来自 http://blog.oracle.com.cn/index.php/233877/viewspace-5271.html
--该测试脚本可以直接运行
--现在想把数据库中数据按照固定字段分组相加,这里总结了三种方法。
--创建测试表、添加测试数据
create table test(id varchar2(10),mc varchar2(50));
insert into test values('1','11111');
insert into test values('1','22222');
insert into test values('2','11111');
insert into test values('2','22222');
insert into test values('3','11111');
insert into test values('3','22222');
insert into test values('3','33333');
commit;
--方法一:
set serveroutput on size 1000000
declare
union_mc varchar2(200);
begin
for cur_a in(select distinct id from test) loop
for cur_b in(select mc from test where id=cur_a.id) loop
union_mc:=union_mc||cur_b.mc;
end loop;
dbms_output.put_line(cur_a.id||chr(9)||union_mc);
union_mc := '';
end loop;
end;
/
--方法二:
CREATE OR REPLACE function link(v_id varchar2) return varchar2 is
union_mc varchar2(200);
begin
for cur in (select mc from test where id = v_id) loop
union_mc := union_mc || cur.mc;
end loop;
union_mc := rtrim(union_mc, 1);
return union_mc;
end;
select id,link(id) from test group by id;
/
--方法三:
/*从Oracle 9i开始,开发者可以创建用户自定义的合计函数,除了PL/SQL外,还可以使用任何Oralce所支持的语言(如C++或者Java)来创建合计函数。TYPE头定义必须包含ODCIAggregateInitialize、ODCIAggregateIterate、ODCIAggregateMerge和ODCIAggregateTerminate这四个接口函数。*/
/*Initialize函数对数据组各个需要处理的字段各运行一次。自然的,我需要为每一个值准备一个新的清单,所以需要初始化持久变量list,这里初始化值为null。*/
/*Iterate函数处理返回的行,所以实际上是由它来创建返回的值的清单。先测试list是否为空,如果为空,就把list直接设置为所引入的value值;如果list变量非空,则给list添加一个逗号后再插入value值,list的最大允许字符数32767。*/
/*Terminate函数在数据组的每个行的感兴趣字段数据被处理后执行。在这个函数中我只需简单的返回清单变量即可。*/
/*Merge函数,用来返回成功标记的。*/
/*创建自己的合计函数扩展了Oracle统计和文本处理能力。*/
create or replace type t_cat as object
(
union_mc VARCHAR2(200),
static function ODCIAggregateInitialize(sctx IN OUT t_cat) return number,
member function ODCIAggregateIterate(self IN OUT t_cat,
value IN varchar2) return number,
member function ODCIAggregateTerminate(self IN t_cat,
returnValue OUT varchar2,
flags IN number)
return number,
member function ODCIAggregateMerge(self IN OUT t_cat, ctx2 IN t_cat)
return number
)
;
create or replace type body t_cat is static function ODCIAggregateInitialize(sctx IN OUT t_cat) return number is begin sctx := t_cat(''); return ODCIConst.Success; end;
member function ODCIAggregateIterate(self IN OUT t_cat, value IN varchar2) return number is begin self.union_mc := self.union_mc || value; return ODCIConst.Success; end;
member function ODCIAggregateTerminate(self IN t_cat, returnValue OUT varchar2, flags IN number) return number is begin returnValue := self.union_mc; return ODCIConst.Success; end;
member function ODCIAggregateMerge(self IN OUT t_cat, ctx2 IN t_cat) return number is begin return ODCIConst.Success; end; end;
/
/*如果你的Oracle服务器没有配置成支持并行处理的方式,可以去掉参数PARALLEL_ENABLE*/
create or replace function catstr(v_mc varchar2) return varchar2
PARALLEL_ENABLE
AGGREGATE USING t_cat;
/
select id, catstr(mc) from test group by id;
方法四:
select id,
mc,
row_number() over(partition by id order by id) rn_by_id,
row_number() over(order by id) + id rn
from test;
/*
利用分析函数,构造两列,做为连接的条件:按照id分组,RN-1等于PRIOR RN作为条件连接。
ID MC RN_BY_ID RN
---------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
1 11111 1 2
1 22222 2 3
2 11111 1 5
2 22222 2 6
3 11111 1 8
3 22222 2 9
3 33333 3 10
*/
select id, ltrim(max(sys_connect_by_path(mc, ';')), ';') add_mc
from (select id,
mc,
row_number() over(partition by id order by id) rn_by_id,
row_number() over(order by id) + id rn
from test)
start with rn_by_id = 1
connect by rn - 1 = prior rn
group by id
order by id;
/*
另用sys_connect_by_path函数实现字符串的连接,把最左边的分号去掉,即得到我们想要的结果
ID ADD_MC
---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 11111;22222
2 11111;22222
3 11111;22222;33333
*/
select * from test;
方法四的另一种写法
估计类似的写法还有很多,这个和上一个不同在于用的没有带有start with(filter功能)的connect,并借助level和first_value来实现。
SELECT distinct id,
ltrim(first_value(mc_add)
over(partition by id order BY l DESC),
';')
from (SELECT id, LEVEL l, sys_connect_by_path(mc, ';') mc_add
from (select id || rownum rn, id || rownum - 1 rn_small, id, mc
from test)
CONNECT BY PRIOR rn = rn_small);
变换一下:(考虑id不是数字的情况)
select id, ltrim(max(sys_connect_by_path(mc, ';')), ';')
from (select id,
mc,
row_number() over(partition by id order by id) id1,
row_number() over(order by id) + dense_rank() over(order by id) id2
from test)
start with id1 = 1
connect by prior id2 = id2 - 1
group by id
order by id;