List vs IEnumerable vs IQueryable vs ICollection vs IDictionary

原文：http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/832189/List-vs-IEnumerable-vs-IQueryable-vs-ICollection-v

• IList vs IEnumerable vs IQueryable vs ICollection vs IDictionary
• IList vs IEnumerable vs IQueryable vs ICollection vs IDictionary - 494.3 KB

Collection

Set or group of records which makes one meaningful unit: In fetch and modification progress we need appropriate container to store them temporary in it. Appropriate container depends on: 1. Our action which we want to do on data ( just read, do modification such as insert, delete, etc ) 2. Number of records which should be transfer

Array

1. Fixed Length -> difficult to change the nember of count 2. Type Safe -> you determin its type at coding process (it has better performance due to do not consume time at run time to spesific type countainer ) 3. Use “for” keyword to fill and iterate through array Array is faster than Arraylist because it is fixed sized and srong type, so it needs less memory due to its data type and dimenssion is determined

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  //It is obvious that strArray is 
        //1. string   --> Strongly Type 
        //2. Sized=10 --> Fixed Size

        string[] strArray = new string[10];

        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            if (strArray[i]==null)
            {
                strArray[i] = (i+1).ToString();
            }
        }

        this.ListBoxArray.DataSource = null;
        this.ListBoxArray.Items.Clear();

        this.ListBoxArray.DataSource = strArray;
        this.ListBoxArray.DataBind();

ArrayList

1. It does not have spesific length -> It is possible to grow data , it is good feature because of at the first we are not likely to sure about length of collection 2. Arraylist does not have any spesific type and it will be determined at run time, its adbantage is when you are not sure about type of data untill in run time user detemines it, and its disadvantage is to reduce performance by consuming time , so use it just when you need it it is like var or object 3. Use “foreach” keyword for iterate through it

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public class Product
    {
        public Product()
        {
        
        }
        public Product(string Code, string Name)
        {
            _Code = Code;
            _Name = Name;
        }

		    public string _Code {get; set;}
            public string _Name { get; set; }
    }

ArrayList can accept string , integer and decimal at the same time

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        //It is NOT obvious that strArrayList is 1. string? int? object? decimal?  --> NOT Strongly Type 
        //                                       2. Sized=10? 20? 100?             -->NOT Fixed Size
        // Namespace: System.Collections

        System.Collections.ArrayList strArrayList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();
        //System.Linq.IQueryable  type of data is not specific runtime defered support
        strArrayList.Add("Mahsa");  //   "Mahsa": is string
        strArrayList.Add(1);        //        1 : is integer
        strArrayList.Add(0.89);     //      0.89: is decimal  

        this.ListBoxArrayList.DataSource = null;
        this.ListBoxArrayList.Items.Clear();
        this.ListBoxArrayList.DataSource = strArrayList;
        this.ListBoxArrayList.DataBind();

        System.Text.StringBuilder str= new System.Text.StringBuilder();

        foreach (var item in strArrayList)
        {
            str.Append(" , "+item);
        }
        this.lblArrayList.Text = str.ToString();
        
        //Below is old way to fill obj from product , in Arraylist you need to create more than one instance
       // Product objProduct = new Product();
       // objProduct.Code = "1001";
       // objProduct.Name = "Chair";

        //It is NOT obvious that strArrayList is 
        //1. string? int? object? decimal? OR OBJECT??  --> NOT Strongly Type 
        //2. Sized=10? 20? 100?                         -->NOT Fixed Size
        // Namespace: System.Collections

        System.Collections.ArrayList objArrayList = new System.Collections.ArrayList();

        objArrayList.Add(new Product("1001", "Chair"));
        objArrayList.Add(new Product("1002", "Sofa"));
        objArrayList.Add(new Product("1003", "Carpet"));

        this.DropDownListArrayListObject.DataSource = null;
        this.DropDownListArrayListObject.Items.Clear();
        this.DropDownListArrayListObject.DataSource = objArrayList;

        //* Finding among Object of Array List is difficult , you have to find your specific item by index
        Product objTemp = (Product)objArrayList[0];
        objArrayList.Remove(objTemp);
        //*
        this.DropDownListArrayListObject.DataTextField = "_Name";
        this.DropDownListArrayListObject.DataValueField = "_Code";
        this.DropDownListArrayListObject.DataBind();
        this.GridViewArrayListObject.DataSource = objArrayList;
        this.GridViewArrayListObject.DataBind();

HashTable

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 //It is NOT obvious that strArrayList is 
        //1. string? int? object? decimal? OR OBJECT??  --> NOT Strongly Type 
        //2. Sized=10? 20? 100?                         -->NOT Fixed Size
        // Namespace: System.Collections
        //Hashtable solve the problem in Arraylist when we are looking for specific item
        //Hashtable dedicate a key for each item, then finding item is easier and faster 

