一、简介:
Tomcat在高并发环境下处理动态请求时性能很低,而在处理静态页面更加脆弱。虽然Tomcat的最新版本支持epoll,但是通过Nginx来处理静态页面要比通过Tomcat处理在性能方面好很多。
二、下载安装:
下载nginx
http://nginx.org/en/download.html
下载解压后放到C:\nginx-1.0.4(官网这样要求的,不知道放其它盘有没有问题)
启动nginx.exe,然后在浏览器输入127.0.0.1即可
配置自己的项目测试
第二环节我们使用了默认的nginx.conf 。Nginx的配置文件都存于目录conf文件下,其中nginx.conf是它的主配置文件。
以下为我加上注释并配置的新的虚拟server]
- #运行用户
- #user nobody;
- #开启进程数 <=CPU数
- worker_processes 1;
- #错误日志保存位置
- #error_log logs/error.log;
- #error_log logs/error.log notice;
- #error_log logs/error.log info;
- #进程号保存文件
- #pid logs/nginx.pid;
- #等待事件
- events {
- #Linux下打开提高性能
- #use epoll;
- #每个进程最大连接数(最大连接=连接数x进程数)
- worker_connections 1024;
- }
- http {
- #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表
- include mime.types;
- #默认文件类型
- default_type application/octet-stream;
- #日志文件输出格式 这个位置相于全局设置
- #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- #请求日志保存位置
- #access_log logs/access.log main;
- #设定请求缓冲
- client_header_buffer_size 1k;
- large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
- #打开发送文件
- sendfile on;
- #tcp_nopush on;
- #keepalive_timeout 0;
- keepalive_timeout 65;
- #客户端上传文件大小控制
- client_max_body_size 8m;
- #打开gzip压缩
- #gzip on;
- #设定负载均衡的服务器列表
- #upstream mysvr {
- # #weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大
- # #本机上的Squid开启3128端口
- # #server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5;
- # #server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1;
- # #server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6;
- #}
- #第一个虚拟主机
- server {
- #监听IP端口
- listen 80;
- #主机名
- server_name localhost;
- #root
- #设置字符集
- #charset koi8-r;
- #本虚拟server的访问日志 相当于局部变量
- #access_log logs/host.access.log main;
- #日志文件输出格式
- #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
- # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
- # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
- location / {
- root html;
- index index.html index.htm;
- }
- #静态文件缓存时间设置
- #location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${
- # expires 30d;
- #}
- #静态文件缓存时间设置
- #location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${
- # expires 1h;
- #}
- #对本server"/"启用负载均衡
- #location / {
- # proxy_pass http://mysvr;
- # proxy_redirect off;
- # proxy_set_header Host $host;
- # proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- # client_max_body_size 10m;
- # client_body_buffer_size 128k;
- # proxy_connect_timeout 90;
- # proxy_send_timeout 90;
- # proxy_read_timeout 90;
- # proxy_buffer_size 4k;
- # proxy_buffers 4 32k;
- # proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
- # proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
- #}
- #设定查看Nginx状态的地址
- #location /NginxStatus {
- # stub_status on;
- # access_log on;
- # auth_basic “NginxStatus”;
- # auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;
- #}
- #error_page 404 /404.html;
- # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
- #
- error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
- location = /50x.html {
- root html;
- }
- # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
- #
- #location ~ \.php$ {
- # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
- #}
- # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
- #
- #location ~ \.php$ {
- # root html;
- # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- # fastcgi_index index.php;
- # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
- # include fastcgi_params;
- #}
- # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
- # concurs with nginx's one
- #
- #location ~ /\.ht {
- # deny all;
- #}
- }
- # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
- server {
- #多监听
- listen localhost:8666;
- #主机名
- server_name LIULJ2576;
- #WEB文件路径
- root E:/Portal;
- #默认首页
- index HomePage.html;
- #location / {
- # #这里相当于局部变量
- # root E:/Portal;
- # index HomePage.html;
- #}
- }
- # HTTPS server HTTPS SSL加密服务器
- #
- #server {
- # listen 443;
- # server_name localhost;
- # ssl on;
- # ssl_certificate cert.pem;
- # ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
- # ssl_session_timeout 5m;
- # ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
- # ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
- # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
- # location / {
- # root html;
- # index index.html index.htm;
- # }
- #}
- }
