使用python实现身份证号码的规则校验

验证规则如下：

长度必须为18位；

格式为：前17位是数字，最后一位是数字或者x（不区分大小写）；

前两位是地区码，必须存在；

第7位到12位是出生日期，必须是存在的日期；

最后一位是验证位，规则必须匹配；

实现代码如下：

注：测试用的身份证号是在网上找的，无意冒犯，如有侵权，请通知删除；

# /usr/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
import re
import datetime


def isidcard(id_number):
    area_dict = {11: "北京", 12: "天津", 13: "河北", 14: "山西", 15: "内蒙古", 21: "辽宁", 22: "吉林", 23: "黑龙江", 31: "上海", 32: "江苏",
                 33: "浙江", 34: "安徽", 35: "福建", 36: "江西", 37: "山东", 41: "河南", 42: "湖北", 43: "湖南", 44: "广东", 45: "广西",
                 46: "海南", 50: "重庆", 51: "四川", 52: "贵州", 53: "云南", 54: "西藏", 61: "陕西", 62: "甘肃", 63: "青海", 64: "新疆",
                 71: "台湾", 81: "香港", 82: "澳门", 91: "外国"}
    id_code_list = [7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2, 1, 6, 3, 7, 9, 10, 5, 8, 4, 2]
    check_code_list = [1, 0, 'X', 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2]
    if len(id_number) != 18:
        return False, "Length error"
    if not re.match(r"^\d{17}(\d|X|x)$", id_number):
        return False, "Format error"
    if int(id_number[0:2]) not in area_dict:
        return False, "Area code error"
    try:
        datetime.date(int(id_number[6:10]), int(id_number[10:12]), int(id_number[12:14]))
    except ValueError as ve:
        return False, "Datetime error: {0}".format(ve)
    if check_code_list[sum([a * b for a, b in zip(id_code_list, [int(a) for a in id_number[0:-1]])]) % 11] != id_number.upper()[-1]:
        return False, "Check code error"
    return True, area_dict[int(id_number[0:2])].decode("utf-8")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    print isidcard("330702196302260412X")
    print isidcard("3307021963X226041x")
    print isidcard("330702196呵呵41X")
    print isidcard("39070219630226041X")
    print isidcard("33070219630229041X")
    print isidcard("330702196302260410")
    print isidcard("33070219630226041x")
    print isidcard("33070219630226041X")

打印结果如下：

(False, 'Length error')
(False, 'Format error')
(False, 'Format error')
(False, 'Area code error')
(False, 'Datetime error: day is out of range for month')
(False, 'Check code error')
(True, u'\u6d59\u6c5f')
(True, u'\u6d59\u6c5f')