Linux 下进行 OCCI ( Oracle C++ Call Interface ) 开发
Oracle 调用接口 (Orale Call Interface,OCI) 是最全面、性能最高、基于原生“C”语言的 Oracle 数据库接口,它可以提供 Oracle 数据库的全部功能。
OCI 为构建各种语言专用接口(如 Oracle JDBC-OCI、ODP.Net、Oracle 预编译器、Oracle ODBC 和 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI)驱动程序)提供了基础。
使用C/C++操作Oracle数据库,我们经常采用 Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) 来进行编程,下面介绍 Linux 下如何做 OCCI 开发.
要在Linux 下做 OCCI 开发,首先必须在开发机器上安装有 OCCI 相关库(包含开发所需的库和运行所需的库)和头文件, OCCI 库和头文件可以通过以下三种途径得到:
(i) 安装 Oracle 数据库引擎 (2) 安装 Oracle Client (3) 安装 Oracle Instant Client.
其中,前两种方式下,
库所在位置一般是: /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib
头文件所在位置一般是: /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/
只要安装了Oracle数据库引擎或者客户端,库文件和头文件就能够很方便的得到。然而,通常我们的开发都是安装一台数据库服务器,然后在客户机器上做开发,所以安装Oracle数据库引擎不可取,鉴于安装Oracle Client也相对比较繁琐,我们采用第三种方式可以减少很多不必要的工作。尽管如此,我们还是有必要首先简单介绍在前两种方式下如何做OCCI开发。
(1) OCCI 开发方式一
(i)编译
编写好程序后,Makefile 定义相关变量,然后进行编译,例如:
OCCI_HOME= /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1
OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/rdbms/public/
OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib
default:
g++ *.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh
(ii)运行
编译完成后,运行程序,运行OCCI程序必须设置以下环节变量:
export ORACLE_BASE=/sdb1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1
export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(iii) 附加问题
若想将OCCI头文件和库文件拷贝到其它机器进行OCCI开发,则按如下步骤做,参照http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032 :
(1) 方法一:使用 Oracle 11.2.0.1 数据库软件中自带的 OCCI 相关库和头文件. 在一个安装好Oracle 11.2.0.1 R2 数据库的机器上拷贝occi相关头文件和库文件到目录 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include 和 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib 下, 头文件: mkdir /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include cp -r /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/rdbms/public/* /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/include/ 库文件: mkdir /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libclntsh.so.11.1 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/ cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/lib/libocci.so.11.1 /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/ cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libocci11.a /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/ cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.so /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/ cp /sdd1/oracle/11gR2_database_X64/product/11.2.0.1.0/db_1/libnnz11.a /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib/ cd /opt/OCCI_11g_R2/lib 创建3个软链接 ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so ln -s libclntsh.so libclntsh.so.10.1 [root@localhost lib]# ll 总计 69764 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.11.1 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 01-07 13:33 libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 48724689 01-07 12:58 libclntsh.so.11.1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11595642 2012-01-07 libnnz11.a -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7899997 2012-01-07 libnnz11.so -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1863334 01-07 12:50 libocci11.a lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 15 01-07 13:33 libocci.so -> libocci.so.11.1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1260923 01-07 12:50 libocci.so.11.1 编译OCCI程序时使用如下选项: OCCI_HOME=/opt/OCCI_11g_R2 OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=$(OCCI_HOME)/include OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=$(OCCI_HOME)/lib g++ *.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh -lnnz11 # 注意要加上 lnnz11,libclntsh.so 中使用到了 libnnz11.so 中的函数. 编译成功!
(i) 安装ORACLE Instant Client
安装请参见帖 http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7190035 或者 http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/7184032
包含 zip 安装 和 rpm 安装. 注意,做开发必须安装 basic、sdk 两个包.
对于 zip 包.
开发相关的头文件在:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include
开发相关的库文件在:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.
对于rpm包
开发相关的头文件在:/usr/include/oracle/11.2/client64
开发相关的库文件在:/usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64/lib
安装完毕,进入库文件所在目录,创建如下2个软链接:
ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so
ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so
(ii) 编译 OCCI 程序
这里以zip安装为例, Oracle Instant Client 安装路径是:/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2.
Makefile 按如下方式书写.
OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2/sdk/include OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2 default: g++ -o test test.cpp DBwrapper.cpp -I$(OCCI_INCLUDE_DIR) -L$(OCCI_LIBRARY_PATH) -locci -lclntsh
(iii)运行
编译完成后,运行程序,运行OCCI程序必须设置以下环节变量:
export ORACLE_HOME=/root/linux-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64/instantclient_11_2
export NLS_LANG='simplified chinese'_china.ZHS16GBK
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
建议写一个脚本运行程序,在脚本中设置这些环境变量.
附: 示例代码
//
// File: DBwrapper.h
// Author: zhankunlin
// Date: 2011-12-6
// Desc: Operate database.