#运行用户 #user nobody; #开启进程数 <=CPU数 worker_processes 1; #错误日志保存位置 #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #进程号保存文件 #pid logs/nginx.pid; #等待事件 events { #Linux下打开提高性能 #use epoll; #每个进程最大连接数(最大连接=连接数x进程数) worker_connections 1024; } http { #文件扩展名与文件类型映射表 include mime.types; #默认文件类型 default_type application/octet-stream; #日志文件输出格式 这个位置相于全局设置 #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #请求日志保存位置 #access_log logs/access.log main; #设定请求缓冲 client_header_buffer_size 1k; large_client_header_buffers 4 4k; #打开发送文件 sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #客户端上传文件大小控制 client_max_body_size 8m; #打开gzip压缩 #gzip on; #设定负载均衡的服务器列表 #upstream mysvr { # #weigth参数表示权值,权值越高被分配到的几率越大 # #本机上的Squid开启3128端口 # #server 192.168.8.1:3128 weight=5; # #server 192.168.8.2:80 weight=1; # #server 192.168.8.3:80 weight=6; #} #第一个虚拟主机 server { #监听IP端口 listen 80; #主机名 server_name localhost; #root #设置字符集 #charset koi8-r; #本虚拟server的访问日志 相当于局部变量 #access_log logs/host.access.log main; #日志文件输出格式 #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #静态文件缓存时间设置 #location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)${ # expires 30d; #} #静态文件缓存时间设置 #location ~ .*\.(js|css)?${ # expires 1h; #} #对本server"/"启用负载均衡 #location / { # proxy_pass http://mysvr; # proxy_redirect off; # proxy_set_header Host $host; # proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # client_max_body_size 10m; # client_body_buffer_size 128k; # proxy_connect_timeout 90; # proxy_send_timeout 90; # proxy_read_timeout 90; # proxy_buffer_size 4k; # proxy_buffers 4 32k; # proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; # proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; #} #设定查看Nginx状态的地址 #location /NginxStatus { # stub_status on; # access_log on; # auth_basic “NginxStatus”; # auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd; #} #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration server { #多监听 listen localhost:8666; #主机名 server_name LIULJ2576; #WEB文件路径 root E:/Portal; #默认首页 index HomePage.html; #location / { # #这里相当于局部变量 # root E:/Portal; # index HomePage.html; #} } # HTTPS server HTTPS SSL加密服务器 # #server { # listen 443; # server_name localhost; # ssl on; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; # ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
#号为注释内容,我们在cmd下运行nginx
启动成功,出错的话,可以查询日志(日志路径是配置文件指定的,你可以修改存到其它位置)
访问一下第二个server 配置的localhost:8666地址,结果出现
三、Nginx可以通过以下两种方式来实现与Tomcat的耦合:
将静态页面请求交给Nginx,动态请求交给后端Tomcat处理。
将所有请求都交给后端的Tomcat服务器处理,同时利用Nginx自身的负载均衡功能进行多台Tomcat服务器的负载均衡。
下面通过两个配置实例分别讲述这两种实现
一、动态页面和静态页面分离的实例
这里假定Tomcat服务器的IP地址为192.168.12.130,同时Tomcat服务器开放的服务器端口为8080。Nginx相关配置代码如下:
- server {
- listen 80;
- server_name www.ixdba.net;
- root /web/www/html;
- location /img/ {
- alias /web/www/html/img/;
- }
- location ~ (\.jsp)|(\.do)$ {
- proxy_pass http://192.168.12.130:8080;
- proxy_redirect off;
- proxy_set_header Host $host;
- proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
- proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
- client_max_body_size 10m;
- client_body_buffer_size 128k;
- proxy_connect_timeout 90;
- proxy_send_timeout 90;
- proxy_read_timeout 90;
- proxy_buffer_size 4k;
- proxy_buffers 4 32k;
- proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
- proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
- }
- }
server { listen 80; server_name www.ixdba.net; root /web/www/html; location /img/ { alias /web/www/html/img/; } location ~ (\.jsp)|(\.do)$ { proxy_pass http://192.168.12.130:8080; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 10m; client_body_buffer_size 128k; proxy_connect_timeout 90; proxy_send_timeout 90; proxy_read_timeout 90; proxy_buffer_size 4k; proxy_buffers 4 32k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k; } }
在这个实例中,首先定义了一个虚拟主机www.ixdba.net,然后通过location指令将/web/www/html/img/目录下的静态文件交给Nginx来完成。最后一个location指令将所有以.jsp、.do结尾的文件都交给Tomcat服务器的8080端口来处理,即http://192.168.12.130:8080。
需要特别注意的是,在location指令中使用正则表达式后,proxy_pass后面的代理路径不能含有地址链接,也就是不能写成http://192.168.12.130:8080/,或者类似http://192.168.12.130:8080/jsp的形式。在location指令不使用正则表达式时,没有此限制。
2、多个tomcat负载均衡的实例
这里假定有3台Tomcat服务器,分别开放不同的端口,地址如下:
1
2
3
|
192.168
.
12.131
:
8000
192.168
.
12.132
:
8080
192.168
.
12.133
:
8090
|
Nginx的相关配置代码如下:
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|
upstream mytomcats {
server
192.168
.
12.131
:
8000
;
server
192.168
.
12.132
:
8080
;
server
192.168
.
12.133
:
8090
;
}
server {
listen
80
;
server_name www.ixdba.net;
location ~* \.(jpg|gif|png|swf|flv|wma|wmv|asf|mp3|mmf|zip|rar)$ {
root /web/www/html/;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http:
//mytomcats;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
client_max_body_size 10m;
client_body_buffer_size 128k;
proxy_connect_timeout
90
;
proxy_send_timeout
90
;
proxy_read_timeout
90
;
proxy_buffer_size 4k;
proxy_buffers
4
32k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
|
注意:在上面的第二配置下,NGINX是以源IP地址做HASH来选择后面的TOMCAT服务器的。如果nginx不是配置在最前面,比如配置在一个服务器后面,则它收到的HTTP请求源地址都是同一个,则达不到分流的目的。