[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y httpd
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y php
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y php-mysql
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server
这里我启用的是event模型
[root@cs1 ~]# cd /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/ [root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# vim 00-mpm.conf #注释掉prefork,开起event #LoadModule mpm_prefork_module modules/mod_mpm_prefork.so LoadModule mpm_event_module modules/mod_mpm_event.so
MPM:多路处理模块
prefork:是多进程模型,每个进程响应一个请求;
worker:是多进程多线程模型,一个主进程生成多个子进程,每个子进程负责生个多个线程,每个线程响应一个请求;
event:事件驱动模型,每个线程响应n个请求;
查看模块是否存在,注意我安装的是httpd2.4
[root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/00-proxy.conf LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so
查看模块是否加载
[root@cs1 conf]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
[root@cs1 conf]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ServerRoot "/etc/httpd" #服务器根目录位置配置文件中没有使用绝对路径的地方,都认为是在该目录下 Listen 80 #监听在80端口 Include conf.modules.d/*.conf #加载/etc/httd/conf.modules.d/下的.conf文件,所有的模块都在其中 User apache #访问httpd是进程使用的用户和组 Group apache ServerAdmin root@localhost #管理员邮箱 ServerName cs1.xinfeng.com:80 #主机名 <Directory /> #限制用户的目录访问权限 AllowOverride none Require all denied </Directory> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" #url对应的根目录,这里cs1.xinfeng.com对应的就是这个目录 <Directory "/var/www"> AllowOverride None # Allow open access: Require all granted #all granted表示可无条件访问该目录 </Directory> <Directory "/var/www/html"> #用于设定在该目录中哪些特性可用。默认这里有个Indexes选项,作用是当浏览器访问该目录如果该目录下没有默认网页(如index.html),那么此时就会返回该目录下的文件名列表,所以建议取消掉 Options none AllowOverride None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule dir_module> #对指定的模块进行处理, DirectoryIndex index.php index.html </IfModule> <Files ".ht*"> #任意目录下,文件名符合.ht*的文件都会被禁止访问。 Require all denied </Files> ErrorLog "logs/error_log" #错误日志所在位置/etc/httpd/logs/error_log LogLevel warn #错误日志级别 <IfModule log_config_module> LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common <IfModule logio_module> # You need to enable mod_logio.c to use %I and %O LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\" %I %O" combinedio </IfModule> CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined #访问日志的格式和纪录位置 </IfModule> <IfModule alias_module> #ScriptAlias会将URL路径映射到指定目录,并且让该目录具有CGI脚本执行权限(因此CGI脚本都可放置在该目录下)。 ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/" </IfModule> <Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin"> #用于设定在该目录中哪些特性可用 AllowOverride None Options None Require all granted </Directory> <IfModule mime_module> #关于mime模块的设置 TypesConfig /etc/mime.types AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType text/html .shtml AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml AddType application/x-httpd-php .php #让apache能识别php格式的页面 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps </IfModule> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 #支持的编码格式为UTF-8 <IfModule mime_magic_module> MIMEMagicFile conf/magic </IfModule> EnableSendfile on #允许Apache使用系统核心支持的sendfile来传送文件给客户端 ProxyRequests Off #关闭正向代理 ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/html/$1 #把以.php结尾的文件请求发送到php-fpm进程 IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf #在/etc/httpd/conf.d目录下以.conf结尾的配置文件也会被读取 [root@cs1 ~]# httpd -t #检查语法 [root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# vim /var/www/html/index.php #创建一个php文件 <?php phpinfo(); ?> [root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# systemctl start httpd
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install php-fpm -y [root@cs1 ~]# vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #确保监听在9000端口 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 [root@cs1 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm [root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# getenforce #确保selinux关闭 Disabled [root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# iptables -F #清空防火墙规则 [root@cs1 conf.modules.d]# iptables -L
