exp query 参数的格式

 

昨天需要按照条件导出一个表，再导入另一个数据库，很自然想到了 exp 的 query 参数，本来以为可以很顺利完成，结果 query 参数的格式怎么也写不对，因为时间紧迫，最后通过 dblink 直接插入了另一个数据库。今天回过头来再研究了一下，发现其实也不复杂，按照文档还是能很好的解决的。

希望导出测试表中日期为 2007-09-22 的一条数据：

SQL> select * from skytest;

       SID DT
---------- -----------------
         1 20070913 00:00:00
         2 20070914 00:00:00
         3 20070915 00:00:00
         4 20070916 00:00:00
         5 20070917 00:00:00
         6 20070918 00:00:00
         7 20070919 00:00:00
         8 20070920 00:00:00
         9 20070921 00:00:00
        10 20070922 00:00:00
        12 20070924 00:00:00

11 rows selected.

凭印象按照以下格式运行：

exp / tables=skytest file=test.dmp query=/"where dt=to_date(/'2007-09-22/',/'yyyy-mm-dd/')/"

结果报错：

ksh: syntax error: `(' unexpected

其实文档中讲得很清楚：

exp scott/tiger TABLES=emp QUERY=/"WHERE job=/'SALESMAN/' and sal /<1600/"

Note:
Because the value of the QUERY parameter contains blanks, most operating systems require that the entire strings WHERE job=/'SALESMAN/' and sal/<1600 be placed in double quotation marks or marked as a literal by some method. Operating system reserved characters also need to be preceded by an escape character. See your Oracle operating system-specific documentation for information about special and reserved characters on your system.

所有操作系统保留字符都要使用转义符号，看来 ( ) 也需要转义。

正确的写法：

oracle DBALNP01 > exp / tables=skytest file=test.dmp query=/"where dt=to_date/(/'2007-09-22/',/'yyyy-mm-dd/'/)/"

Export: Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production on Wed Sep 12 04:30:45 2007

(c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
Export done in US7ASCII character set and US7ASCII NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                        SKYTEST          1 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

简洁的写法：
如果环境变量设置合适，就不需要使用 to_date 函数了

oracle DBALNP01 > exp / tables=skytest file=test.dmp query=/"where dt=/'20070922/'/"

Export: Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production on Wed Sep 12 04:25:56 2007

(c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
Export done in US7ASCII character set and US7ASCII NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                        SKYTEST          1 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

任何 os 平台都适用的方法（推荐）：
以上两种方法并不一定适合其他操作系统，不过使用 parfile 就不用担心这些格式问题

oracle DBALNP01 > cat > test.par
tables=skytest
file=test.dmp
query="where dt=to_date('2007-09-22','yyyy-mm-dd')"

oracle DBALNP01 > exp / parfile=test.par

Export: Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production on Wed Sep 12 04:22:27 2007

(c) Copyright 2000 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle8i Enterprise Edition Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning option
JServer Release 8.1.7.4.0 - Production
Export done in US7ASCII character set and US7ASCII NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...
. . exporting table                        SKYTEST          1 rows exported
Export terminated successfully without warnings.

不需要任何转义符既简洁又可以在多种操作系统平台上通用，推荐使用这种方式。