ubuntu安装nginx及负载均衡配置

所有的安装包可以去以下地址下载，或者自行去官网下载，下面都有介绍.

所有安装包地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/carboncomputer/9238037

原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhongshengzhen/p/nginx.html

nginx 学习地址：http://tengine.taobao.org/book/appendix_c.html#nginxlinux

具体步骤如下：

1、下载PCRE， 是一个用C语言编写的正则表达式函数库

[root@localhost pcre-8.36]# cd /tmp/download/

[root@localhost download]# wget  http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.37/pcre-8.37.tar.gz

[root@localhost download]# tar zxvf pcre-8.36.tar.gz

2、下载zlib库

[root@localhost pcre-8.36]# cd /tmp/download/
[root@localhost download]# wget  http://ncu.dl.sourceforge.net/project/libpng/zlib/1.2.8/zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz

[root@localhost download]# tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.8.tar.gz cd zlib-1.2.8

4、下载SSL

[root@localhost zlib-1.2.8]# cd ..
[root@localhost download]# wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1p.tar.gz

[root@localhost download]# cd openssl-1.0.1c

[root@localhost openssl-1.0.1c]# tar -zxvf openssl-1.0.1c.tar.gz

 

5、下载nginx

[root@localhost download]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz

[root@localhost download]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.2.8.tar.gz

 

6、安装

[root@localhost download]mv pcre-8.36 /usr/local/

[root@localhost download]mv zlib-1.2.8 /usr/local/

[root@localhost download]mv openssl-1.0.1c /usr/local/

[root@localhost download]mv nginx-1.2.8 /usr/local/

 

[root@localhost download]cd /usr/local/

 

[root@localhost local]# cd pcre-8.36

[root@localhost pcre-8.36]# ./configure&&make&&make install

 

[root@localhost pcre-8.36] cd ../zlib-1.2.8

[root@localhost zlib-1.2.8]# ./configure && make && make install

 

[root@localhost zlib-1.2.8]# cd ../openssl-1.0.1c

[root@localhost openssl-1.0.1c]# ./config && make && make install

 

[root@localhost openssl-1.0.1c]# cd ../nginx-1.2.8

[root@localhost nginx-1.2.8]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx && make && make install

 

7、启动nginx

[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

 

8、测试

在确保可以连接到服务器的电脑上，浏览器输入装了nginx的机器的ip地址，会看到Welcome to nginx!的提示说明安装配配置成功了。

负载均衡配置：

现有两部服务器：

192.168.1.100    （按照以上操作安装有 nginx，作为转发机，虚拟机，同时运行有测试用的web工程）

192.168.1.101    （无安装nginx，运行有测试用的web工程，虚拟机）
测试用的web工程为：speechWeb

[root@a conf]# vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

配置如下展示：

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    #gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6]\.(?!.*SV1)";

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
"conf/nginx.conf" [readonly] 137L, 3107C                                                                          1,0-1         Top
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

   # my server
   upstream solrserver {
        # solr1
        server 192.168.1.100:9080 weight=2;
        # solr2
        server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight=2;
        # solr3
    }

    server {
        listen 8030;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://solrserver;
            #auth_basic "Restricted";
            #auth_basic_user_file pwd;
        }
    }

    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

其中关键代码是：

 upstream solrserver {
        # solr1
        server 192.168.1.100:9080 weight=2;
        # solr2
        server 192.168.1.101:8080 weight=2;
        # solr3
    }

    server {
        listen 8030;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://solrserver;
            #auth_basic "Restricted";
            #auth_basic_user_file pwd;
        }
    }

启动每台机器的speechWeb应用，然后通过以下格式在浏览器中访问转发机：
http://192.168.1.100:8030/speechWeb/
转发机会根据配置的权重参数（weight）进行负载均衡式访问服务器（http://192.168.1.100:9080/speechWeb/ 或 http://192.168.1.100:8030/speechWeb/）


每次更改配置文件后都需要重新启动nginx才会生效。

1、当第一次启动gnix时，用以下方式：
[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

2、当nginx已经在运行时，则需要平滑重启，步骤如下：
      先查看nginx master的pid： ps aux|grep nginx|grep master
      假设nginx的pid为3979，则平滑重启命令为：kill -HUP 3979

常见问题及解决办法：

1、安装PCRE时提示configure: error: You need a C++ compiler for C++ support.

原因是没有安装c++编译器，采用下面的命令安装：

[root@localhost pcre-8.37]# apt-get install build-essential
[root@localhost pcre-8.37]# apt-get install gcc

 

2、启动nginx失败

[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

原因是64bit的系统，但是默认取了/usr/local/lib里面的包

检查方法：

[root@localhost nginx]# cd /usr/local/

[root@localhost local]# ls /lib64/ |grep pcre
libpcre.so.0
libpcre.so.0.0.1
[root@localhost local]# ls /lib/ |grep pcre

说明缺失的包在lib64

设置软连接来解决：

[root@localhost local]# ln -s /lib64/libpcre.so.0.0.1 /lib64/libpcre.so.1
[root@localhost local]# cd nginx
[root@localhost nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

3、启动报错：

报错：nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

解决办法：sudo fuser -k 80/tcp

端口被占用，关闭占用端口