SIP Proxy/B2BUA

B2BUA: Back-to-Back User Agent 背靠背用户代理
UAS 接收并处理请求和响应
UAC 产生发送请求和响应

Unlike a proxy server, it maintains dialog state and must participate in all requests sent on the dialogs it has established. Since it is a concatenation of a UAC and UAS, no explicit definitions are needed for its behavior. —— RFC3261

运行商常常为了不泄露其网络拓扑而多使用B2BUA,B2BUA可以提供点对点呼叫的增值业务能力或者多点呼叫控制能力,而其他的SIP服务器,比如Proxy就不能提供如此复杂的增值业务

B2BUA应用:
1. 3PCC 第三方呼叫控制
在线计费、呼叫转移、QoS、点击拨号等
2. IWF 互操作性的网络互连
Inter-Working Functions
支持不同的网络类型(IPv4/IPv6)和传输类型(TCP/UDP/SCTP/TLS)
3. 融入IMS网络
IMS标准中大量逻辑实体都是定义为B2BUA模式的,因为增值业务一般都是呼叫有状态的

SIP Proxy: an intermediary entity that mainly plays the role of routing

It decides about call routing and forking and also may apply policy and authorize certain calls to certain users. A SIP Proxy may not alter SIP messages and change message headers or body (except routing related headers such as Via). Additionally a SIP Proxy may not initiate disconnection of a call or creation of a call between 2 UAs.

区别:
1. B2BUA可以修改SIP消息,如Contact、SDP等,SIP Proxy最多只能修改Via等路由相关信息
2. B2BUA用来控制呼叫,穿越NAT等,Proxy主要用于转发和路由,不能发起或结束呼叫
3. B2BUA是呼叫有状态(Call Stateful),Proxy是事物有状态(Transaction Stateful)
Proxy只在SIP事务交互时(会话的开始和终结)保持状态,而并不是在整个呼叫中维护状态
4. SIP Proxy在安全性与可靠性方面略胜一筹,因为B2BUA会重写数据包核心,存在潜在弱点,
有受攻击的可能

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