应用程序配置文件中读取自定义配置节

有时候，我们需要在应用程序配置文件(app.config)或网站配置文件(web.config)中自定义一些信息，靠appSetting和connectionString不能满足需求。

首先在配置文件中添加configSections节，说明自定义配置节的名称，并制定读取方式（用什么处理程序来读取），这里我演示自定义处理程序读取，自定义处理程序必须实现IConfigurationSectionHandler接口

1.定义实体类Student

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;

namespace ConsoleApplication {

    public enum Gender {
        Female,
        Male
    }

    public enum Grade{
        G1,
        G2,
        G3
    }

    public class Student {
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public int Age { get; set; }
        public Gender Gender { get; set; }
        public Grade Grade { get; set; }
        public string Hobby { get; set; }

        public override string ToString() {
            return string.Format("我是{0}{1}，今年{2}岁，我喜欢{3}。",
                Name,
                Gender==Gender.Male?"男生":"女生",
                Age,
                Hobby);
        }
    }
}

2.定义自定义处理程序StudentSectionHandler来创建对象

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Configuration;
using System.Xml;

namespace ConsoleApplication {
    public class StudentSectionHandler : IConfigurationSectionHandler {
        public object Create(object parent, object configContext, XmlNode section) {
            List<Student> stuList = new List<Student>();
            try {
                foreach(XmlNode stuNode in section.ChildNodes){
                    Student stu = new Student();
                    foreach (XmlNode node in stuNode.ChildNodes) {
                        switch (node.Name) {
                            case "Name": stu.Name = node.InnerText; break;
                            case "Age": stu.Age = Convert.ToInt32(node.InnerText); break;
                            case "Gender": stu.Gender = (Gender)Enum.Parse(typeof(Gender), node.InnerText); break;
                            case "Grade": stu.Grade = (Grade)Enum.Parse(typeof(Grade), node.InnerText); break;
                            case "Hobby": stu.Hobby = node.InnerText; break;
                        }
                    }
                    stuList.Add(stu);
                }
            } catch (Exception ex) {
                throw ex;
            }
            return stuList;
        }
    }
}

3.配置文件中加入自定义信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <section name="Students" type="ConsoleApplication.StudentSectionHandler,ConsoleApplication,Version=1.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=null" />
    </configSections>
    <Students>
        <Student>
            <Name>Sonny.Lin</Name>
            <Age>30</Age>
            <Gender>Male</Gender>
            <Grade>G2</Grade>
            <Hobby>旅游</Hobby>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Name>Willim.Lin</Name>
            <Age>3</Age>
            <Gender>Male</Gender>
            <Hobby>玩、看电视</Hobby>
        </Student>
    </Students>
</configuration>

注意：
1.section中定义了Students（xml）节点，而Students中定义了两个Student，所以这个处理程序应该返回List<Student>类型；
2.处理程序的type一定要用强类型，“完整类名 ,  程序集名 , 版本信息 ,  区域信息 ,  公钥 ”，根据自己的不同名称需要更改；

4.测试程序入口

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Configuration;

namespace ConsoleApplication {
    class Program {
        static void Main(string[] args) {
            List<Student> stuList = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("Students") as List<Student>;
            if (stuList != null) {
                foreach (Student stu in stuList) {
                    Console.WriteLine(stu);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

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