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y phpMyAdmin [root@cs1 ~]# yum install php-mbstring -y [root@cs1 libraries]# vim /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/libraries/config.default.php #编辑配置文件 $cfg['PmaAbsoluteUri'] = 'http://172.16.23.211/phpMyAdmin/'; #这里要填入phpMyAdmin所在的路径,这里也可以写成'http://cs1.xinfeng.com/phpMyAdmin/' [root@cs1 html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/phpMyAdmin.conf #修改一下几行 <Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/> AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> # Apache 2.4 <RequireAny> # Require ip 127.0.0.1 # Require ip ::1 Require all granted <Directory /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/setup/> <IfModule mod_authz_core.c> # Apache 2.4 <RequireAny> # Require ip 127.0.0.1 # Require ip ::1 Require all granted [root@cs1 ~]# vim /etc/phpMyAdmin/config.inc.php $cfg['blowfish_secret'] = '1342758687478692'; #这里必须要给一个随机数 [root@cs1 html]# ln -s /usr/share/phpMyAdmin /var/www/html/ #这是将phpMyAdmin链接至httpd的根目录 [root@cs1 ~]# systemctl restart php-fpm [root@cs1 ~]# systemctl restart httpd
进入http://172.16.23.211/phpMyAdmin/ 测试能不能打开
进入http://172.16.23.211/index.php 测试能不能打开
[root@cs1 ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@cs1 ~]# mysql MariaDB [(none)]> create database php; 创建一个叫php的数据库 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | php | | test | +--------------------+ MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on php.* to xxoo@'%' identified by '123'; #创建一个xxoo用户密码为123,授权给php库,授权范围为全网 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on php.* to xxoo@localhost identified by '123'; #授权范围本地 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; #刷新权限 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@cs1 ~]# service php-fpm restart [root@cs1 ~]# service httpd restart [root@cs1 ~]# service mariadb restart
[root@cs2 ~]# yum install httpd -y
[root@cs2 ~]# yum install php -y
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y php-mysql
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install php-fpm -y
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y phpMyAdmin [root@cs1 ~]# yum install php-mbstring -y
[root@cs2 ~]# wget [root@cs2 ~]# tar xvf latest.tar.gz [root@cs2 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg latest.tar.gz wordpress [root@cs2 ~]# chown root:root /root/wordpress #改权限 [root@cs2 ~]# chown root:root /root/wordpress/* [root@cs2 html]# cp -a /root/wordpress/* /var/www/html/ #将所有文件都复制到documentroot下 [root@cs2 html]# vim wp-config-sample.php #修改配置文件 #我直接使用了php数据库,你也可以根据需要自己创建 define('DB_NAME', 'php'); #数据库用户名xxoo define('DB_USER', 'xxoo'); #数据库密码123 define('DB_PASSWORD', '123'); #数据库位置,这里我安装的是本地,也可以指向其他有数据库的地址 define('DB_HOST', '127.0.0.1'); [root@cs2 html]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php [root@cs2 html]# service httpd restart [root@cs2 html]# service php-fpm restart
在phpmyadmin中给wordpress创建一个数据库,这里我创建的数据库是之前在mysql中创建的php,并且授权给了用户xxoo的
[root@cs2 ~]# yum install httpd -y
[root@cs2 ~]# yum install php -y
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y php-mysql
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y mariadb-server
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install php-fpm -y
[root@cs1 ~]# yum install -y phpMyAdmin [root@cs1 ~]# yum install php-mbstring -y
[root@cs3 ~]# wget [root@cs3 ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip [root@cs3 ~]# mkdir Discuz [root@cs3 ~]# unzip -d /root/Discuz/ Discuz_X3.2_SC_UTF8.zip [root@cs3 ~]# cp -a /root/Discuz/* /var/www/html/ [root@cs3 html]# chmod -R 777 /var/www/html/upload/*
这里因为后续我要用lvs做负载均衡,所以需要把documentroot改一下
[root@cs3 html]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/upload" <Directory "/var/www/html/upload"> ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*\.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/var/www/html/upload/$1 [root@cs3 html]# httpd -t Syntax OK [root@cs3 html]# rm phpmyadmin [root@cs3 html]# ln -s /usr/share/phpMyAdmin/ /var/www/html/upload/phpmyadmin [root@cs3 html]# service httpd restart [root@cs3 html]# service php-fpm restart [root@cs3 html]# service mariadb restart
