
if (logNoSubscriberMessages) {
Log.d (TAG, "No subscribers registered for event " + eventClass);
}
if (sendNoSubscriberEvent && eventClass != NoSubscriberEvent. class &&
eventClass != SubscriberExceptionEvent. class) {
post(new NoSubscriberEvent(this, event)) ;
}
}
}
判断事件是否可以继承，如果可以就查找eventClass所有父类及接口，获得订阅了该事件的所有订阅都后，调用postSingleEventForEventType来逐个进行发送。
private boolean postSingleEventForEventType (Object event, PostingThreadState postingState, Class<?> eventClass) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<Subscription> subscriptions;
synchronized ( this) {
subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType .get(eventClass);
}
if (subscriptions != null && !subscriptions.isEmpty()) {
for (Subscription subscription : subscriptions) {
postingState.event = event ;
postingState. subscription = subscription;
boolean aborted = false;
try {
postToSubscription(subscription , event, postingState.isMainThread) ;//分发给订阅者
aborted = postingState.canceled;
} finally {
postingState.event = null;
postingState.subscription = null;
postingState.canceled = false;
}
if (aborted) {
break;
}
}
return true;
}
return false;
}看到了吧，获取subscriptionsByEventType中对象，并调用postToSubscription分发给订阅者。这里分四种情况来调用订阅者中的方法，如下：
private void postToSubscription(Subscription subscription, Object event , boolean isMainThread) {
switch (subscription.subscriberMethod. threadMode) {
case POSTING:
invokeSubscriber(subscription, event) ;
break;
case MAIN:
if (isMainThread) {
invokeSubscriber(subscription , event);
} else {
mainThreadPoster.enqueue(subscription , event);
}
break;
case BACKGROUND:
if (isMainThread) {
backgroundPoster.enqueue(subscription , event);
} else {
invokeSubscriber(subscription , event);
}
break;
case ASYNC:
asyncPoster .enqueue(subscription, event) ;
break;
default:
throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown thread mode: " + subscription.subscriberMethod .threadMode) ;
}
}实际上就是通过反射调用了订阅者的订阅函数并把event传入。
总结上面的代码就是,首先从currentPostingThreadState获取当前线程信息，在subscriptionsByEventType里获得所有订阅了这个事件的Subscription列表,然后在通过postToSubscription()方法来分发事件,在postToSubscription()通过不同的threadMode在不同的线程里invoke()订阅者的方法,ThreadMode共有四类:
- PostThread：默认的 ThreadMode，表示在执行 Post 操作的线程直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法，不论该线程是否为主线程（UI 线程）。当该线程为主线程时，响应方法中不能有耗时操作，否则有卡主线程的风险。它不能耗时的操作；
- MainThread：在主线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程就是主线程，则直接调用订阅者的事件响应方法，否则通过主线程的 Handler 发送消息在主线程中处理——调用订阅者的事件响应函数。显然，MainThread类的方法也不能有耗时操作，以避免卡主线程。
- BackgroundThread：在后台线程中执行响应方法。如果发布线程不是主线程，则直接调用订阅者的事件响应函数，否则启动唯一的后台线程去处理。由于后台线程是唯一的，当事件超过一个的时候，它们会被放在队列中依次执行，因此该类响应方法虽然没有PostThread类和MainThread类方法对性能敏感，但最好不要有重度耗时的操作或太频繁的轻度耗时操作，以造成其他操作等待。适用场景：操作轻微耗时且不会过于频繁，即一般的耗时操作都可以放在这里；
- Async：不论发布线程是否为主线程，都使用一个空闲线程来处理。和BackgroundThread不同的是，Async类的所有线程是相互独立的，因此不会出现卡线程的问题。适用场景：长耗时操作，例如网络访问。
以上就是几中适用场景。要根据自己的业务需求进行选择。
unregister
注销，这个其实就没什么好说的了，直接看代码：
public synchronized void unregister(Object subscriber) {
List<Class<?>> subscribedTypes = typesBySubscriber .get(subscriber);
if (subscribedTypes != null) {
for (Class<?> eventType : subscribedTypes) {
unsubscribeByEventType(subscriber, eventType) ;
}
typesBySubscriber .remove(subscriber);
} else {
Log.w( TAG, "Subscriber to unregister was not registered before: " + subscriber.getClass());
}
}最终分别从typesBySubscriber和subscriptions里分别移除订阅者以及相关信息即可。获到取typesBySubscriber 中要删除的对象，并进行remove。看下unsubscribeByEventType方法：
private void unsubscribeByEventType(Object subscriber, Class<?> eventType) {
List<Subscription> subscriptions = subscriptionsByEventType .get(eventType);
if (subscriptions != null) {
int size = subscriptions.size() ;
for ( int i = 0 ; i < size; i++) {
Subscription subscription = subscriptions.get(i);
if (subscription. subscriber == subscriber) {
subscription.active = false;
subscriptions.remove(i);
i--;
size--;
}
}
}
}好啦，EventBus的简单源码分析就分析到这吧。