依赖注入框架Autofac的简单使用

Autofac是一款IOC框架,比较于其他的IOC框架,如Spring.NET,Unity,Castle等等所包含的,它很轻量级性能上也是很高的。

于是,今天抽空研究了下它。下载地址:http://code.google.com/p/autofac/downloads/list

1)解压它的压缩包,主要看到Autofac.dll,Autofac.Configuration.dll,这也是本篇文章重点使用的Autofac的类库。

2)创建一个控制台工程,并且引用以上的DLL文件。创建一个数据库操作接口IDatabase.cs:

/// <summary>
/// Database operate interface
/// </summary>
public interface IDatabase
{
string Name { get; }

void Select(string commandText);

void Insert(string commandText);

void Update(string commandText);

void Delete(string commandText);
}

这里包含CRUD四种操作的方法。

3)创建两种数据库的操作类,SqlDatabase.cs以及OracleDatabase.cs:

public class SqlDatabase : IDatabase 
{ 
    public string Name 
    { 
        get { return "sqlserver"; } 
    }

    public void Select(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a query sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    }

    public void Insert(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a insert sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    }

    public void Update(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a update sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    }

    public void Delete(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a delete sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    } 
} 


以及

public class OracleDatabase : IDatabase 
{ 
    public string Name 
    { 
        get { return "oracle"; } 
    }

    public void Select(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a query sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    }

    public void Insert(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a insert sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    }

    public void Update(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a update sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    }

    public void Delete(string commandText) 
    { 
        Console.WriteLine(string.Format("'{0}' is a delete sql in {1}!", commandText, Name)); 
    } 
}



4)接着创建一个数据库管理器DatabaseManager.cs:

 
public class DatabaseManager 
{ 
    IDatabase _database;

    public DatabaseManager(IDatabase database) 
    { 
        _database = database; 
    }

    public void Search(string commandText) 
    { 
        _database.Select(commandText); 
    }

    public void Add(string commandText) 
    { 
            _database.Insert(commandText); 
    }

    public void Save(string commandText) 
    { 
            _database.Update(commandText); 
    }

    public void Remove(string commandText) 
    { 
            _database.Delete(commandText); 
    }

}

5)在控制台中,编写以下测试程序:

var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); 
builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(); 
builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>(); 
using (var container = builder.Build()) 
{ 
    var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); 
    manager.Search("SELECT * FORM USER"); 
} 


运行结果:

分析:

这里通过ContainerBuilder方法RegisterType对DatabaseManager进行注册,当注册的类型在相应得到的容器中可以Resolve你的DatabaseManager实例。

builder.RegisterType<SqlDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();通过AS可以让DatabaseManager类中通过构造函数依赖注入类型相应的接口。

Build()方法生成一个对应的Container实例,这样,就可以通过Resolve解析到注册的类型实例。

同样地,如果你修改数据库类型注册为:

builder.RegisterType<OracleDatabase>().As<IDatabase>();

运行结果:

6)显然以上的程序中,SqlDatabase或者OracleDatabase已经暴露于客户程序中了,现在我想将该类型选择通过文件配置进行读取。Autofac自带了一个Autofac.Configuration.dll 非常方便地对类型进行配置,避免了程序的重新编译。

修改App.config:

<configuration> 
  <configSections> 
    <section name="autofac" type="Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler, Autofac.Configuration"/> 
  </configSections> 
  <autofac defaultAssembly="AutofacDemo"> 
    <components> 
      <component type="AutofacDemo.SqlDatabase, AutofacDemo" service="AutofacDemo.IDatabase" /> 
    </components> 
  </autofac> 
</configuration>


 

通过Autofac.Configuration.SectionHandler配置节点对组件进行处理。

对应的客户端程序改为:

var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); 
builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(); 
builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac")); 
using (var container = builder.Build()) 
{ 
    var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); 
    manager.Search("SELECT * FORM USER"); 
} 


运行结果:


7)另外还有一种方式,通过Register方法进行注册:

var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); 
//builder.RegisterType<DatabaseManager>(); 
builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac")); 
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>())); 
using (var container = builder.Build()) 
{ 
    var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>(); 
    manager.Search("SELECT * FORM USER"); 
} 


 

得到结果也是一样的。

8)现在我想通过一个用户类来控制操作权限,比如增删改的权限,创建一个用户类:

/// <summary> 
/// Id Identity Interface 
/// </summary> 
public interface Identity 
{ 
    int Id { get; set; } 
} 


public class User : Identity 
{ 
    public int Id { get; set; } 
    public string Name { get; set; } 
}


 

修改DatabaseManager.cs代码:

public class DatabaseManager 
{ 
    IDatabase _database; 
    User _user;

    public DatabaseManager(IDatabase database) : this(database, null) 
    { 
    }

    public DatabaseManager(IDatabase database, User user) 
    { 
        _database = database; 
        _user = user; 
    }

    /// <summary> 
    /// Check Authority 
    /// </summary> 
    /// <returns></returns> 
    public bool IsAuthority() 
    { 
        bool result = _user != null && _user.Id == 1 && _user.Name == "leepy" ? true : false; 
        if (!result) 
            Console.WriteLine("Not authority!");

        return result; 
    }

    public void Search(string commandText) 
    { 
        _database.Select(commandText); 
    }

    public void Add(string commandText) 
    { 
        if (IsAuthority()) 
            _database.Insert(commandText); 
    }

    public void Save(string commandText) 
    { 
        if (IsAuthority()) 
            _database.Update(commandText); 
    }

    public void Remove(string commandText) 
    { 
        if (IsAuthority()) 
            _database.Delete(commandText); 
    } 
}


 

在构造函数中增加了一个参数User,而Add,Save,Remove增加了权限判断。

修改客户端程序:

User user = new User { Id = 1, Name = "leepy" }; 
var builder = new ContainerBuilder(); 
builder.RegisterModule(new ConfigurationSettingsReader("autofac")); 
builder.RegisterInstance(user).As<User>(); 
builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>(), c.Resolve<User>()));

using (var container = builder.Build()) 
{ 
    var manager = container.Resolve<DatabaseManager>();

    manager.Add("INSERT INTO USER ..."); 
}


 

运行结果:

 
分析:

builder.RegisterInstance(user).As<User>();注册User实例。

builder.Register(c => new DatabaseManager(c.Resolve<IDatabase>(), c.Resolve<User>()));通过Lampda表达式注册DatabaseManager实例。

如果这里我修改User的属性值:

User user = new User { Id = 2, Name = "zhangsan" };

运行结果:

 

说明该用户无权限操作。

 

原作者源码下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/liuweitoo/4747173

本人写的源码(将数据库部分分解到多个类库)下载:http://download.csdn.net/detail/liuweitoo/4747257 

 

转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/liping13599168/archive/2011/07/16/2108209.html

 

 

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