Spring MVC注解配置结合Hibernate的入门教程及其代码实例
原文：Spring MVC注解配置结合Hibernate的入门教程及其代码实例
源代码下载地址：http://www.zuidaima.com/share/1787210045197312.htm
1、概述
本文旨在搭建Spring MVC+Hibernate开发框架，通过一个简单的demo讲解Spring MVC的相关配置文件，以及通过注解方式实现简单功能。
开发框架：Spring+Spring MVC+Hibernate（Spring所用的版本为3.0.5）。
数据库：MySQL（数据库名称test，demo工程所用的表名为user_info）。
2、开发框架搭建
2.1 创建工程
在Eclipse的Java EE版本或MyEclipse中创建一个Dynamic Web Project。并创建如下包：
（1）com.dao：系统的DAO；
（2）com.model：表的实体类（使用Hibernate），在该工程中不配置.hbm.xml映射文件，采取注解的方式；
（3）com.service：业务逻辑接口类和实现类；
（4）com.web：Spring MVC的Controllor类；
（5）com.config：Spring和Spring MVC的配置文件。
创建成功后包结构如下所示：
springmvctest
src
----com
----amigo
----dao
----model
----service
----web
----config
WebContent
----META-INF
----WEB-INF
----lib
----classes
2.2 引入相关包
需要将Spring、Spring MVC、Hibernate、MySQL驱动、log4j、c3p0数据源等的相关包引入。lib目录下的jar包如下：
antlr-2.7.6.jar
aopalliance.jar
asm-attrs.jar
asm.jar
c3p0-0.9.0.jar
cglib-2.1.3.jar
commons-beanutils-1.8.0.jar
commons-beanutils-bean-collections-1.8.0.jar
commons-betwixt-0.8.jar
commons-collections-2.1.1.jar
commons-digester-2.1.jar
commons-discovery-0.2.jar
commons-httpclient.jar
commons-logging.jar
dom4j-1.6.1.jar
ehcache-1.2.3.jar
ejb3-persistence.jar
hibernate-annotations.jar
hibernate-commons-annotations.jar
hibernate-entitymanager.jar
hibernate-validator.jar
hibernate3.jar
jaas.jar
javassist.jar
jaxen-1.1-beta-7.jar
jaxrpc.jar
jboss-archive-browsing.jar
jdbc2_0-stdext.jar
jta.jar
log4j-1.2.11.jar
mysql-connector-java-5.0.4-bin.jar
org.springframework.aop-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.aspects-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.context.support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.instrument.tomcat-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jdbc-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.jms-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.orm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.oxm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.test-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
org.springframework.web.servlet-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
saaj.jar
wsdl4j.jar
xerces-2.6.2.jar
xml-apis.jar
2.3 配置文件
2.3.1 配置web.xml
在web.xml中需要配置Spring的配置文件（applicationContext.xml）和Spring MVC配置文件（spring-mvc.xml），配置指定所有.do的请求都由Spring的DispatcherServlet类进行处理。
web.xml文件的参考配置如下：
<?xml version=" 1.0 " encoding=" UTF-8 " ?> <web - app xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xmlns=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee " xmlns:web=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " xsi:schemaLocation=" http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd " id=" WebApp_ID " version=" 2.5 "> <display - name> springmvctest </display - name> <welcome - file - list> <welcome - file> index.html </welcome - file> <welcome - file> index.htm </welcome - file> <welcome - file> index.jsp </welcome - file> </welcome - file - list> <context - param> <param - name> contextConfigLocation </param - name> <param - value> classpath:config / applicationContext.xml </param - value> </context - param> <listener> <listener - class> org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </listener - class> </listener> <servlet> <servlet - name> spring - mvc </servlet - name> <servlet - class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet - class> <init - param> <param - name> contextConfigLocation </param - name> <param - value> classpath:config / spring - mvc.xml </param - value> </init - param> <load - on - startup> </load - on - startup> </servlet> <servlet - mapping> <servlet - name> spring - mvc </servlet - name> <url - pattern>* . do </url - pattern> </servlet - mapping> <filter> <filter - name> encodingFilter </filter - name> <filter - class> org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter </filter - class> <init - param> <param - name> encoding </param - name> <param - value> UTF - </param - value> </init - param> <init - param> <param - name> forceEncoding </param - name> <param - value> true </param - value> </init - param> </filter> <filter - mapping> <filter - name> encodingFilter </filter - name> <url - pattern> /**/ /*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
2.3.2 配置 spring 的配置文件
Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml文件中主要配置对Hibernate的事务的管理，该配置文件的参考配置如下：
<?xml version=" 1.0 " encoding=" UTF-8 " ?> <beans xmlns=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans " xmlns:xsi=" http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance " xmlns:context=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/context " xmlns:aop=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop " xmlns:task=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/task " xsi:schemaLocation=" http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans http: // www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context http: // www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop http: // www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http: // www.springframework.org/schema/task http: // www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd"> <context:annotation - config /> <!-- 扫描annotation类，过滤Service，Repository --> <context:component - scan base - package=" com.amigo "> <context:include - filter type=" annotation " expression=" org.springframework.stereotype.Service " /> <context:include - filter type=" annotation " expression=" org.springframework.stereotype.Repository " /> </context:component - scan> <bean id=" dataSource " class=" com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource " destroy - method=" close "> <property name=" driverClass "> <value> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver </value> </property> <property name=" jdbcUrl "> <value> jdbc:mysql: // localhost/test</value> </property> <property name=" user "> <value> root </value> </property> <property name=" password "> <value> 123456 </value> </property> <property name=" maxPoolSize "> <value> </value> </property> <property name=" minPoolSize "> <value> </value> </property> <property name=" initialPoolSize "> <value> </value> </property> <property name=" maxIdleTime "> <value> </value> </property> </bean> <bean id=" sessionFactory " class=" org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean "> <property name=" dataSource " ref=" dataSource " /> <property name=" packagesToScan " value=" com.amigo.model* "></property> <property name=" hibernateProperties "> <props> <prop key=" hibernate.dialect "> org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect </prop> <prop key=" show_sql "> true </prop> <prop key=" hibernate.jdbc.batch_size "> </prop> </props> </property> </bean> <!