坑爹的命名空间。好难理解。错误之处,还请指出。
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1、为什么要使用命名空间。
A、不同用户之间的隔离。
B、让不同用户感觉自己在独占主机。
C、未完待补充。
2、什么是命名空间。
根据“命名空间”四个字,大致猜测,是根据不同的命名,将不同用户、不同组的进程从逻辑上互相区分开。
再看看书上的解释:命名空间只使用一个内核在一台物理计算机上运作,将所有全局资源都通过命名空间抽象起来。这使得可以将一组进程放置到容器中,各个容器彼此隔离。隔离可以使容器的成员与其他容器毫无关系。
3、命名空间怎么实现
命名空间的实现需要两个部分:每个子系统的命名空间结构,将此前所有的全局组件包装到命名空间中;将给定进程关联到所属各个命名空间的机制。
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我们来看看代码:
/* * A structure to contain pointers to all per-process * namespaces - fs (mount), uts, network, sysvipc, etc. * * 'count' is the number of tasks holding a reference. * The count for each namespace, then, will be the number * of nsproxies pointing to it, not the number of tasks. * * The nsproxy is shared by tasks which share all namespaces. * As soon as a single namespace is cloned or unshared, the * nsproxy is copied. */ struct nsproxy { atomic_t count; struct uts_namespace *uts_ns; struct ipc_namespace *ipc_ns; struct mnt_namespace *mnt_ns; struct pid_namespace *pid_ns; struct net *net_ns; }; extern struct nsproxy init_nsproxy; /* * the namespaces access rules are: * * 1. only current task is allowed to change tsk->nsproxy pointer or * any pointer on the nsproxy itself * * 2. when accessing (i.e. reading) current task's namespaces - no * precautions should be taken - just dereference the pointers * * 3. the access to other task namespaces is performed like this * rcu_read_lock(); * nsproxy = task_nsproxy(tsk); * if (nsproxy != NULL) { * / * * * work with the namespaces here * * e.g. get the reference on one of them * * / * } / * * * NULL task_nsproxy() means that this task is * * almost dead (zombie) * * / * rcu_read_unlock(); * */nsproxy结构体用于汇集指向特定于子系统的命名空间包装器的指针
看一下nsproxy操作函数:
1、creat_nsproxy函数
static inline struct nsproxy *create_nsproxy(void) { struct nsproxy *nsproxy; nsproxy = kmem_cache_alloc(nsproxy_cachep, GFP_KERNEL); if (nsproxy) atomic_set(&nsproxy->count, 1); return nsproxy; }这个函数很无趣,除了分配空间和设置count以外,什么也没有。
2、create_new_namespaces函数
/* * Create new nsproxy and all of its the associated namespaces. * Return the newly created nsproxy. Do not attach this to the task, * leave it to the caller to do proper locking and attach it to task. */ static struct nsproxy *create_new_namespaces(unsigned long flags, struct task_struct *tsk, struct user_namespace *user_ns, struct fs_struct *new_fs) { struct nsproxy *new_nsp; int err; new_nsp = create_nsproxy(); if (!new_nsp) return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM); new_nsp->mnt_ns = copy_mnt_ns(flags, tsk->nsproxy->mnt_ns, user_ns, new_fs); if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->mnt_ns)) { err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->mnt_ns); goto out_ns; } new_nsp->uts_ns = copy_utsname(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->uts_ns); if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->uts_ns)) { err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->uts_ns); goto out_uts; } new_nsp->ipc_ns = copy_ipcs(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->ipc_ns); if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->ipc_ns)) { err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->ipc_ns); goto out_ipc; } new_nsp->pid_ns = copy_pid_ns(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->pid_ns); if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->pid_ns)) { err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->pid_ns); goto out_pid; } new_nsp->net_ns = copy_net_ns(flags, user_ns, tsk->nsproxy->net_ns); if (IS_ERR(new_nsp->net_ns)) { err = PTR_ERR(new_nsp->net_ns); goto out_net; } return new_nsp; out_net: if (new_nsp->pid_ns) put_pid_ns(new_nsp->pid_ns); out_pid: if (new_nsp->ipc_ns) put_ipc_ns(new_nsp->ipc_ns); out_ipc: if (new_nsp->uts_ns) put_uts_ns(new_nsp->uts_ns); out_uts: if (new_nsp->mnt_ns) put_mnt_ns(new_nsp->mnt_ns); out_ns: kmem_cache_free(nsproxy_cachep, new_nsp); return ERR_PTR(err); }此函数新建一个nsproxy变量,然后调用namespace相关的函数一一创建新的namespace。
/* * called from clone. This now handles copy for nsproxy and all * namespaces therein. */ int copy_namespaces(unsigned long flags, struct task_struct *tsk) { struct nsproxy *old_ns = tsk->nsproxy; struct user_namespace *user_ns = task_cred_xxx(tsk, user_ns); struct nsproxy *new_ns; int err = 0; if (!old_ns) return 0; get_nsproxy(old_ns); if (!(flags & (CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC | CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWNET))) return 0; if (!ns_capable(user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) { err = -EPERM; goto out; } /* * CLONE_NEWIPC must detach from the undolist: after switching * to a new ipc namespace, the semaphore arrays from the old * namespace are unreachable. In clone parlance, CLONE_SYSVSEM * means share undolist with parent, so we must forbid using * it along with CLONE_NEWIPC. */ if ((flags & CLONE_NEWIPC) && (flags & CLONE_SYSVSEM)) { err = -EINVAL; goto out; } new_ns = create_new_namespaces(flags, tsk, user_ns, tsk->fs); if (IS_ERR(new_ns)) { err = PTR_ERR(new_ns); goto out; } tsk->nsproxy = new_ns; out: put_nsproxy(old_ns); return err; }namespace复制函数。
我是新手,不能对namespaces理解多深,暂时就这样,等研究明白再更新。