TOEFL(20160109)分析
----------------------------------------阅读-----------------------------------------------
R1：欧洲经济的衰退
全文逻辑
第一次工业革命后，欧洲各国的经济快速增长，相反，英国的经济在衰退。因为便捷的交通使得大量的外来品涌入国内的市场，使得国内的商品价格被拉低。此时，英国中产阶级不断地被重视，商人将中产阶级作为重视的群体，为其不断地改变营销策略。第二次工业革命，英国政府吸取了失败的教训，开始实行经济的管控。
R2：恐龙灭绝
全文逻辑
白垩纪时期，恐龙灭绝已经被大家广泛认可，此外还有很多的生物灭绝，比如浮游生物，陆生植物叶子的消失。导致的结果是，浮游生物食物链断裂，和陆生植物生物链断裂。进而导致繁殖周期变长。恐龙无法适应消失了，但是鳄鱼适应了，所以活了下来。
R3：语言的演变
全文逻辑
很多的语言都来自于同样一个母语，随着时间的推移发生了变化。他们的相似性体现了他们的同源性。并且举例相应的例子，包括正例和反例。科学家在探索的过程中发现，语言演变的过程受到很多因素的影响，体现了语言使用者的生活。
词汇
Durable adj. 持久的
Simultaneously 同时地
Hasten v. 加速
Recognized v. 识别
Case in point n. 好的例子
The course of change n. 改变的路线
Spontaneous 自发地
Barring v. 不包含
Courteous adj. 谦虚的
Dismiss v. 解雇
Incidence n. 发生率
Elevated adj. 高水准的
Readily adj. 轻易地
Closely adj. 紧密地
----------------------------------------听力-----------------------------------------------
C1：学生诗歌发表问题
全文逻辑
学生和老师探讨学生的诗歌能不能发表的问题。例子中讲到学生的爷爷，而且另外一个学生的诗歌的主题和该学生的差不多。目的是，老师建议学生把诗歌进行和当代的结合，并且要注意诗歌的节奏和重复性。
词汇
重复性 repetition
L1 ：美国和欧洲的舞台的布置的变化
全文逻辑
起先，美国和欧洲的舞台的布置场景特别注意还原所有叙述的场景，尝试完全照搬显示，例子中提及法国，目的在于说明他全力做到真实性。后来，背景变得很笨重，制作成本变得很高，就出现了自然主义，例子中，恢复莎士比亚的戏剧全貌，主要的核心在于演员而非道具。
L2：共生关系
全文逻辑
开头引入，细菌和人，鱼提供维他命K，引入了共生关系。例子中，讲到了琵琶鱼，头顶自带发光，光源可以吸引到猎物但是不会吸引到捕食者。另外一个例子中，浅水滩的鱼，细菌帮助他们改变颜色从而不会被捕食者发现。
词汇
琵琶鱼 angler fish
混合 blend
夜间的 nocturnal
共生关系 symbiosis
互利共生 mutualism
寄生关系 parasitism
偏利共生 commensalism
C2 ：学生毕业演讲问题
全文逻辑
学生被选择去毕业演讲，很骄傲。由于害怕，不敢上台，问能不能让人帮忙上台，答曰不行。另外还要准备个人陈述。此外，评选的过程还需要成绩单和推荐信等。
L3：太阳风
全文逻辑
解释了太阳风，以及太阳风对于地球等星球的影响，比如地磁场。分析太阳风速度等过程是很复杂的，引入一种新的工具，通过将太阳风的数据转化为有声的数据进行分析，教授对此表示非常的欣赏。
词汇
音效的 sonic
速度 velocity
有声的 acoustic
日冕 corona
L4: 考古学
全文逻辑
考古学上外皮有洞是人为的现象，因为自然情况下不会出现着这种情况。皮制的外壳比骨制的外皮更好，皮制的外皮通常用于战争中，骨制的外皮通常用于祭祀等活动中。
----------------------------------------口语-----------------------------------------------
S1：校园类
问题
The school allows students to keep pets in their dorms. Do you think it is good or not?