改了之后的效果
#让服务器忽略来自客户端计算机的ARP广播请求,防止服务器回答来自客户端查找VIP的ARP广播 #接口可根据实际情况来定义,我这里用的本地回环接口 [root@cs1 ~]# vim set.sh #!/bin/bash case $1 in start) echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce echo 2 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce ;; stop) echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce ;; esac [root@cs1 ~]# bash set.sh start #将脚本传给另外wordpress和Discuz [root@cs1 ~]# scp set.sh 192.168.1.114:/root/ [root@cs1 ~]# scp set.sh 192.168.1.113:/root/ #修改lo接口的ip地址为VIP [root@cs1 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.1.33/32 broadcast 192.168.1.33 up #添加路由规则 [root@cs1 ~]# route add -host 192.168.1.33 dev lo:0
[root@cs2 ~]# bash set.sh start #修改lo接口的ip地址为VIP [root@cs2 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.1.33/32 broadcast 192.168.1.33 up #添加路由规则 [root@cs2 ~]# route add -host 192.168.1.33 dev lo:0
[root@cs3 ~]# bash set.sh start #修改lo接口的ip地址为VIP [root@cs3 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.1.33/32 broadcast 192.168.1.33 up #添加路由规则 [root@cs3 ~]# route add -host 192.168.1.33 dev lo:0
#安装ipvsadm工具 [root@lvs1 ~]# yum install -y ipvsadm #安装配置keepalived [root@lvs1 ~]# yum install keepalived [root@lvs1 ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak} [root@lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost #修改邮箱地址 } notification_email_from admin@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 #修改smtp地址 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_DEVEL } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state MASTER #设为主服务器 interface eth0 #端口为et0 virtual_router_id 51 #虚拟路由id为51 priority 100 #优先级为100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 68978103 #给以个随机数 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.1.33/32 #VIP地址 } } virtual_server 192.168.1.33 80 { #定义VIP delay_loop 6 lb_algo rr #lvs算法为rr lb_kind DR #lvs模式为DR nat_mask 255.255.255.255 #子网掩码 protocol TCP real_server 192.168.1.107 80 { #phpinfo的地址 weight 1 #权重为1 TCP_CHECK { #使用HTTP方式测试 connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 #检测80端口 } } real_server 192.168.1.114 80 { #wordpress的地址 weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 192.168.1.113 80 { #discuz的地址 weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } #将编辑好的keepalived.conf传给lvs2(192.168.1.111) [root@lvs1 ~]# scp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 192.168.1.111:/etc/keepalived/ #启动keepalived [root@lvs1 ~]# service keepalived start
#安装keepalived [root@lvs2 ~]# yum install keepalived #编辑刚才从director1传来的配置文件中的2项即可 [root@lvs2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP #这里改为BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 #这里将优先级改为99 #启动keepalived [root@lvs2 ~]# service keepalived start
#使用tcpdump抓包查看是否成功 [root@lvs1 ~]# tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 192.168.1.111 tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes 05:57:17.255964 ARP, Request who-has 192.168.1.111 tell 192.168.1.113, length 46 05:57:17.255975 ARP, Reply 192.168.1.111 is-at 00:0c:29:63:cc:d8, length 46 05:57:18.243218 IP 192.168.1.111.38941 > 192.168.1.113.80: Flags [S], seq 468244056, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 17008837 ecr 0,nop,wscale 5], length 0 05:57:18.243230 IP 192.168.1.113.80 > 192.168.1.111.38941: Flags [S.], seq 137965257, ack 468244057, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 45829659 ecr 17008837,nop,wscale 6], length 0 05:57:18.243417 IP 192.168.1.111.38941 > 192.168.1.113.