为了解决65535方法数超标的问题,Google推荐使用MultiDex来加载classes2.dex,classes3.dex等等,其基本思想就是在运行时动态修改ClassLoader,以达到动态加载类的目的。为了更好的理解MultiDex的工作原理,可以先看一下ClassLoader的工作原理[1].然后参见PathClassLoader的源码,当然,它继承自BaseDexClassLoader,主要源码都在BaseDexClassLoader中。MultiDex加载离线apk的过程如下:
我们可以在Application的onCreate方法或者Activity的attachBaseContext方法中开发加载。
根据MultiDex的源码,我们可以修改其install方法,然后从assets资源中解压出所需要加载的apk文件,然后调用installSecondaryDexes方法,将其加载到当前Application的ClassLoader当中,这样,在运行的时候,就可以通过当前的ClassLoader查找到离线apk中的类了。
package net.mobctrl.hostapk; import java.io.File; import java.io.FilenameFilter; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Array; import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.HashSet; import java.util.List; import java.util.ListIterator; import java.util.Set; import java.util.zip.ZipFile; import android.content.Context; import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.content.pm.PackageManager.NameNotFoundException; import android.os.Build; import android.util.Log; import dalvik.system.DexFile; /** * @Author Zheng Haibo * @Mail [email protected] * @Company Alibaba Group * @PersonalWebsite http://www.mobctrl.net * @version $Id: AssetsDex.java, v 0.1 2015年12月10日 下午5:36:23 mochuan.zhb Exp $ * @Description ClassLoader */ public class AssetsMultiDexLoader { private static final String TAG = "AssetsApkLoader"; private static boolean installed = false; private static final int MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION = 20; private static final int MIN_SDK_VERSION = 4; private static final Set<String> installedApk = new HashSet<String>(); private AssetsMultiDexLoader() { } /** * 安装Assets中的apk文件 * * @param context */ public static void install(Context context) { Log.i(TAG, "install..."); if (installed) { return; } try { clearOldDexDir(context); } catch (Throwable t) { Log.w(TAG, "Something went wrong when trying to clear old MultiDex extraction, " + "continuing without cleaning.", t); } AssetsManager.copyAllAssetsApk(context); Log.i(TAG, "install"); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < MIN_SDK_VERSION) { throw new RuntimeException("Multi dex installation failed. SDK " + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT + " is unsupported. Min SDK version is " + MIN_SDK_VERSION + "."); } try { ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = getApplicationInfo(context); if (applicationInfo == null) { // Looks like running on a test Context, so just return without // patching. return; } synchronized (installedApk) { String apkPath = applicationInfo.sourceDir; if (installedApk.contains(apkPath)) { return; } installedApk.add(apkPath); if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION) { Log.w(TAG, "MultiDex is not guaranteed to work in SDK version " + Build.VERSION.SDK_INT + ": SDK version higher than " + MAX_SUPPORTED_SDK_VERSION + " should be backed by " + "runtime with built-in multidex capabilty but it's not the " + "case here: java.vm.version=\"" + System.getProperty("java.vm.version") + "\""); } /* * The patched class loader is expected to be a descendant of * dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader. We modify its * dalvik.system.DexPathList pathList field to append additional * DEX file entries. */ ClassLoader loader; try { loader = context.getClassLoader(); } catch (RuntimeException e) { /* * Ignore those exceptions so that we don't break tests * relying on Context like a android.test.mock.MockContext * or a android.content.ContextWrapper with a null base * Context. */ Log.w(TAG, "Failure while trying to obtain Context class loader. " + "Must be running in test mode. Skip patching.", e); return; } if (loader == null) { // Note, the context class loader is null when running // Robolectric tests. Log.e(TAG, "Context class loader is null. Must be running in test mode. " + "Skip patching."); return; } // 获取dex文件列表 File dexDir = context.getDir(AssetsManager.APK_DIR, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); File[] szFiles = dexDir.listFiles(new FilenameFilter() { @Override public boolean accept(File dir, String filename) { return filename.endsWith(AssetsManager.FILE_FILTER); } }); List<File> files = new ArrayList<File>(); for (File f : szFiles) { Log.i(TAG, "load file:" + f.getName()); files.add(f); } Log.i(TAG, "loader before:" + context.getClassLoader()); installSecondaryDexes(loader, dexDir, files); Log.i(TAG, "loader