//
#ifndef DBOP_H
#define DBOP_H
#include<string>
#include<map>
#include<vector>
using std::string;
using std::map;
using std::vector;
#include "occi.h"
using oracle::occi::Environment;
using oracle::occi::Connection;
using oracle::occi::Statement;
using oracle::occi::ResultSet;
using oracle::occi::SQLException;
class DBwrapper
{
public:
DBwrapper();
DBwrapper(string confFilePath);
DBwrapper(string user, string pwd, string conStr);
~DBwrapper();
void readConfFile();
bool open();
bool close();
bool commit();
void setSQL(string oneSQL);
bool execSQL(string sqlStr, string op);
bool execQuerySQL();
Statement* getStatement();
ResultSet* getResultSet();
bool execUpdateSQL();
bool execBatchedUpdate();
void generateSQL(map<string, string> oneSQLKV); /* generate one SQL string */
// vector<string> generateSQL(vector<map<string, string>> multiSql); /* generate multiple SQL string */
map<string, string> execSQL(string strSQL); /* execute one SQL string */
// vector<map<string, string>> execSQL(vector<string> strSQLs); /* execute multiple SQL string */
private:
Environment *env; /* in $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/public/occiControl.h */
Connection *conn;
Statement *stmt;
ResultSet *rs;
string strSQL;
string user;
string password;
string conStr;
string confFilePath;
};
#endif
// // File: DBwrapper.cpp // Author: zhankunlin // Date: 2011-12-6 // Desc: Operate database. // #include "DBwrapper.h" #include<iostream> #include<string> #include<map> #include<vector> using std::string; using std::map; using std::vector; using std::cout; using std::endl; using std::ios; #include <fstream> using std::ifstream; #include "occi.h" using oracle::occi::Environment; using oracle::occi::Connection; using oracle::occi::Statement; using oracle::occi::ResultSet; using oracle::occi::SQLException; DBwrapper::DBwrapper() { this->confFilePath = "conf//server.conf"; readConfFile(); } DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string confFilePath) { this->confFilePath = confFilePath; readConfFile(); } DBwrapper::DBwrapper(string user, string pwd, string conStr) { this->user = user; this->password = pwd; this->conStr = conStr; } void DBwrapper::readConfFile() { ifstream configFile(this->confFilePath.c_str(), ios::in); if( !configFile.is_open() ) { cout<< "Open file "<< this->confFilePath << " failed!" <<endl; return; } string line, name, value; int len=0, start=0; while( configFile >> line ) { if( line.find('#') != string::npos ) /* annotation */ continue; if( line.find("=") == string::npos ) /* not found = */ continue; len=line.length(); start=line.find("="); /* = 的下标 */ name=line.substr(0, start); value=line.substr(start+1, len-(start+1)); if(name == "db_user") { this->user = value; } if(name == "db_user_pwd") { this->password = value; } if(name == "db_con_str") { this->conStr = value; } } cout<< "-------- Read configure file -------" <<endl; cout<< "file: " << this->confFilePath <<endl; cout<< "db_user: " << user <<endl; cout<< "db_user_pwd: " << password <<endl; cout<< "db_con_str: " << conStr <<endl; cout<< "---------------------------------------" <<endl; } DBwrapper::~DBwrapper() { } // // Desc: // Open connection to Oracle database. // Return: // true -- Successful. // false -- Failed. // bool DBwrapper::open() { try { env = Environment::createEnvironment(Environment::OBJECT); conn = env->createConnection(user, password, conStr); stmt = conn->createStatement(); } catch (SQLException ex) { cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage(); return false; } return true; } // // Desc: // Close connection to Oracle database. // Return: // true -- Successful. // false -- Failed. // bool DBwrapper::close() { try { env->terminateConnection(conn); Environment::terminateEnvironment(env); } catch (SQLException ex) { cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage(); return false; } return true; } // // Desc: // commit the operation. // Return: // true -- Successful. // false -- Failed. // bool DBwrapper::commit() { try { conn->commit(); } catch (SQLException ex) { cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage(); return false; } return true; } void DBwrapper::setSQL(string oneSQL) { strSQL = oneSQL; } /* generate one SQL string */ void DBwrapper::generateSQL(map<string, string> oneSQLKV) { string oneSQL=""; strSQL = oneSQL; } bool DBwrapper::execBatchedUpdate() { try { stmt->executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException ex) { cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage(); return false; } return true; } bool DBwrapper::execUpdateSQL() { try { stmt->setSQL(strSQL); stmt->executeUpdate(); } catch (SQLException ex) { cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage(); return false; } return true; } bool DBwrapper::execQuerySQL() { try { stmt->setSQL(strSQL); rs = stmt->executeQuery(); } catch (SQLException ex) { cout<<"Exception: Code - "<<ex.getErrorCode()<<", Message - "<<ex.getMessage(); return false; } return true; } ResultSet* DBwrapper::getResultSet() { return rs; } Statement* DBwrapper::getStatement() { return stmt; } // // Desc: // execute SQL string. // Parameters: // string sqlStr -- SQL string // string op -- it has only four value. // insert, update, delete, select // bool DBwrapper::execSQL(string sqlStr, string op) { if(!(op == "insert" || op == "update" || op == "delete" || op == "select")) { cout<<"SQL operation must be in 'insert, update, delete, select'!"<<endl; return false; } strSQL = sqlStr; if(op == "select") return execQuerySQL(); else return execUpdateSQL(); }