使用tkprof格式化sql_trace跟踪文件！

每次数据库出现问题，都是恨不得跑到数据库里面去看。sql_trace就可以帮助你实现这个目的！

SQL> show parameter user_dump_dest

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
user_dump_dest                       string      /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump

SQL> alter session set tracefile_identifier = 'mytest';

会话已更改。

SQL> alter session set sql_trace = true;

会话已更改。

SQL> select * from dual;

D
-
X

SQL> alter session set sql_trace = false;

会话已更改。

SQL> select spid from v$process where addr = (select paddr from v$session where sid = (select sid from v$mystat where rownum = 1));

SPID
------------
2608

然后到user_dump_dest目录就可以看见一个名字为“mytest”的trace文件。如果不定义trace文件的名字，还可以根据OS的pid来找到相应的trace文件。

[oracle@linux udump]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump
[oracle@linux udump]$ ll | grep mytest
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1616 10-29 11:00 orcl_ora_2608_mytest.trc

可以看一下trace文件的内容，一般是读不懂的：

[oracle@linux udump]$ cat orcl_ora_2608_mytest.trc
/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_2608_mytest.trc
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
System name:    Linux
Node name:      linux
Release:        2.6.18-164.el5
Version:        #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009
Machine:        i686
Instance name: orcl
Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1
Oracle process number: 15
Unix process pid: 2608, image: oracle@linux (TNS V1-V3)

*** 2011-10-29 11:00:09.654
*** ACTION NAME:() 2011-10-29 11:00:09.654
*** MODULE NAME:(SQL*Plus) 2011-10-29 11:00:09.654
*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2011-10-29 11:00:09.654
*** SESSION ID:(159.7) 2011-10-29 11:00:09.654
=====================
PARSING IN CURSOR #2 len=18 dep=0 uid=65 oct=3 lid=65 tim=1288923056302783 hv=942515969 ad='2993c0f8'
select * from dual
END OF STMT
PARSE #2:c=1000,e=1094,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=1,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=1288923056302774
EXEC #2:c=0,e=36,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=1,tim=1288923056303093
FETCH #2:c=2000,e=44416,p=2,cr=3,cu=0,mis=0,r=1,dep=0,og=1,tim=1288923056347551
FETCH #2:c=0,e=0,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,tim=1288923056348541
STAT #2 id=1 cnt=1 pid=0 pos=1 obj=258 op='TABLE ACCESS FULL DUAL (cr=3 pr=2 pw=0 time=44252 us)'
=====================
PARSING IN CURSOR #3 len=35 dep=0 uid=65 oct=42 lid=65 tim=1288923063019272 hv=310044142 ad='0'
alter session set sql_trace = false
END OF STMT
PARSE #3:c=1000,e=627,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,tim=1288923063019266
EXEC #3:c=0,e=16,p=0,cr=0,cu=0,mis=0,r=0,dep=0,og=0,tim=1288923063019346

但是oracle提供了一个工具tkprof来格式化trace文件的显示：

[oracle@linux udump]$ tkprof orcl_ora_2608_mytest.trc metest explain=u1/u1 sys=no

TKPROF: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 10月 29 11:21:16 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

[oracle@linux udump]$ cat metest.prf 

TKPROF: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on 星期六 10月 29 11:21:16 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Trace file: orcl_ora_2608_mytest.trc
Sort options: default

********************************************************************************
count    = number of times OCI procedure was executed
cpu      = cpu time in seconds executing 
elapsed  = elapsed time in seconds executing
disk     = number of physical reads of buffers from disk
query    = number of buffers gotten for consistent read
current  = number of buffers gotten in current mode (usually for update)
rows     = number of rows processed by the fetch or execute call
********************************************************************************

select * 
from
 dual

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Fetch        2      0.00       0.04          2          3          0           1
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
total        4      0.00       0.04          2          3          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1
Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS
Parsing user id: 65  (U1)

Rows     Row Source Operation
-------  ---------------------------------------------------
      1  TABLE ACCESS FULL DUAL (cr=3 pr=2 pw=0 time=44252 us)


Rows     Execution Plan
-------  ---------------------------------------------------
      0  SELECT STATEMENT   MODE: ALL_ROWS
      1   TABLE ACCESS   MODE: ANALYZED (FULL) OF 'DUAL' (TABLE)

********************************************************************************

alter session set sql_trace = false


call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Fetch        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
total        2      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Misses in library cache during parse: 0
Parsing user id: 65  (U1)



********************************************************************************

OVERALL TOTALS FOR ALL NON-RECURSIVE STATEMENTS

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
Parse        2      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Execute      2      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Fetch        2      0.00       0.04          2          3          0           1
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
total        6      0.00       0.04          2          3          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1


OVERALL TOTALS FOR ALL RECURSIVE STATEMENTS

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Execute      0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
Fetch        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------
total        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Misses in library cache during parse: 0

    2  user  SQL statements in session.
    0  internal SQL statements in session.
    2  SQL statements in session.
    1  statement EXPLAINed in this session.
********************************************************************************
Trace file: orcl_ora_2608_mytest.trc
Trace file compatibility: 10.01.00
Sort options: default

       1  session in tracefile.
       2  user  SQL statements in trace file.
       0  internal SQL statements in trace file.
       2  SQL statements in trace file.
       2  unique SQL statements in trace file.
       1  SQL statements EXPLAINed using schema:
           U1.prof$plan_table
             Default table was used.
             Table was created.
             Table was dropped.
      34  lines in trace file.
       6  elapsed seconds in trace file.

说明：

explain=username/password会在trace文件中添加sql的执行计划

Rows     Execution Plan
-------  ---------------------------------------------------
      0  SELECT STATEMENT   MODE: ALL_ROWS
      1   TABLE ACCESS   MODE: ANALYZED (FULL) OF 'DUAL' (TABLE)

explain=user/password 使用给定的连接参数连接到数据库，并为每条语句执行一次explain plan。

aggregate=yes|no 默认情况下，tkprof工具将所有相同的sql在输入文件中做合并，如果设置为no则分别列出每个sql的信息。

sys=no 在执行客户端sql的过程中，可能会引发执行一些sys用户的递归sql。sys=no就不是显示这些sql，这样查看trace文件更清晰。默认是sys=yes。

waits=yes/no 为所有sql语句提供一份等待信息的小结。

sort='(prsela,fchela,exeela)' 按照总体的物理磁盘读来展示SQL语句。