end:" + context.getClassLoader()); } } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(TAG, "Multidex installation failure", e); throw new RuntimeException("Multi dex installation failed (" + e.getMessage() + ")."); } installed = true; Log.i(TAG, "install done"); } private static ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo(Context context) throws NameNotFoundException { PackageManager pm; String packageName; try { pm = context.getPackageManager(); packageName = context.getPackageName(); } catch (RuntimeException e) { /* * Ignore those exceptions so that we don't break tests relying on * Context like a android.test.mock.MockContext or a * android.content.ContextWrapper with a null base Context. */ Log.w(TAG, "Failure while trying to obtain ApplicationInfo from Context. " + "Must be running in test mode. Skip patching.", e); return null; } if (pm == null || packageName == null) { // This is most likely a mock context, so just return without // patching. return null; } ApplicationInfo applicationInfo = pm.getApplicationInfo(packageName, PackageManager.GET_META_DATA); return applicationInfo; } private static void installSecondaryDexes(ClassLoader loader, File dexDir, List<File> files) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IOException { if (!files.isEmpty()) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 19) { V19.install(loader, files, dexDir); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 14) { V14.install(loader, files, dexDir); } else { V4.install(loader, files); } } } /** * Locates a given field anywhere in the class inheritance hierarchy. * * @param instance * an object to search the field into. * @param name * field name * @return a field object * @throws NoSuchFieldException * if the field cannot be located */ private static Field findField(Object instance, String name) throws NoSuchFieldException { for (Class<?> clazz = instance.getClass(); clazz != null; clazz = clazz .getSuperclass()) { try { Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField(name); if (!field.isAccessible()) { field.setAccessible(true); } return field; } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) { // ignore and search next } } throw new NoSuchFieldException("Field " + name + " not found in " + instance.getClass()); } /** * Locates a given method anywhere in the class inheritance hierarchy. * * @param instance * an object to search the method into. * @param name * method name * @param parameterTypes * method parameter types * @return a method object * @throws NoSuchMethodException * if the method cannot be located */ private static Method findMethod(Object instance, String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) throws NoSuchMethodException { for (Class<?> clazz = instance.getClass(); clazz != null; clazz = clazz .getSuperclass()) { try { Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod(name, parameterTypes); if (!method.isAccessible()) { method.setAccessible(true); } return method; } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { // ignore and search next } } throw new NoSuchMethodException("Method " + name + " with parameters " + Arrays.asList(parameterTypes) + " not found in " + instance.getClass()); } /** * Replace the value of a field containing a non null array, by a new array * containing the elements of the original array plus the elements of * extraElements. * * @param instance * the instance whose field is to be modified. * @param fieldName * the field to modify. * @param extraElements * elements to append at the end of the array. */ private static void expandFieldArray(Object instance, String fieldName, Object[] extraElements) throws NoSuchFieldException, IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException { Field jlrField = findField(instance, fieldName); Object[] original = (Object[]) jlrField.get(instance); Object[] combined = (Object[]) Array.newInstance(original.getClass() .getComponentType(), original.length + extraElements.length); System.arraycopy(original, 0, combined, 0, original.length); System.arraycopy(extraElements, 0, combined, original.length, extraElements.length); jlrField.set(instance, combined); } private static void clearOldDexDir(Context context) throws Exception { File dexDir = context.getDir(AssetsManager.APK_DIR, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); if (dexDir.isDirectory()) { Log.i(TAG, "Clearing old secondary dex dir (" + dexDir.getPath() + ")."); File[] files = dexDir.listFiles(); if (files == null) { Log.w(TAG, "Failed to list secondary dex dir content (" + dexDir.getPath() + ")."); return; } for (File oldFile : files) { Log.i(TAG, "Trying to delete old file " + oldFile.getPath() + " of size " + oldFile.length()); if (!oldFile.delete()) { Log.w(TAG, "Failed to delete old file " + oldFile.getPath()); } else { Log.i(TAG, "Deleted old file " + oldFile.getPath()); } } if (!dexDir.delete()) { Log.w(TAG, "Failed to delete secondary dex dir " + dexDir.getPath()); } else { Log.i(TAG, "Deleted old secondary dex dir " + dexDir.getPath()); } } } /** * Installer for platform versions 19. */ private static final class V19 { private static void install(ClassLoader loader, List<File> additionalClassPathEntries, File optimizedDirectory) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException { /* * The patched class loader is expected to be a descendant of * dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader. We modify its * dalvik.system.DexPathList pathList field to append additional DEX * file entries. */ Field pathListField = findField(loader, "pathList"); Object dexPathList = pathListField.get(loader); ArrayList<IOException> suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList<IOException>(); expandFieldArray( dexPathList, "dexElements", makeDexElements(dexPathList, new ArrayList<File>( additionalClassPathEntries), optimizedDirectory, suppressedExceptions)); if (suppressedExceptions.size() > 0) { for (IOException e : suppressedExceptions) { Log.w(TAG, "Exception in makeDexElement", e); } Field suppressedExceptionsField = findField(loader, "dexElementsSuppressedExceptions"); IOException[] dexElementsSuppressedExceptions = (IOException[]) suppressedExceptionsField .get(loader); if (dexElementsSuppressedExceptions == null) { dexElementsSuppressedExceptions = suppressedExceptions .toArray(new IOException[suppressedExceptions .size()]); } else { IOException[] combined = new IOException[suppressedExceptions .size() + dexElementsSuppressedExceptions.length]; suppressedExceptions.toArray(combined); System.arraycopy(dexElementsSuppressedExceptions, 0, combined, suppressedExceptions.size(), dexElementsSuppressedExceptions.length); dexElementsSuppressedExceptions = combined; } suppressedExceptionsField.set(loader, dexElementsSuppressedExceptions); } } /** * A wrapper around * {@code private static final dalvik.system.DexPathList#makeDexElements} * . */ private static Object[] makeDexElements(Object dexPathList, ArrayList<File> files, File optimizedDirectory, ArrayList<IOException> suppressedExceptions) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException { Method makeDexElements = findMethod(dexPathList, "makeDexElements", ArrayList.class, File.class, ArrayList.class); return (Object[]) makeDexElements.invoke(dexPathList, files, optimizedDirectory, suppressedExceptions); } } /** * Installer for platform versions 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18. */ private static final class V14 { private static void install(ClassLoader loader, List<File> additionalClassPathEntries, File optimizedDirectory) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException { /* * The patched class loader is expected to be a descendant of * dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader. We modify its * dalvik.system.DexPathList pathList field to append additional DEX * file entries. */ Field pathListField = findField(loader, "pathList"); Object dexPathList = pathListField.get(loader); expandFieldArray( dexPathList, "dexElements", makeDexElements(dexPathList, new ArrayList<File>( additionalClassPathEntries), optimizedDirectory)); } /** * A wrapper around * {@code private static final dalvik.system.DexPathList#makeDexElements} * . */ private static Object[] makeDexElements(Object dexPathList, ArrayList<File> files, File optimizedDirectory) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException { Method makeDexElements = findMethod(dexPathList, "makeDexElements", ArrayList.class, File.class); return (Object[]) makeDexElements.invoke(dexPathList, files, optimizedDirectory); } } /** * Installer for platform versions 4 to 13. */ private static final class V4 { private static void install(ClassLoader loader, List<File> additionalClassPathEntries) throws IllegalArgumentException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchFieldException, IOException { /* * The patched class loader is expected to be a descendant of * dalvik.system.DexClassLoader. We modify its fields mPaths, * mFiles, mZips and mDexs to append additional DEX file entries. */ int extraSize = additionalClassPathEntries.size(); Field pathField = findField(loader, "path"); StringBuilder path = new StringBuilder( (String) pathField.get(loader)); String[] extraPaths = new String[extraSize]; File[] extraFiles = new File[extraSize]; ZipFile[] extraZips = new ZipFile[extraSize]; DexFile[] extraDexs = new DexFile[extraSize]; for (ListIterator<File> iterator = additionalClassPathEntries .listIterator(); iterator.hasNext();) { File additionalEntry = iterator.next(); String entryPath = additionalEntry.getAbsolutePath(); path.append(':').append(entryPath); int index = iterator.previousIndex(); extraPaths[index] = entryPath; extraFiles[index] = additionalEntry; extraZips[index] = new ZipFile(additionalEntry); extraDexs[index] = DexFile.loadDex(entryPath, entryPath + ".dex", 0); } pathField.set(loader, path.toString()); expandFieldArray(loader, "mPaths", extraPaths); expandFieldArray(loader, "mFiles", extraFiles); expandFieldArray(loader, "mZips", extraZips); expandFieldArray(loader, "mDexs", extraDexs); } } }
package net.mobctrl.hostapk; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import android.content.Context; import android.content.res.AssetManager; import android.util.Log; /** * @Author Zheng Haibo * @Mail [email protected] * @Company Alibaba Group * @PersonalWebsite http://www.mobctrl.net * @version $Id: AssetsManager.java, v 0.1 2015年12月11日 下午4:41:10 mochuan.zhb Exp $ * @Description */ public class AssetsManager { public static final String TAG = "AssetsApkLoader"; //从assets复制出去的apk的目标目录 public static final String APK_DIR = "third_apk"; //文件结尾过滤 public static final String FILE_FILTER = ".apk"; /** * 将资源文件中的apk文件拷贝到私有目录中 * * @param context */ public static void copyAllAssetsApk(Context context) { AssetManager assetManager = context.getAssets(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); try { File dex = context.getDir(APK_DIR, Context.MODE_PRIVATE); dex.mkdir(); String []fileNames = assetManager.list(""); for(String fileName:fileNames){ if(!fileName.endsWith(FILE_FILTER)){ return; } InputStream in = null; OutputStream out = null; in = assetManager.open(fileName); File f = new File(dex, fileName); if (f.exists() && f.length() == in.available()) { Log.i(TAG, fileName+"no change"); return; } Log.i(TAG, fileName+" chaneged"); out = new FileOutputStream(f); byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; int read; while ((read = in.read(buffer)) != -1) { out.write(buffer, 0, read); } in.close(); in = null; out.flush(); out.close(); out = null; Log.i(TAG, fileName+" copy over"); } Log.i(TAG,"###copyAssets time = "+(System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
以上就是从assets中加载apk的核心代码。
打开BundleApk项目,编译成apk。然后将BundleApk.apk文件拷贝到HostApk项目的assets目录,在HostApk的MainActivity方法的onCreate当中,调用AssetsMultiDexLoader.install(getApplicationContext());加载BundleApk.apk。然后我们就可以通过如下两种方式调用BundleApk中的类:
private void loadClass(){ try{ Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.mobctrl.normal.apk.FileUtils"); Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getConstructor(); Object bundleUtils = constructor.newInstance(); Method printSumMethod = clazz.getMethod("print", Context.class,String.class); printSumMethod.setAccessible(true); printSumMethod.invoke(bundleUtils, getApplicationContext(), "Hello"); }catch(Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }
@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) private void loadApk() { try { Class<?> clazz = getClassLoader() .loadClass("net.mobctrl.normal.apk.Utils"); Constructor<?> constructor = clazz.getConstructor(); Object bundleUtils = constructor.newInstance(); Method printSumMethod = clazz.getMethod("printSum", Context.class, int.class, int.class, String.class); printSumMethod.setAccessible(true); Integer sum = (Integer)printSumMethod.invoke(bundleUtils, getApplicationContext(), 10, 20, "计算结果"); System.out.println("debug:sum = " + sum); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SecurityException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
[1].ClassLoader的工作原理
[2].PathClassLoader源码
[3].MultiDex源码
From: http://blog.csdn.net/nupt123456789/article/details/50411581