-- 不破坏数据库,注册SessionFactory --> <bean id=" transactionManager " class=" org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager "> <property name=" sessionFactory " ref=" sessionFactory "></property> </bean> <bean id=" transactionInterceptor " class=" org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor "> <property name=" transactionManager " ref=" transactionManager "></property> <property name=" transactionAttributes "> <props> <prop key=" save* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" update* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" delete* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" find* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" get* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" execute* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" load* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" merge* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> <prop key=" add* "> PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </prop> </props> </property> </bean> <bean class=" org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator "> <property name=" beanNames "> <list> <value>* Service </value> </list> </property> <property name= " interceptorNames "> <list> <value> transactionInterceptor </value> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
2.3.3 配置 Spring MVC 配置文件
Spring MVC的配置文件spring-mvc.xml中主要是Controller的配置信息，该文件的参考配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd" default-lazy-init="true"> <context:annotation-config /> <!-- 使Spring支持自动检测组件，如注解的Controller --> <context:component-scan base-package="com.amigo.web"/> <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" p:prefix="/WEB-INF" p:suffix=".jsp" /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping" /> <!-- 启动 Spring MVC 的注解功能，完成请求和注解 POJO 的映射 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter"> </bean> </list> </property> </bean> </beans>
2.4 创建数据库和表
创建test数据库和user_info表的SQL语句如下（为了简便，user_info只有一个USER_NAME字段）：
CREATE DATABASE test; USER test; CREATE TABLE user_info ( USER_NAME varchar ( 32 ) NOT NULL , PRIMARY KEY ( USER_NAME ) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET= utf8;
3、实例代码
3.1 DAO层
BaseHibernateDao类的代码如下所示：
package com.amigo.dao;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessResourceFailureException;
import org.springframework.dao.support.DaoSupport;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class BaseHibernateDao extends DaoSupport {
private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;
public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
return sessionFactory;
}
@Resource(name="sessionFactory")
public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
this.sessionFactory=sessionFactory;
this.hibernateTemplate=createHibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
public Session getSession() {
if (this.sessionFactory==null) {
throw new HibernateException("Session Create Fail,SessionFactory is null!");
}
return this.sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();
}
protected HibernateTemplate createHibernateTemplate(
SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
return new HibernateTemplate(sessionFactory);
}
@Override
protected void checkDaoConfig() throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (this.hibernateTemplate==null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("'sessionFactory' or 'hibernateTemplate' is required");
}
}
protected final Session getSession(boolean allowCreate)
throws DataAccessResourceFailureException, IllegalStateException {
return (!allowCreate ? SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(), false) : SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(
getSessionFactory(),
this.hibernateTemplate.getEntityInterceptor(), this.hibernateTemplate.getJdbcExceptionTranslator()));
}
protected final DataAccessException convertHibernateAccessException(
HibernateException ex) {
return this.hibernateTemplate.convertHibernateAccessException(ex);
}
protected final void releaseSession(Session session) {
SessionFactoryUtils.releaseSession(session, getSessionFactory());
if(null!=session)session=null;
}
public final void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate) {
this.hibernateTemplate=hibernateTemplate;
}
public final HibernateTemplate getHibernateTemplate() {
return this.hibernateTemplate;
}
}
USER_INFO表的Dao类UserInfoDao类的代码如下所示：
package com.amigo.dao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserInfoDao extends BaseHibernateDao {
}
3.2 业务逻辑层
接口类IHelloService的代码如下：
package com.amigo.service;
public interface IHelloService {
public int addUser(String userName) throws Exception;;
}
实现类HelloService类的代码如下：
package com.amigo.service; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.amigo.dao.UserInfoDao; import com.amigo.model.UserInfo; @Service( " helloService " ) @Repository public class HelloService implements IHelloService ; } }
3.3 控制层
控制类HelloControllor类接收userName参数，并调用相应的Service类将用户名保存到USER_INFO表中，该类的代码如下：
package com.amigo.web;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.amigo.service.IHelloService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping( " /test " )
public class HelloControllor {
private static final Log log=LogFactory.getLog(HelloControllor.class);
private IHelloService helloService;
public IHelloService getHelloService() {
return helloService;
}
@Resource
public void setHelloService(IHelloService helloService) {
this.helloService=helloService;
}
@RequestMapping("/hello.do")
public @ResponseBody
String sayHello(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
String userName=request.getParameter("userName");
log.info("userName="+ userName);
int resultCode=helloService.addUser(userName);
String rspInfo="你好!" + userName + ",操作结果码="+ resultCode;
response.setHeader("Content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.getOutputStream().write(rspInfo.getBytes("UTF-8"));
return "";
}
}
@Controller注解标识一个控制器，@RequestMapping注解标记一个访问的路径；如果@RequestMapping注解在类级别上，则表示一相对路径，在方法级别上，则标记访问路径；
4、测试
测试时可以通过访问http://localhost:8080/springmvctest/test/hello.do?userName=amigo777，通过userName参数将用户名添加到USER_INFO表中。
从实例代码可以看出，POJO、DAO层、Service层和Controller层都是采用注解的方式将service、dao注入的，减少了配置量，方便了开发工作。