         System.Collections.Hashtable objHashTable = new System.Collections.Hashtable();
       
         objHashTable.Add("1001","Chair");
         objHashTable.Add("1002", "Sofa");
         objHashTable.Add("1003", "Carpet");

     
        this.DropDownListHashTable.DataSource = null;
        this.DropDownListHashTable.Items.Clear();
        this.DropDownListHashTable.DataSource = objHashTable;
        //* finding item is easier you just need to point to it by call its key 
        objHashTable.Remove("1002");
        //*
        this.DropDownListHashTable.DataTextField = "Value";
        this.DropDownListHashTable.DataValueField = "Key";
        this.DropDownListHashTable.DataBind();

Stack

Stack - Push

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 //Stack is LIFO: Last in First Out
        System.Collections.Stack objStackPush = new System.Collections.Stack();

        //By Push method you can insert item at the top of the stack
        objStackPush.Push("Mahsa");
        objStackPush.Push("Hassankashi");
        this.lblPop.Text = "";
        this.ListBoxStack.DataSource = objStackPush.ToArray();
        this.ListBoxStack.DataBind();

Stack - Pop

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          System.Collections.Stack objStackPop = new System.Collections.Stack();

        objStackPop.Push("Mahsa");
        objStackPop.Push("Hassankashi");

        //By Pop method you can remove item from the top of the stack --> Last in First in 
        this.lblPop.Text = objStackPop.Pop().ToString();

        this.ListBoxStack.DataSource = objStackPop.ToArray();
        this.ListBoxStack.DataBind();

Queue

Queue - Enqueue

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         //Queue is FIFO: First in First Out
        System.Collections.Queue objQueue = new System.Collections.Queue();

        //By Enqueue method you can insert item at the END of the Queue
        objQueue.Enqueue("Mahsa");
        objQueue.Enqueue("Hassankashi");
        objQueue.Enqueue("Cosmic");
        objQueue.Enqueue("Verse");

        this.lblQueue.Text = "";
        this.ListBoxQueue.DataSource = objQueue.ToArray();
        this.ListBoxQueue.DataBind();

Queue - Dequeue

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          System.Collections.Queue objQueue = new System.Collections.Queue();

        objQueue.Enqueue("Mahsa");
        objQueue.Enqueue("Hassankashi");
        objQueue.Enqueue("Cosmic");
        objQueue.Enqueue("Verse");

        //By Dequeue method you can remove item from the BEGINING of the Queue --> First in First out FIFO
        this.lblQueue.Text=objQueue.Dequeue().ToString();
       
        this.ListBoxQueue.DataSource = objQueue.ToArray();
        this.ListBoxQueue.DataBind();

List

Why we needList? 1. List does not have spesific length à It is possible to have data without knowing its size , it is good feature because of at the first we are not likely to sure about length of collection. 2. List has Spesific type so it is strong type, therfore it has better perfomance and high speed in comparison with ArrayList and reduce unwanted error in compile time. 3. Use “foreach” keyword for iterate through it.

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         //Like Array is Strong Type
        //Like ArrayList with No Dimension

        System.Collections.Generic.List<string> strList = new List<string>();


        strList.Add("Mahsa");
        strList.Add("Hassankashi");
        strList.Add("Cosmic");
        strList.Add("Verse");
       
        this.ListBoxListGeneric.DataSource = strList;
        this.ListBoxListGeneric.DataBind();

        System.Text.StringBuilder str = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

        foreach (var item in strList)
        {
            str.Append(" , " + item);
        }
        this.lblList.Text = str.ToString();

IList

Why we need IList? Ilist is an interface of list (does everything that List does) and to observe polymorphism in order to decouple and control on add or remove method that implement on the client side, everything else are similar to List. Whenever we want to change on some operation “IList” allow us to do that easily with at least changing in the whole of codes. Ilist can not be instantiate from Ilist , so it should be instantiate from List

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System.Collections.Generic.IList<string> strIList = new List<string>();

 

Difference between Abstract and Interface

1.Abstract inherit from just one class but Interface implements from one or more interfaces 2.Abstract can have non concrete method (expand method) but you have to define just signature inside interface 3.Inside Abstract class you can define variable and value but you are not allowed to define variable inside interface 4.An abstract class can have constructor but inside interface you are not allowed to define constructor 5.You can write scope for member of interface, red ones donot allow but blue one allow Ilist is an interface and as I mentioned that how a class cannot be driven from two class it just can be driven from only one class, so whenever you want to drive from two class it is not possible to inherit from two abstract class but it is possible to drive from one class and another one Ilist as interface Later in future you decide add some features on your class and inherit it from another class So because of this reason we always prefer to use interface of collection so that if you want to change your code and enhance its abilities it is possible to grow it On the otherhand interface keeps your program extensible and Decouple: The classes are independent from each other error, exeption and failur will happen rarly in future changing code Polymorphism: When you are using interface you absolutly observe and do polymorphism and oop it means encapsulate your designer Interface means a point or a node to join two part to eachother it means making low dependency from two part and make a joint section to make felxible chang in future

