Linux 下进行 OCCI ( Oracle C++ Call Interface ) 开发

Linux 下进行 OCCI ( Oracle C++ Call Interface )  开发

Oracle 调用接口 (Orale Call Interface,OCI) 是最全面、性能最高、基于原生“C”语言的 Oracle 数据库接口,它可以提供 Oracle 数据库的全部功能。

OCI 为构建各种语言专用接口(如 Oracle JDBC-OCI、ODP.Net、Oracle 预编译器、Oracle ODBC 和 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI)驱动程序)提供了基础。

使用C/C++操作Oracle数据库,我们经常采用 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) 来进行编程,下面介绍 Linux 下如何做 OCCI 开发.

要在Linux 下做 OCCI 开发,首先必须在开发机器上安装有 OCCI 相关库(包含开发所需的库和运行所需的库)和头文件, OCCI 库和头文件可以通过以下三种途径得到:

(i) 安装 Oracle 数据库引擎  (2) 安装 Oracle Client  (3) 安装 Oracle Instant Client.

其中,前两种方式下,

库所在位置一般是: /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib

头文件所在位置一般是: /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/

只要安装了Oracle数据库引擎或者客户端,库文件和头文件就能够很方便的得到。然而,通常我们的开发都是安装一台数据库服务器,然后在客户机器上做开发,所以安装Oracle数据库引擎不可取,鉴于安装Oracle Client也相对比较繁琐,我们采用第三种方式可以减少很多不必要的工作。尽管如此,我们还是有必要首先简单介绍在前两种方式下如何做OCCI开发。

(1) OCCI 开发方式一

     (i)编译

       编写好程序后,Makefile 定义相关变量,然后进行编译,例如:

       OCCI_HOME= /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1

       OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/rdbms/public/

       OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib

      default:

g++ *.cpp  -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR)  -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH)  -locci  -lclntsh

     (ii)运行

       编译完成后,运行程序,运行OCCI程序必须设置以下环节变量:

       export ORACLE_BASE=/sdb1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64
       export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1
       export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
       export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

     (iii) 附加问题

       若想将OCCI头文件和库文件拷贝到其它机器进行OCCI开发,则按如下步骤做,参照http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032 :

(1) 方法一:使用 Oracle 11.2.0.1 数据库软件中自带的 OCCI 相关库和头文件.
在一个安装好Oracle 11.2.0.1 R2 数据库的机器上拷贝occi相关头文件和库文件到目录 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include 和 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib 下, 
头文件:
mkdir  /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include
cp -r /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/*     /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include/
库文件:
mkdir  /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libocci.so.11.1    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libocci11.a    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.so    /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.a   /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/
cd /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib
创建3个软链接
ln -s libocci.so.11.1  libocci.so
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1   libclntsh.so
ln -s libclntsh.so libclntsh.so.10.1  
[root@localhost lib]# ll
总计 69764
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       17 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.11.1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       12 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48724689 01-07 12:58 libclntsh.so.11.1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11595642 2012-01-07 libnnz11.a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  7899997 2012-01-07 libnnz11.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1863334 01-07 12:50 libocci11.a
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root       15 01-07 13:33 libocci.so -> libocci.so.11.1
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  1260923 01-07 12:50 libocci.so.11.1

编译OCCI程序时使用如下选项:
OCCI_HOME=/opt/OCCI_11g_R2
OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/include
OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib
g++ *.cpp  -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR)  -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH)  -locci  -lclntsh  -lnnz11      # 注意要加上 lnnz11,libclntsh.so 中使用到了 libnnz11.so 中的函数.

编译成功!


(2) 安装 ORACLE Instant  Client 做 OCCI 开发

      (i) 安装ORACLE Instant  Client 

            安装请参见帖  http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7190035   或者 http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032

            包含 zip 安装 和 rpm 安装.  注意,做开发必须安装 basic、sdk 两个包.

            对于 zip 包.

            开发相关的头文件在:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include

            开发相关的库文件在:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.

            对于rpm包

            开发相关的头文件在:/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64

            开发相关的库文件在:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib

            安装完毕,进入库文件所在目录,创建如下2个软链接:
            ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so

            ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so

        (ii) 编译 OCCI 程序

             这里以zip安装为例, Oracle Instant Client 安装路径是:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.

             Makefile 按如下方式书写.

OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include
OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2

default:
    g++ -o test test.cpp DBwrapper.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh 
       

     (iii)运行

       编译完成后,运行程序,运行OCCI程序必须设置以下环节变量:

       export ORACLE_HOME=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2
       export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
       export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

       建议写一个脚本运行程序,在脚本中设置这些环境变量.

