Nginx动静分离经典案例配置

随着Nginx高性能Web服务器大量被使用,目前Nginx最新稳定版为1.2.6,张宴兄在实际应用中大量使用Nginx,并分享Nginx高性能Web服务器知识,使得Nginx在国内也是飞速的发展。那今天咱们再来温习一下Nginx 动静分离知识,这里仅供参考。

一、实践环境:

  1. 系统版本:CentOS6.0 X86_64
  2. Nginx版本:Nginx-1.2.6
  3. Tomcat版本:Tomcat-6.0.18

二、Nginx安装:

实际环境中安装Nginx,首先需要安装pcre库,然后再安装Nginx:

  1. #安装pcre支持rewrite库,也可以安装源码,注*安装源码时,指定pcre路径为解压源码的路径,而不是编译后的路径,否则会报错。
  2. yum install pcre-devel pcre -y
  3. #下载Nginx源码包
  4. cd /usr/src ;wget -c http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
  5. #解压Nginx源码包
  6. tar -xzf nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
  7. #进入解压目录,然后sed修改Nginx版本信息为TDTWS
  8. cd nginx-1.2.6 ; sed -i -e 's/1.2.6//g' -e 's/nginx\//TDTWS/g' -e 's/"NGINX"/"TDTWS"/g' src/core/nginx.h
  9. #预编译Nginx
  10. ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
  11. #.configure预编译成功后,执行make命令进行编译
  12. make
  13. #make执行成功后,执行make install 正式安装
  14. make install
  15. #自此Nginx安装完毕!!!

三、配置Nginx:

这里鉴于我的51CTO博客已经有Tomcat安装和配置了,这里忽略,只配置Nginx。

  1. #进入Nginx应用目录
  2. cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
  3. #备份原nginx.conf文件
  4. mv nginx.conf nginx.bak

创建 vi nginx.conf ,并写入如下内容:

  1. user www www;
  2. worker_processes 8;
  3. worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
  4. pid /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
  5. worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;
  6. events
  7. {
  8. use epoll;
  9. worker_connections 102400;
  10. }
  11. http
  12. {
  13. include mime.types;
  14. default_type application/octet-stream;
  15. fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
  16. charset utf-8;
  17. server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  18. client_header_buffer_size 4k;
  19. large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  20. client_max_body_size 300m;
  21. sendfile on;
  22. tcp_nopush on;
  23. keepalive_timeout 60;
  24. tcp_nodelay on;
  25. client_body_buffer_size 512k;
  26. proxy_connect_timeout 5;
  27. proxy_read_timeout 60;
  28. proxy_send_timeout 5;
  29. proxy_buffer_size 16k;
  30. proxy_buffers 4 64k;
  31. proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  32. proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  33. gzip on;
  34. gzip_min_length 1k;
  35. gzip_buffers 4 16k;
  36. gzip_http_version 1.1;
  37. gzip_comp_level 2;
  38. gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  39. gzip_vary on;
  40. ###2012-12-19 change nginx logs
  41. log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  42. '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  43. '"$http_user_agent" $request_time $remote_addr';
  44. #这里为后端服务器wugk应用集群配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可,tdt_wugk为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定
  45. #但必须跟vhosts.conf虚拟主机的pass段一致,否则不能转发后端的请求。
  46. upstream tdt_wugk {
  47. server 10.10.141.30:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  48. server 10.10.141.30:8081 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  49. server 10.10.141.31:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  50. server 10.10.141.31:8081 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  51. server 10.10.141.32:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  52. server 10.10.141.32:8081 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  53. }
  54. #这里为后端APP应用负载均衡配置,根据后端实际情况修改即可。tdt_app为负载均衡名称,可以任意指定
  55. upstream tdt_app {
  56. server 10.10.141.40:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  57. server 10.10.141.40:8081 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  58. server 10.10.141.41:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  59. server 10.10.141.41:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  60. server 10.10.141.44:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  61. server 10.10.141.45:8080 weight=1max_fails=2fail_timeout=30s;
  62. }
  63. #include引用vhosts.conf,该文件主要用于配置Nginx 虚拟主机
  64. include vhosts.conf;
  65. }

如上nginx.conf配置完毕,继续配置nginx虚拟主机,继续在当前目录创建vhosts.conf

vi vhosts.conf 内容如下:

  1. ####www.wuguangke.cn
  2. server
  3. {
  4. listen 80;
  5. server_name www.wuguangke.cn;
  6. index index.html index.htm;
  7. #配置发布目录为/data/www/wugk
  8. root /data/www/wugk;
  9. location /
  10. {
  11. proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
  12. proxy_set_header Host $host;
  13. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  14. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  15. proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk;
  16. expires 3d;
  17. }
  18. #动态页面交给http://tdt_wugk,也即我们之前在nginx.conf定义的upstream tdt_wugk 均衡
  19. location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
  20. {
  21. proxy_set_header Host $host;
  22. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  23. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  24. proxy_pass http://tdt_wugk;
  25. }
  26. #配置Nginx动静分离,定义的静态页面直接从Nginx发布目录读取。
  27. location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
  28. {
  29. root /data/www/wugk;
  30. #expires定义用户浏览器缓存的时间为3天,如果静态页面不常更新,可以设置更长,这样可以节省带宽和缓解服务器的压力
  31. expires 3d;
  32. }
  33. #定义Nginx输出日志的路径
  34. access_log /data/logs/nginx_wugk/access.log main;
  35. error_log /data/logs/nginx_wugk/error.log crit;
  36. }
  37. ##########chinaapp.sinaapp.com 2012-12-19
  38. server
  39. {
  40. listen 80;
  41. server_name chinaapp.sinaapp.com;
  42. index index.html index.htm;
  43. root /data/www;
  44. location /
  45. {
  46. proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
  47. proxy_set_header Host $host;
  48. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  49. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  50. proxy_pass http://tdt_app;
  51. expires 3d;
  52. }
  53. location ~ .*\.(php|jsp|cgi)?$
  54. {
  55. proxy_set_header Host $host;
  56. proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
  57. proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  58. proxy_pass http://tdt_app;
  59. }
  60. location ~ .*\.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$
  61. {
  62. root /data/www/app;
  63. expires 3d;
  64. }
  65. access_log /data/logs/nginx_app/access.log main;
  66. error_log /data/logs/nginx_app/error.log crit;
  67. }

四、部署测试:

后端配置好Tomcat服务,并启动,发布的程序需同步到Nginx的/data/www对应的目录,因为配置动静分离后,用户请求你定义的静态页面,默认会去nginx的发布目录请求,而不会到后端请求,所以这时候你要保证后端跟前端的程序保持一致,可以使用Rsync做服务端自动同步。

  1. #检查Nginx配置文件是否配置正确,提示Ok and successful表示正确,如下:
  2. [root@WEB-11-151 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
  3. nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
  4. nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
  5. #启动Nginx服务
  6. /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
  7. #查看Nginx进程是否启动
  8. ps -ef |grep nginx

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