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        //Ilist can not be instantiate from Ilist , so it should be instantiate from List
        System.Collections.Generic.IList<string> strIList = new List<string>();

        strIList.Add("Mahsa");
        strIList.Add("Hassankashi");
        strIList.Add("Cosmic");
        strIList.Add("Verse");

        
        this.ListBoxListGeneric.DataSource = strIList;
        this.ListBoxListGeneric.DataBind();

        System.Text.StringBuilder str = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

        foreach (var item in strIList)
        {
            str.Append(" , " + item);
        }
        this.lblList.Text = str.ToString();

IList is similar to List but with this difference that we prefer to use INTERFACE instead of abstract in programming because future changing is easy

IEnumerable

IEnumerable is suitable just for iterate through collection and you can not modify (Add or Remove) it IEnumerable bring ALL data from server to client then filter them, assume that you have a lot of records so IEnumerable puts overhead on your memory

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 //IEnumerable can not be instantiate from Enumerable , so it should be instantiate from List
        System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable<Employee> empIEnumerable = new List<Employee>
        {   new Employee { ID = 1001, Name="Mahsa"},
            new Employee { ID = 1002, Name = "Hassankashi" },
            new Employee { ID = 1003, Name = "CosmicVerse" },
            new Employee { ID = 1004, Name = "Technical" }
        };


        this.GridViewIEnumerable.DataSource = empIEnumerable;
        this.GridViewIEnumerable.DataBind();

        System.Text.StringBuilder str = new System.Text.StringBuilder();

        foreach (Employee item in empIEnumerable)
        {
            str.Append(" , " + item.ID +"-"+item.Name);
        }

        this.lblIEnumerable.Text = str.ToString();

IQueryable

Follow "Entity Framework DatabaseFirst" from this article for making DBContext

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DataAccessEntities ctx = new DataAccessEntities();
        var ctx = new DataAccessEntities();
    

Data Access

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         //Difference between IQueryable and IEnumerable

        //You can instantiate IEnumerable from List

        IEnumerable<Employee> queryIEnumerable = new List<Employee>() ;


        //Bring  ALL records from server --> to client then filter collection

        queryIEnumerable = (from m in ctx.Employees
                     where m.ID == 1
                     select m).ToList();




        //You can not instantiate IQueryable

        IQueryable<Employee> queryIQueryable=null;

        //Bring just ONE record from server --> to client

        queryIQueryable = (from m in ctx.Employees
                     where m.ID == 1
                     select m);


        this.GridViewIQueryable.DataSource = queryIQueryable.ToList();
        this.GridViewIQueryable.DataBind();

ICollection

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           //IList {indexer and Modify} vs ICollection {randomly and Modify}         
        //Collection can not be instantiate from ICollection , so it should be instantiate from List
        System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<string> strICollection = new List<string>();
        strICollection.Add("Mahsa");
        strICollection.Add("Hassankashi");
        //**Countable
        int ICollectionCount=strICollection.Count;

        this.ListBoxICollection.DataSource = strICollection;
        this.ListBoxICollection.DataBind();
        System.Text.StringBuilder str = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
        foreach (var item in strICollection)
        {
            str.Append(" , " + item);
        }
        this.lblICollection.Text = str.ToString();
        
        //***IList
        System.Collections.Generic.IList<Employee> objIList = new List<Employee>();
        objIList = (from m in ctx.Employees
                    select m).ToList();
       
       Employee obj = objIList.Where(i => i.Name == "Sara").FirstOrDefault();
       int indexofSara= objIList.IndexOf(obj);
       int cIList = objIList.Count;

        //***ICollection
        System.Collections.Generic.ICollection<Employee> objICollection = new List<Employee>();
        objICollection = (from m in ctx.Employees
                          select m).ToList();
        Employee objIC = objICollection.Where(i => i.Name == "Sara").FirstOrDefault();
        //You can not get index of object , if you clear comment from below code appears error
       // int indexofSaraICollection = objIC.IndexOf(objIC);
        int cICollection = objICollection.Count;

Dictionary

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        //Dictionary can instantiate from Dictionary , Dictionary is similar to Hashtable, 
        //Dictionary is GENERIC but Hashtable is NON GENERIC
        //Such Hashtable you can find object by its key

        System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary<int, string=""> objDictionary = new Dictionary<int, string="">();

        objDictionary.Add(1001, "Mahsa");
        objDictionary.Add(1002, "Hassankashi");
        objDictionary.Add(1003, "Cosmicverse");

        string str = objDictionary[1002];

        this.ListBoxDictionary.DataSource = objDictionary;
        this.ListBoxDictionary.DataBind();</int,></int,>

MVC Tutorial: http://technical.cosmicverse.info/Article/Index/3

Data Access Layer Tutorial: http://technical.cosmicverse.info/Article/Index/4

References

http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/732425/IEnumerable-Vs-IQueryable

http://www.dotnet-tricks.com/Tutorial/linq/I8SY160612-IEnumerable-VS-IQueryable.html

http://www.claudiobernasconi.ch/2013/07/22/when-to-use-ienumerable-icollection-ilist-and-list