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 17008838 ecr 45829659], length 0 05:57:18.243503 IP 192.168.1.111.38941 > 192.168.1.113.80: Flags [R.], seq 1, ack 1, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 17008838 ecr 45829659], length 0 05:57:20.563328 IP 192.168.1.111.44763 > 192.168.1.107.80: Flags [S], seq 1861279836, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 17011157 ecr 0,nop,wscale 5], length 0 05:57:20.563338 IP 192.168.1.107.80 > 192.168.1.111.44763: Flags [S.], seq 1361632953, ack 1861279837, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 45255624 ecr 17011157,nop,wscale 6], length 0 05:57:20.563500 IP 192.168.1.111.44763 > 192.168.1.107.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 17011158 ecr 45255624], length 0 05:57:20.563504 IP 192.168.1.111.44763 > 192.168.1.107.80: Flags [R.], seq 1, ack 1, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 17011158 ecr 45255624], length 0 05:57:20.917067 IP 192.168.1.111.57732 > 192.168.1.114.80: Flags [S], seq 950098347, win 14600, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 17011511 ecr 0,nop,wscale 5], length 0 05:57:20.917506 IP 192.168.1.114.80 > 192.168.1.111.57732: Flags [S.], seq 145530752, ack 950098348, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 45926618 ecr 17011511,nop,wscale 6], length 0 05:57:20.918642 IP 192.168.1.111.57732 > 192.168.1.114.80: Flags [.], ack 1, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 17011512 ecr 45926618], length 0 05:57:20.918650 IP 192.168.1.111.57732 > 192.168.1.114.80: Flags [R.], seq 1, ack 1, win 457, options [nop,nop,TS val 17011513 ecr 45926618], length 0 #查看ip是否配置成功 [root@lvs1 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:52:50:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.112/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.1.33/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:503e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #用ipvsadm查看规则是否添加成功 [root@lvs1 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 192.168.1.33:80 rr -> 192.168.1.107:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 192.168.1.113:80 Route 1 0 0 -> 192.168.1.114:80 Route 1 0 0 #我停掉192.168.1.112这台lvs1的keepalived服务实验一下 [root@lvs1 ~]# service keepalived stop #进入192.168.1.111查看 [root@lvs2 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:63:cc:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.111/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 inet 192.168.1.33/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe63:ccd8/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root #可以看到地址成功切换出去了
停掉192.168.1.107和192.168.1.113的httpd
停掉192.168.1.114和192.168.1.113的httpd
停掉192.168.1.107和192.168.1.114的httpd
测试成功
#配置网关 [root@cs1 ~]# route add default gw 172.16.23.10 [root@cs1 ~]# bash set.sh start
#配置网关 [root@cs2 ~]# route add default gw 172.16.23.10 [root@cs2 ~]# bash set.sh start
#配置网关 [root@cs3 ~]# route add default gw 172.16.23.10 [root@cs3 ~]# bash set.sh start
#打开路由转发 [root@lvs1 ~]# echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward [root@lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@lvs1 ~]# sysctl -p #开起第二个网卡 [root@lvs1 ~]#ifconfig eth1 up #配置keepalived [root@lvs1 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost } notification_email_from admin@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_1 } vrrp_sync_group VG_1 { #注意这里将DIP的别名和VIP定义为一个组,这样才能使两个地址同进退 group { VI_1 VI_2 } } vrrp_instance VI_1 { #这里定义VIP state MASTER interface eth1 virtual_router_id 53 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 68978103 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.23.33 } } vrrp_instance VI_2 { #这里定义DIP别名 state MASTER interface eth0 virtual_router_id 63 priority 100 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 68978103 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.23.10 } } virtual_server 172.16.23.33 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind NAT nat_mask 255.255.255.255 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.23.211 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 172.16.23.213 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 172.16.23.215 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } #启动keepadlived [root@lvs1 ~]# service keepalived start
