由于近期正在开发一个通过蓝牙进行数据传递的模块,在参考了有关资料,并详细阅读了Android的官方文档后,总结了Android中蓝牙模块的使用。
1. 使用蓝牙的响应权限
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< strong > < uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.BLUETOOTH" /> |
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< uses-permission android:name = "android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" /> </ strong > |
2. 配置本机蓝牙模块
在这里首先要了解对蓝牙操作一个核心类BluetoothAdapter
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BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(); |
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//直接打开系统的蓝牙设置面板 |
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Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE); |
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startActivityForResult(intent, 0x1 ); |
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//直接打开蓝牙 |
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adapter.enable(); |
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//关闭蓝牙 |
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adapter.disable(); |
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//打开本机的蓝牙发现功能(默认打开120秒,可以将时间最多延长至300秒) |
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discoverableIntent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300 ); //设置持续时间(最多300秒)Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE); |
3.搜索蓝牙设备
使用BluetoothAdapter的startDiscovery()方法来搜索蓝牙设备
startDiscovery()方法是一个异步方法,调用后会立即返回。该方法会进行对其他蓝牙设备的搜索,该过程会持续12秒。该方法调用后,搜索过程实际上是在一个System Service中进行的,所以可以调用cancelDiscovery()方法来停止搜索(该方法可以在未执行discovery请求时调用)。
请求Discovery后,系统开始搜索蓝牙设备,在这个过程中,系统会发送以下三个广播:
ACTION_DISCOVERY_START:开始搜索
ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED:搜索结束
ACTION_FOUND:找到设备,这个Intent中包含两个extra fields:EXTRA_DEVICE和EXTRA_CLASS,分别包含BluetooDevice和BluetoothClass。
我们可以自己注册相应的BroadcastReceiver来接收响应的广播,以便实现某些功能
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// 创建一个接收ACTION_FOUND广播的BroadcastReceiver |
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private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { |
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public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { |
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String action = intent.getAction(); |
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// 发现设备 |
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if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) { |
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// 从Intent中获取设备对象 |
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BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE); |
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// 将设备名称和地址放入array adapter,以便在ListView中显示 |
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mArrayAdapter.add(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress()); |
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} |
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} |
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}; |
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// 注册BroadcastReceiver |
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IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND); |
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registerReceiver(mReceiver, filter); // 不要忘了之后解除绑定 |
4. 蓝牙Socket通信
如果打算建议两个蓝牙设备之间的连接,则必须实现服务器端与客户端的机制。当两个设备在同一个RFCOMM channel下分别拥有一个连接的BluetoothSocket,这两个设备才可以说是建立了连接。
服务器设备与客户端设备获取BluetoothSocket的途径是不同的。服务器设备是通过accepted一个incoming connection来获取的,而客户端设备则是通过打开一个到服务器的RFCOMM channel来获取的。
服务器端的实现
通过调用BluetoothAdapter的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法来获取BluetoothServerSocket(UUID用于客户端与服务器端之间的配对)
调用BluetoothServerSocket的accept()方法监听连接请求,如果收到请求,则返回一个BluetoothSocket实例(此方法为block方法,应置于新线程中)
如果不想在accept其他的连接,则调用BluetoothServerSocket的close()方法释放资源(调用该方法后,之前获得的BluetoothSocket实例并没有close。但由于RFCOMM一个时刻只允许在一条channel中有一个连接,则一般在accept一个连接后,便close掉BluetoothServerSocket)
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private class AcceptThread extends Thread { |
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private final BluetoothServerSocket mmServerSocket; |
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public AcceptThread() { |
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// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmServerSocket, |
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// because mmServerSocket is final |
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BluetoothServerSocket tmp = null ; |
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try { |
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// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the client code |
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tmp = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(NAME, MY_UUID); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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mmServerSocket = tmp; |
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} |
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public void run() { |
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BluetoothSocket socket = null ; |
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// Keep listening until exception occurs or a socket is returned |
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while ( true ) { |
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try { |
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socket = mmServerSocket.accept(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { |
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break ; |
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} |
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// If a connection was accepted |
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if (socket != null ) { |
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// Do work to manage the connection (in a separate thread) |
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manageConnectedSocket(socket); |
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mmServerSocket.close(); |
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break ; |
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} |
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} |
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} |
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/** Will cancel the listening socket, and cause the thread to finish */ |
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public void cancel() { |
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try { |
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mmServerSocket.close(); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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} |
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} |
通过搜索得到服务器端的BluetoothService
调用BluetoothService的listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(String, UUID)方法获取BluetoothSocket(该UUID应该同于服务器端的UUID)
调用BluetoothSocket的connect()方法(该方法为block方法),如果UUID同服务器端的UUID匹配,并且连接被服务器端accept,则connect()方法返回
注意:在调用connect()方法之前,应当确定当前没有搜索设备,否则连接会变得非常慢并且容易失败
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<strong> private class ConnectThread extends Thread { |
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private final BluetoothSocket mmSocket; |
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private final BluetoothDevice mmDevice; |
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|
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public ConnectThread(BluetoothDevice device) { |
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// Use a temporary object that is later assigned to mmSocket, |
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// because mmSocket is final |
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BluetoothSocket tmp = null ; |
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mmDevice = device; |
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|
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// Get a BluetoothSocket to connect with the given BluetoothDevice |
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try { |
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// MY_UUID is the app's UUID string, also used by the server code |
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tmp = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(MY_UUID); |
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} catch (IOException e) { } |
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mmSocket = tmp; |
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} |
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|
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public void run() { |
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// Cancel discovery because it will slow down the connection |
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mBluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery(); |
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|
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try { |
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|