将自己开发的内核代码加入到Linux内核中,需要3个步骤:
1、确定把自己开发代码放入到内核合适的位置
将demo_chardev.c文件拷贝到.../drivers/char/目录下。
demo_chardev.c
#include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> /*结构体file_operations定义的头文件*/ #include <linux/fs.h> /*声明copy_to/from_user函数的头文件*/ #include <linux/uaccess.h> /*声明class_create 和device_create相关信息*/ #include <linux/device.h> #define DEMO_DEBUG #ifdef DEMO_DEBUG #define dem_dbg(fmt, arg...) printk(KERN_WARNING fmt, ##arg) #else #define dem_dbg(fmt, arg...) printk(KERN_DEBUG fmt, ##arg) #endif #define DEVICE_COUNT 2 /*记录当前驱动所占用的主设备号*/ static int major = 0; static int demo_open (struct inode *pnode, struct file *filp) { dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, imajor(pnode), iminor(pnode)); return 0; } static ssize_t demo_read (struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offp) { unsigned char ary[100] = "you are reading successfully!"; unsigned long len = min(count, sizeof(ary)); //min是个宏,用来获取两个数中较小的值 int retval; dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, imajor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode), iminor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode)); //file结构体的f_flags成员可用来判断是否阻塞读取,然后进行相应处理 if(copy_to_user(buf, ary, len) != 0){ retval = -EFAULT; goto cp_err; } return len; //成功返回实际传输的字节数 cp_err: return retval; } static ssize_t demo_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *offp) { unsigned char ary[100] = ""; unsigned long len = min(count, sizeof(ary)); //min是个宏,用来获取两个数中较小的值 int retval; dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, imajor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode), iminor(filp->f_dentry->d_inode)); if(copy_from_user(ary, buf, len) != 0){ retval = -EFAULT; goto cp_err; } printk("[msg]: writing context: %s\n",ary); return len; //成功返回实际传输的字节数 cp_err: return retval; } static int demo_release (struct inode *pnode, struct file *filp) { dem_dbg("[kern func]: %s major: %d minor: %d\n", __FUNCTION__, imajor(pnode), iminor(pnode)); return 0; } /*@定义file_operations结构体变量*/ static struct file_operations fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .read = demo_read, .write = demo_write, .open = demo_open, .release = demo_release, }; static struct class *demo_class; static int __init drvdemo_init(void) { struct device *demo_device; int i; int retval; dem_dbg("[msg]:this is a driver demo, in module initial function\n"); /*注册字符驱动函数,成功 返回动态分配好的主设备号,失败 *返回错误码(负值)*/ major = register_chrdev(0, "demo_chrdev", &fops); if(major < 0){ retval = major; goto chrdev_err; } /*创建设备类*/ demo_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"demo_class"); if(IS_ERR(demo_class)){ retval = PTR_ERR(demo_class); goto class_err; } /*创建设备文件,通知用户在“/dev/”目录下创件名字为demoX的设备文件*/ for(i=0; i<DEVICE_COUNT; i++){ //最多可创建255个设备节点(register_chrdev函数会申请0-254范围的从设备号) demo_device = device_create(demo_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL,"demo%d",i); if(IS_ERR(demo_device)){ retval = PTR_ERR(demo_device); goto device_err; } } return 0; device_err: while(i--) //设备节点创建的回滚操作 device_destroy(demo_class,MKDEV(major, i)); class_destroy(demo_class); //删除设备类 class_err: unregister_chrdev(major, "demo_chrdev"); chrdev_err: return retval; } static void __exit drvdemo_exit(void) { int i; dem_dbg("[msg]:in module exit function\n"); /*注销字符驱动函数,无返回值,major为已分配的主设备号*/ unregister_chrdev(major, "demo_chrdev"); /*删除设备节点和设备类*/ for(i=0; i<DEVICE_COUNT; i++) device_destroy(demo_class,MKDEV(major, i)); class_destroy(demo_class); } module_init(drvdemo_init); module_exit(drvdemo_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); //BSD/GPL双重许可证 MODULE_AUTHOR("hanbo"); //模块作者(可选) MODULE_DESCRIPTION("used for studing linux drivers"); //模块儿简介(可选)
2、把自己开发的功能增加到Linux内核的配置选项中,使用户能够选择此功能
vi drivers/char/Konfig 在文件结尾,endmenu的前面加入一个config选项
config DEMO_CHARDEV bool "demo_chardev driver for hanbo chardev boards" default y help this is CHARDEV driver for hanbo chardev boards.