回答
Well, personally, I do not think dorm is a good place to raise pets. One important reason is that pets will result the fact that students in the dorm cannot have a good rest. Taking my dorm room for an example, last year, my roommate raised a hamster, a kind of animal like mouse. It always caused a lot noisy when I was slept. And fortunately, after donating the hamster to students animal union, I have a better sleep coz less noisy. So, that is why I think school should not allow students to keep pets in their dorms.
S2：文体类
问题
Do you agree or disagree that celebrities such as artists and athlete should be the role model for people?
回答
Well, personally, I agree with the statement that artists and athlete should be the role model for people. One important reason is that they are always famous and have strong influence on a vast number of people. Taking John Li for an example, he is an outstanding singer in my country, he has a strong mind state, and every time I meet some difficulties and want to give up, Eason would cheer me up and encourage me to carry on till I am succeed. He is a role mole of mine. So that is why I think artists and athlete should be the role model for people.
S3：学校建议
问题
学校建议：下一年开始需要实践面试。女生不同意。理由1：学生给面试，大家并不紧张。理由2：毕业太忙，没时间做其他的事儿。
回答
The university announces that interview practice is required for students next year. The woman disagree with this. One important reason is that interview by students is not really formal, no one would feel nervous to take it. Another important reason is that everyone is busy with their paper, on one has time to take the interview.
S4：生物类
问题
远洋的鱼：小时候在浅水滩成长，长大后到远洋中的鱼。例子中讲到了鲑鱼，小时候在浅水滩成长，长大后到远洋中。
回答
The professor talks about an academic term named seagoing fish, it means when fish is young, it lives in shallow water, when it grows up, it lives in sea. In the example, the professor takes salmon for an example, the young salmon lives in shallow water, and when salmon fish grows up, it lives in sea.
S5：计划冲突类
问题
男生遇到问题，即看音乐会和彩排冲突了。方法一：先去彩排然后去看音乐会，但是时间问题。方法二：不去彩排，因为小角色，没有意思。
回答
The man has a problem that he wants to go to a concert, but there is an audition he also want to go, while they are scheduled at the same time. There are two possible solutions, go the audition first and leave earlier to the concert, or go to the audition on the second day. Personally, I think he should choose the first solution, one important reason is that he can leave earlier, it does not really matter; another important reason is that if he goes to second-day audition, there are only few roles for him. So that is why I think he should choose the first solution.
S6：商业类
问题
家庭作坊的两个缺点，首先没有办法分清个人和公司，其次邻居不开心。
回答
The professor talks about two disadvantages about home based small business. The first is that business owners would mix their work and their personal life together. In the example, they might be working while preparing for food, or when someone is calling while their kids are crying, that may result the fact that customers cannot trust the business owners. The second disadvantage is that their neighbors might be unhappy towards the business owners since there will be people visiting, and parking space will be inconvenient.
----------------------------------------写作-----------------------------------------------
W1：环境类
问题
牙医使用水银，应该禁止使用。阅读：水银对身体有害；药用垃圾会造成环境污染；可以用金之类的贵金属来替代水银。听力：水银用量很少不会对人体危害；有设备可以从药用垃圾中分理出来水银；别的金属太贵了。
词汇
应该 ought to; must; should ; be supposed to; behoove
禁止 ban; prohibit; forbit; enjoin
使用 apply; employ; make use of; use
对…有害 harmful; hazardous; noxious; unhealthy; bad; evil
身体 body;
垃圾 garbage; rubbish; litter; trash; junk; waste; dump; dustbin
环境污染 environment contamination; pollute the environment; contaminate the environment
代替 replace; substitute; take place of
金属 metal
用量 dosage; use; requirement; quantity
少 a small quantity of; short; a spot of; light
设备 equipment; device; facility; implement
处理 handle; manage; deal with; dispose
贵 expensive; costly; high valued; valuable
W2：学习类
问题
Some people think that it is the best approach for students to learn if school starts the day at early time in the morning. But someone think school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.
词汇
教育质量 educating quality
无痛 indolence
负面影响 negative effects
自律的生活 keep a disciplined life style
课外时间 extracurricular time
研究 further exploring in study
在空闲时间 in spare time
提高生活和学习质量 enrich their life as well as promote themselves in learning
长远看来 in the long run
身心地 physically and mentally
高质量的生活 high quality of life