[root@lvs2 ~]# echo "1">/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward [root@lvs2 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 [root@lvs2 ~]# sysctl -p [root@lvs2 ~]#ifconfig eth2 up [root@lvs2 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { root@localhost } notification_email_from admin@localhost smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id LVS_2 } vrrp_sync_group VG_1 { group { VI_1 VI_2 } } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP interface eth2 virtual_router_id 53 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 68978103 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.23.33 } } vrrp_instance VI_2 { state BACKUP interface eth0 virtual_router_id 63 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 68978103 } virtual_ipaddress { 172.16.23.10 } } virtual_server 172.16.23.33 80 { delay_loop 6 lb_algo wrr lb_kind NAT nat_mask 255.255.255.255 protocol TCP real_server 172.16.23.211 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 172.16.23.213 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } real_server 172.16.23.215 80 { weight 1 TCP_CHECK { connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 connect_port 80 } } } #启动keepalived [root@lvs2 ~]# service keepalived start
[root@lvs2 ~]# ipvsadm -L -n IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096) Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags -> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn TCP 172.16.23.33:80 wrr -> 172.16.23.211:80 Masq 1 0 0 -> 172.16.23.213:80 Masq 1 0 0 -> 172.16.23.215:80 Masq 1 0 0 [root@lvs1 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:52:50:3e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.25.24/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0 inet 172.16.23.33/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:503e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:52:50:48 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.23.10/32 scope global eth1 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:5048/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@lvs2 ~]# ip addr 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:63:cc:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.25.83/16 brd 172.16.255.255 scope global eth0 inet 172.16.23.33/32 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe63:ccd8/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:63:cc:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.16.23.10/32 scope global eth2 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe63:cce2/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #可以看到已经可以自由转换了
lvs-tun特点:
不修改请求报文的ip首部,而是通过在原有的ip首部(cip<-->vip)之外,再封装一个ip首部(dip<-->rip)
(1) RIP, DIP, VIP全得是公网地址
(2) RS的网关的不能指向DIP
(3) 请求报文必须经由director调度,但响应报文必须不能经由director
(4) 不支持端口映射
(5) RS的OS必须支持隧道功能
lvs-fullnat特点:
director通过同时修改请求报文的目标地址和源地址进行转发
(1) VIP是公网地址;RIP和DIP是私网地址,二者无须在同一网络中
(2) RS接收到的请求报文的源地址为DIP,因此要响应给DIP
(3) 请求报文和响应报文都必须经由Director
(4) 支持端口映射机制
(5) RS可以使用任意OS
lvs调度算法分为两类,一类为静态算法,一类为动态算法。
静态算法:根据算法本身进行调度
RR:轮询
WRR:加权的轮询
SH:实现session保持的机制;将来自于同一个IP的请求始终调度至同一RS
DH:将对同一个目标的请求始终发往同一个RS
动态算法:根据算法及各RS的当前负载状态进行调度
LC:最少连接数,那台连接数最少就调度哪台
WLC:加权最少连接数
SED:最短期望延迟
NQ:SED算法的改进;
LBLC:动态的DH算法;
LBLCR:带复制功能的LBLC算法;
tcpdump是一款抓包工具,用来监听指定网络接口的数据包流向
直接使用tcpdump会监听第一个网络接口的数据流向
选项:
-nn:直接以IP和端口号显示,而非主机名与服务名称
-i :后面接要监听的网络端口,例如eth0,lo等
-w :将监听的数据包结果储存下来,后面文件名
-c :监听的数据包数量,如果不接这个参数,tcpdump会持续不断的监听,直到输入ctrl+c为止
-A :数据包的内容以ASCII码显示,通常用来捉取网页数据包
-e :用mac地址来显示数据包
-q :仅列出较为简短的数据包结果,每一行的内容比较精简
-X :可以列出十六进制以及ASCII码的数据包内容,对于监听数据包内容很有用
-r :将之前存好的数据包文件读出来
关键字:
第一种是要监听的目标类型的关键字,主要包括host,net,port,如果不指定默认是host
第二种是确定传输方向的关键字,主要包括src(来源),dst(目标)
第三种是协议的关键字,主要包括fddi,ip,arp,rarp,tcp,udp
其他重要的关键字:gateway, broadcast,less, greater,
三种逻辑运算:
非:可以用not也可以用 !
与:可以用and也可以用&&
或:用or
#tcpdump -i eth0 -nn host 192.168.1.111 分析之前使用的这个命令 监听主机192.168.1.111的th0网卡所流过的所有数据包,显示数据包的ip和端口