3、构建或修改Makefile,根据用户的选择,将相应的代码编译到最终生成的Linux内核中去
make menuconfig(添加配置选项)(如果提示找不到“ncurses”库则执行命令: sudo apt-get install libncurses5-dev )
Device driver -->
character devices ->
[*] demo_chardev driver for hanbo chardev boards
4、vi drivers/char/Makefile 添加内容如下:
..........
obj-$(CONFIG_DEMO_CHARDEV) +=demo_chardev.o (添加)
obj-$(CONFIG_JS_RTC) +=js-rtc.o(自带)
js-rtc-y = rtc.o (自带)
5、make (更新内核镜像到开发板)
6、交叉编译测试程序,放到开发板运行
arm-linux-gcc-gcc test.c -o demo
test.c
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <string.h> int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int fd1 = 0, fd2 = 0; unsigned char buf1[100] = "I am a test program!"; unsigned char buf2[100] = {0}; int retval; //以读写、不阻塞方式打开设备文件 fd1 = open("/dev/demo0", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK); if(fd1 < 0){ perror("open /dev/demo1"); goto out; } //以只读、阻塞方式打开设备文件 fd2 = open("/dev/demo1", O_RDONLY); if(fd2 < 0){ perror("open /dev/demo2"); goto out; } //成功返回实际写入字节数,失败返回负值 retval = write(fd1, buf1, strlen(buf1)+1); if(retval < 0){ perror("writing fd1 failed!"); goto out; } printf("<user space>: write bytes: %d write content: %s\n", retval, buf1); //成功返回实际读取字节数,失败返回负值 retval = read(fd2, buf2, sizeof(buf2)); if(retval < 0){ perror("reading fd2 failed!"); goto out; } printf("<user space>: read bytes: %d read content: %s\n", retval, buf2); return 0; out: if(fd1 > 0) close(fd1); if(fd2 > 0) close(fd2); return -1; }
二、手动加载驱动 .ko文件
1、上面的demo_chardev.c文件放到内核下编译生成 .ko文件
Makefile
#如果已定义KERNELRELEASE,说明是由内核构造系统调用的 #可以利用内建语句 ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),) obj-m +=demo_chrdev.o #此时由内核构造系统调用 else #定义并记录内核源码路径 KERNELDIR = /home/hanbo/linux-2.6.35.7(自己源码路径,2.6.35.7指当前内核版本) #记录当前工程目录 PWD := $(shell pwd) default: $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules @rm -rf *.o .t* .m* .*.cmd *.mod.c *.order *.symvers endif clean: rm -rf *.ko *.o .t* .m* .*.cmd *.mod.c *.order *.symvers
2、 然后用命令加载 .ko 驱动
lsmod 列举当前系统中的所有模块
lsmod 列举当前系统中的所有模块
rmmod xxx 卸载指定模块(不需要.ko后缀)
3、如果自己编译的代码中没有用
/*创建设备类*/
demo_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE,"demo_class");
/*创建设备文件,通知用户在“/dev/”目录下创件名字为demoX的设备文件*/
demo_device = device_create(demo_class,NULL, MKDEV(major, i), NULL,"demo%d",i);
则需要手动添加设备节点
mknod /dev/demo1 c 主设备号 0
mknod /dev/demo2 c 主设备号 1
注意:若卸载时出现提示 rmmod:chdir(2.6.35.7):No such file or directory
则在开发板根文件系统下创建目录:/lib/modules/2.6.35.7(跟当前内核版本同名)