WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准,通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块。在Android SDK中并没有提供调用WebService的库,因此,需要使用第三方的SDK来调用WebService。PC版本的WEbservice客户端库非常丰富,例如Axis2,CXF等,但这些开发包对于Android系统过于庞大,也未必很容易移植到Android系统中。因此,这些开发包并不是在我们的考虑范围内。适合手机的WebService客户端的SDK有一些,比较常用的有Ksoap2,可以从http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/downloads/list进行下载;将下载的ksoap2-android-assembly-2.4-jar-with-dependencies.jar包复制到Eclipse工程的lib目录中,当然也可以放在其他的目录里。同时在Eclipse工程中引用这个jar包。
具体调用调用webservice的方法为:
(1) 指定webservice的命名空间和调用的方法名,如:
SoapObject request
=
new
SoapObject(http:
//
service,”getName”);
SoapObject类的第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间,可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。
(2) 设置调用方法的参数值,如果没有参数,可以省略,设置方法的参数值的代码如下:
Request.addProperty(“param1”,”value”);
Request.addProperty(“param2”,”value”);
要注意的是,addProperty方法的第1个参数虽然表示调用方法的参数名,但该参数值并不一定与服务端的WebService类中的方法参数名一致,只要设置参数的顺序一致即可。
(3) 生成调用Webservice方法的SOAP请求信息。该信息由SoapSerializationEnvelope对象描述,代码为:
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope
=
new
SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11);
Envelope.bodyOut
=
request;
创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象时需要通过SoapSerializationEnvelope类的构造方法设置SOAP协议的版本号。该版本号需要根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。在创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象后,不要忘了设置SOAPSoapSerializationEnvelope类的bodyOut属性,该属性的值就是在第一步创建的SoapObject对象。
(4) 创建HttpTransportsSE对象。通过HttpTransportsSE类的构造方法可以指定WebService的WSDL文档的URL:
HttpTransportSE ht
=
new
HttpTransportSE(“http:
//
192.168.18.17:80
/
axis2
/
service
/
SearchNewsService
?
wsdl”);
(5)使用call方法调用WebService方法,代码:
ht.call(
null
,envelope);
Call方法的第一个参数一般为null,第2个参数就是在第3步创建的SoapSerializationEnvelope对象。
(6)使用getResponse方法获得WebService方法的返回结果,代码:
SoapObject soapObject
=
( SoapObject) envelope.getResponse();
以下为简单的实现一个天气查看功能的例子:
public
class
WebService
extends
Activity {
private
static
final
String NAMESPACE
=
"
http://WebXml.com.cn/
"
;
//
WebService地址
private
static
String URL
=
"
http://www.webxml.com.cn/
webservices
/
weatherwebservice.asmx
"
;
private
static
final
String METHOD_NAME
=
"
getWeatherbyCityName
"
;
private
static
String SOAP_ACTION
=
"
http://WebXml.com.cn/
getWeatherbyCityName
"
;
private
String weatherToday;
private
Button okButton;
private
SoapObject detail;
@Override
public
void
onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super
.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
okButton
=
(Button) findViewById(R.id.ok);
okButton.setOnClickListener(
new
Button.OnClickListener() {
public
void
onClick(View v) {
showWeather();
}
});
}
private
void
showWeather() {
String city
=
"
武汉
"
;
getWeather(city);
}
@SuppressWarnings(
"
deprecation
"
)
public
void
getWeather(String cityName) {
try
{
System.out.println(
"
rpc------
"
);
SoapObject rpc
=
new
SoapObject(NAMESPACE, METHOD_NAME);
System.out.println(
"
rpc
"
+
rpc);
System.out.println(
"
cityName is
"
+
cityName);
rpc.addProperty(
"
theCityName
"
, cityName);
AndroidHttpTransport ht
=
new
AndroidHttpTransport(URL);
ht.debug
=
true
;
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope
=
new
SoapSerializationEnvelope(
SoapEnvelope.VER11);
envelope.bodyOut
=
rpc;
envelope.dotNet
=
true
;
envelope.setOutputSoapObject(rpc);
ht.call(SOAP_ACTION, envelope);
SoapObject result
=
(SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
detail
=
(SoapObject) result
.getProperty(
"
getWeatherbyCityNameResult
"
);
System.out.println(
"
result
"
+
result);
System.out.println(
"
detail
"
+
detail);
Toast.makeText(WebService.
this
, detail.toString(),
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
parseWeather(detail);
return
;
}
catch
(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private
void
parseWeather(SoapObject detail)
throws
UnsupportedEncodingException {
String date
=
detail.getProperty(
6
).toString();
weatherToday
=
"
今天:
"
+
date.split(
"
"
)[
0
];
weatherToday
=
weatherToday
+
"
\n天气:
"
+
date.split(
"
"
)[
1
];
weatherToday
=
weatherToday
+
"
\n气温:
"
+
detail.getProperty(
5
).toString();
weatherToday
=
weatherToday
+
"
\n风力:
"
+
detail.getProperty(
7
).toString()
+
"
\n
"
;
System.out.println(
"
weatherToday is
"
+
weatherToday);
Toast.makeText(WebService.
this
, weatherToday,
Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
}