附:  示例代码

//
// File: DBwrapper.h
// Author: zhankunlin
// Date: 2011-12-6
// Desc: Operate database.
//

#ifndef DBOP_H
#define DBOP_H

#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
using std::string;
using std::map;
using std::vector;

#include "occi.h"
using oracle::occi::Environment;
using oracle::occi::Connection;
using oracle::occi::Statement;
using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
using oracle::occi::SQLException;

class DBwrapper
{
public:
	DBwrapper();
	DBwrapper(string confFilePath);
	DBwrapper(string user, string pwd, string conStr);
	~DBwrapper();
	void readConfFile();
	bool open(); 
	bool close();
	bool commit();
	void setSQL(string oneSQL);
	bool execSQL(string sqlStr, string op);
	bool execQuerySQL();
	Statement* getStatement();
 	ResultSet* getResultSet();
	bool execUpdateSQL();
	bool execBatchedUpdate();
	
	void generateSQL(map<string, string> oneSQLKV); /* generate one SQL string */	
//	vector<string> generateSQL(vector<map<string, string>> multiSql); /* generate multiple SQL string */	
	map<string, string> execSQL(string strSQL); /* execute one SQL string */
//	vector<map<string, string>> execSQL(vector<string> strSQLs); /* execute multiple SQL string */

private:
	Environment *env; /* in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/public/occiControl.h */
	Connection *conn;
	Statement *stmt;
 	ResultSet *rs;
	
	string strSQL;
	string user;
	string password;
	string conStr;

	string confFilePath;
};

#endif

//
// File: DBwrapper.cpp
// Author: zhankunlin
// Date: 2011-12-6
// Desc: Operate database.
//

#include "DBwrapper.h"

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
using std::string;
using std::map;
using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::ios;

#include <fstream>
using std::ifstream;

#include "occi.h"
using oracle::occi::Environment;
using oracle::occi::Connection;
using oracle::occi::Statement;
using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
using oracle::occi::SQLException;

DBwrapper::DBwrapper()
{
	this->confFilePath = "conf//server.conf";
	readConfFile();
}

DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string confFilePath)
{
	this->confFilePath = confFilePath;
	readConfFile();
}

DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string user, string pwd, string conStr)
{
	this->user = user;
	this->password = pwd;
	this->conStr = conStr;
}

void DBwrapper::readConfFile()
{
	ifstream configFile(this->confFilePath.c_str(), ios::in); 
	if( !configFile.is_open() ) {
		cout<< "Open file "<< this->confFilePath << " failed!" <<endl;
		return;
	}
	
	string line, name, value;
	int len=0, start=0;
		
	while( configFile >> line )
	{
		if( line.find('#') != string::npos ) /* annotation */
			continue;
		if( line.find("=") == string::npos ) /* not found = */
			continue;
		len=line.length();
		start=line.find("="); /* = 的下标 */
		name=line.substr(0, start);
		value=line.substr(start+1, len-(start+1));

		if(name == "db_user") {
			this->user = value;
		}

		if(name == "db_user_pwd") {
			this->password = value;
		}

		if(name == "db_con_str") {
			this->conStr = value;
		}

	}

        cout<< "--------  Read configure file   -------" <<endl;
	cout<< "file: " << this->confFilePath <<endl; 
        cout<< "db_user: " << user <<endl;
        cout<< "db_user_pwd: " << password <<endl;
        cout<< "db_con_str: " << conStr <<endl;
        cout<< "---------------------------------------" <<endl;
}

DBwrapper::~DBwrapper()
{
	
}

//
// Desc:
//   Open connection to Oracle database.
// Return:
//   true  -- Successful.
//   false -- Failed.
//
bool DBwrapper::open()
{
	try {
		env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::OBJECT);	
		conn = env->createConnection(user, password, conStr);
		stmt = conn->createStatement();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

//
// Desc:
//   Close connection to Oracle database.
// Return:
//   true  -- Successful.
//   false -- Failed.
//
bool DBwrapper::close()
{
	try {
		env->terminateConnection(conn);
		Environment::terminateEnvironment(env);
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

//
// Desc:
//   commit the operation.
// Return:
//   true  -- Successful.
//   false -- Failed.
//
bool DBwrapper::commit()
{
	try {
		conn->commit();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

void DBwrapper::setSQL(string oneSQL)
{
	strSQL = oneSQL;
}

/* generate one SQL string */	
void DBwrapper::generateSQL(map<string, string> oneSQLKV) 
{
	string oneSQL="";
	strSQL = oneSQL;
}

bool DBwrapper::execBatchedUpdate()
{
	try {	
		stmt->executeUpdate();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

bool DBwrapper::execUpdateSQL()
{
	try {	
		stmt->setSQL(strSQL);
		stmt->executeUpdate();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

bool DBwrapper::execQuerySQL()
{
	try {
		stmt->setSQL(strSQL);
		rs = stmt->executeQuery();
	} catch (SQLException ex) {
		cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage();
		return false;
	}
	return true;
}

ResultSet* DBwrapper::getResultSet()
{
	return rs;
}

Statement* DBwrapper::getStatement()
{
	return stmt;
}

//
// Desc:
//   execute SQL string.
// Parameters:
//   string sqlStr -- SQL string
//   string op -- it has only four value.
//                insert, update, delete, select
//
bool DBwrapper::execSQL(string sqlStr, string op)
{	
	if(!(op == "insert" || op == "update" || 
	   op == "delete" || op == "select")) {
		cout<<"SQL operation must be in 'insert, update, delete, select'!"<<endl;
		return false;	
	}
	strSQL = sqlStr;
	if(op == "select") 
		return execQuerySQL();
	else
		return execUpdateSQL();
}



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