android 自定义控件 自定义属性详细介绍

在android相关应用开发过程中,固定的一些属性可能满足不了开发的需求,所以在一些特殊情况下,需要自定义控件与属性,本文将以此问题进行详细介绍,需要的朋友可以参考下

自定义控件在android中无处不见,自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说,一个视图为imageview ,imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合,用的地方有很多,我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合,既浪费时间,效率又低。在这种情况下,我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们,不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。

一、控件自定义属性介绍 

以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义,属性均可随意命名。 
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。 
示例:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="background" format="reference" />
  <attr name="src" format="reference" />
</declare-styleable>

2. color:颜色值。 

示例:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
</declare-styleable>

3. boolean:布尔值。 

示例: 
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="focusable" format="boolean" />
</declare-styleable>
4. dimension:尺寸值。 

示例:

<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="layout_width" format="dimension" />
</declare-styleable>
5. float:浮点值。 
示例: 
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="fromAlpha" format="float" />
  <attr name="toAlpha" format="float" />
</declare-styleable>
6. integer:整型值。 
示例:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="frameDuration" format="integer" />
  <attr name="framesCount" format="integer" />
</declare-styleable>
7. string:字符串。 
示例:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="text" format="string" />
</declare-styleable>
8. fraction:百分数。 
示例:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="pivotX" format="fraction" />
  <attr name="pivotY" format="fraction" />
</declare-styleable>
9. enum:枚举值。 
示例: 
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="orientation">
    <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
    <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
  </attr>
</declare-styleable>
10. flag:位或运算。 
示例: 
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
    <flag name="stateUnspecified" value="0" />
    <flag name="stateUnchanged" value="1" />
    <flag name="stateHidden" value="2" />
    <flag name="stateAlwaysHidden" value="3" />
  </attr>
</declare-styleable>
11.多类型。 
示例:
<declare-styleable name="名称">
  <attr name="background" format="reference|color" />
</declare-styleable>

二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现 

1、构思控件的组成元素,思考所需自定义的属性。 
比如:我要做一个 <带阴影的按钮,按钮正下方有文字说明>(类似9宫格按钮) 
新建values/attrs.xml 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
  <declare-styleable name="custom_view">
    <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />
    <attr name="src" format="reference" />
    <attr name="background" format="reference" />
    <attr name="text" format="string" />
    <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
    <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
  </declare-styleable>
</resources>
以上,所定义为custom_view,custom_id为按钮id,src为按钮,background为阴影背景,text为按钮说明,textColor为字体颜色,textSize为字体大小。 
2、怎么自定义控件呢,怎么使用这些属性呢?话不多说请看代码,CustomView : 
package com.nanlus.custom;
import com.nanlus.custom.R;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener
{
    private CustomListener customListener = null;
    private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null;
    private String mText = "";
    private int mTextColor = 0;
    private float mTextSize = 20;
    private int mCustomId = 0;
    private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;
    private ImageButton mButtonView = null;
    private TextView mTextView = null;
    private LayoutParams mParams = null;
    public CustomView(Context context)
    {
        super(context);
    }
    public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context, attrs);
        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
                       R.styleable.custom_view);
        mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);
        mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);
        mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);
        mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor,
                                Color.WHITE);
        mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);
        mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);
        mTextView = new TextView(context);
        mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);
        mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);
        mTextView.setText(mText);
        mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
        mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                  LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
        mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);
        mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);
        mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);
        mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
                                    LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
        mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);
        mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);
        mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(
                                            LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
        addView(mBackgroundView);
        addView(mButtonView);
        addView(mTextView);
        this.setOnClickListener(this);
        a.recycle();
    }
    @Override
    protected void onAttachedToWindow()
    {
        super.onAttachedToWindow();
        mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();
        if (mParams != null)
        {
            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
            mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
        }
        mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();
        if (mParams != null)
        {
            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
            mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
        }
        mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();
        if (mParams != null)
        {
            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
            mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
        }
    }
    public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l)
    {
        customListener = l;
    }
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v)
    {
        if (customListener != null)
        {
            customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);
        }
    }
    public interface CustomListener
    {
        void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);
    }
}
代码很简单,就不多说,下面来看看我们的CustomView是怎么用的,请看: 
3、自定义控件的使用 
话不多说,请看代码,main.xml: 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom" 
android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
android:layout_height="fill_parent" > 
<LinearLayout 
android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_centerHorizontal="true" 
android:layout_centerVertical="true" 
android:orientation="horizontal" > 
<com.nanlus.custom.CustomView 
android:id="@+id/custom1" 
android:layout_width="wrap_content" 
android:layout_height="wrap_content" 
android:layout_weight="1" 
nanlus:background="@drawable/background" 
nanlus:custom_id="1" 
nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button" 
nanlus:text="按钮1" > 
</com.nanlus.custom.CustomView> 
</LinearLayout> 
</RelativeLayout> 
在这里需要解释一下, 
xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom" 
nanlus为在xml中的前缀,com.nanlus.custom为包名 
4、在Activity中,直接上代码
package com.nanlus.custom;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.nanlus.BaseActivity;
import com.nanlus.custom.R;
import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener;
public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener
{
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
    {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        ((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);
    }
    @Override
    public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id)
    {
        switch (custom_id)
        {
        case 1:
            Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }
}

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