卸载掉自带的nginx版本
如果迩是在ubuntun下安装nginx、建议先卸载掉自带的版本、太旧了、0.7的、uWsgi都不支持、还要打补丁、太麻烦了、如果是默认安装的话、一定是使用了apt-get的方式来安装的、那么莪们就使用apt-get的方式来卸载吧、
sudo apt-get --purge remove nginx
完成后再试下which nginx存在不、不存在就是已经成功卸了
还是从源码安装吧、这样可以不用管更新apt-get源之类的是否成功之类的、
首先去找个源码吧、目前官网的最新稳定版是1.2.6、所以输入个
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.2.6.tar.gz
获取到当前目录、然后再解压啪啪的tar -zxf xxxx.tar.gz
然后就安装吧、从源码安装三步曲如果没有意外的话是狠顺利的、
./configure
make
sudo make install
先执行./configure后别急着往下执行、看看配置不是有有错了、如果不看清楚的话、执行make肯定会出问题、如果迩在make的时候看到出现
make: * No rule to make target build', needed by
default’. Stop.这种现象、迩回头看看./configure的出错信息是不是没装某个组件、比如没装
伪静态模块需要pcre库、这是相常见的问题、没装就装上吧、目前pcre最新版本为8.12、如果迩想下载的话最好选择tar.gz的、当然官网也提供了压缩率更高的
tar.bz2格式、不过解压稍微麻烦点、需要用到bzip2这个工具、先解压、再解包、xxx的、不过咱网速也不慢、嫌麻烦还是老老实实用tar.gz格式吧
bzip2 -d xxx.tar.bz2
tar -xf xxx.tar
wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.12.tar.gz
搞定咯、再运行一次./configure、再make、make install、问题不大、注意make install要root权限、如果是ubuntu的话可以用sudo暂时调用root权限、
Linux下编译安装PCRE库
1.下载PCRE包
首先去官网下载pcre的安装包
如果通过FTP的方式,下载地址为:ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
如果通过http的方式,下载地址为:http://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/
目前最新的版本为8.32,linux对应的安装包名称为:pcre-8.32.tar.gz。
2.把安装包上传到服务器,然后解压
[root@localhost local]# tar -zxvf pcre-8.32.tar.gz
解压之后在当前目录下生成了一个文件夹:pcre-8.32
3.配置
[root@localhost pcre-8.32]# ./configure
配置完之后控制台会打印出pcre配置的摘要信息
pcre-8.32 configuration summary:
Install prefix .................. : /usr/local
C preprocessor .................. : gcc -E
C compiler ...................... : gcc
C++ preprocessor ................ : g++ -E
C++ compiler .................... : g++
Linker .......................... : /usr/bin/ld
C preprocessor flags ............ :
C compiler flags ................ : -O2 -fvisibility=hidden
C++ compiler flags .............. : -O2 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden
Linker flags .................... :
Extra libraries ................. :
Build 8 bit pcre library ........ : yes
Build 16 bit pcre library ....... : no
Build 32 bit pcre library ....... : no
Build C++ library ............... : yes
Enable JIT compiling support .... : no
Enable UTF-8/16/32 support ...... : no
Unicode properties .............. : no
Newline char/sequence ........... : lf
\R matches only ANYCRLF ......... : no
EBCDIC coding ................... : no
EBCDIC code for NL .............. : n/a
Rebuild char tables ............. : no
Use stack recursion ............. : yes
POSIX mem threshold ............. : 10
Internal link size .............. : 2
Match limit ..................... : 10000000
Match limit recursion ........... : MATCH_LIMIT
Build shared libs ............... : yes
Build static libs ............... : yes
Use JIT in pcregrep ............. : no
Buffer size for pcregrep ........ : 20480
Link pcregrep with libz ......... : no
Link pcregrep with libbz2 ....... : no
Link pcretest with libedit ...... : no
Link pcretest with libreadline .. : no
Valgrind support ................ : no
Code coverage ................... : no
4.编译
执行make操作:
执行make结果如下:
chesian@ubuntu:/usr/local/src/pcre2-10.20$ sudo make
rm -f src/pcre2_chartables.c ln -s /usr/local/src/pcre2-10.20/src/pcre2_chartables.c.dist /usr/local/src/pcre2-10.20/src/pcre2_chartables.c make all-am make[1]: Entering directory '/usr/local/src/pcre2-10.20' CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_auto_possess.lo CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_compile.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_config.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_context.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_dfa_match.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_error.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_jit_compile.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_maketables.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_match.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_match_data.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_newline.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_ord2utf.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_pattern_info.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_serialize.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_string_utils.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_study.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_substitute.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_substring.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_tables.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_ucd.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_valid_utf.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_xclass.lo
CC src/libpcre2_8_la-pcre2_chartables.lo
CCLD libpcre2-8.la
ar: `u' modifier ignored since `D' is the default (see `U')
CC src/libpcre2_posix_la-pcre2posix.lo
CCLD libpcre2-posix.la
ar: `u' modifier ignored since `D' is the default (see `U')
CC src/pcre2grep-pcre2grep.o
CCLD pcre2grep
CC src/pcre2test-pcre2test.o
CCLD pcre2test
make[1]: Leaving directory '/usr/local/src/pcre2-10.20'
5.安装
执行make install操作:
make install结束后pcre编译安装流程就结束了。
nginx算是安装好了、不过还不能用、进入nginix目录、一般来说./configure不指定目录安装的话是安装在/usr/local/nginx、如果迩想指定其它目录用上–prefix=xxx目录、如果迩是安装在默认目录的话、执行个软链接命令把nginx连去/usr/bin目录下、
sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx
注意啦、root权限、相信也没多大问题了、然后在哪里都可以运行nginx了、执行一下nginx -v如果看到版本号就算是安装完成了、
然后是启动nginx
如果运行nginx的话启动出错、遇到error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
那么又是系统找不到某某库、把/usr/local下做个软链接搬过来就是了
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.0 /usr/lib/libpcre.so.0
好了、启动nginx吧、想验证一下、用浏览器打开localhost:80咯、看看是否看到了nginx的欢迎页面、如果行就OK啦
启动nginx
chesian@ubuntu:/usr/local/nginx$ sudo ./sbin/nginx
如果启动出错、像这样的信息
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()
sudo /usr/local/sbin/nginx (启动)
/usr/local/sbin/nginx -s stop (停止)
/usr/local/sbin/nginx -s reload (重启)
nginx 安装常见问题:
1、src/core/ngx_regex.h:15:18: fatal error: pcre.h: No such file or directory
make nginx报错
解决方案:apt-get install libpcre3-dev
2、缺少pcre library
./configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library. You can either disable the module by using –without-http_rewrite_module option, or install the PCRE library into the system, or build the PCRE library statically from the source with nginx by using –with-pcre= option.
解决方法:下载安装pcre-8.31解决问题,解压后对pcre进行如下操作
sudo wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.31.tar.gz
sudo tar -xzvf pcre-8.31.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.31
./configure
make
sudo make install
3、缺少zlib库
./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library.
You can either disable the module by using --without-http_gzip_module
option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library
statically from the source with nginx by using --with-zlib=<path> option.
解决办法:少什么就安装什么呗。
sudo apt-get install openssl libssl-dev libperl-dev
4、没有nginx,logs目录访问权限
[alert]: could not open error log file: open() "/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log" failed (13: Permission denied)
2011/03/21 06:09:33 [emerg] 24855#0: mkdir() "/usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp" failed (13: Permission denied)
解决办法:
sudo chmod a+rwx -R logs
sudo chmod a+rwx -R /usr/local/nginx
默认nginx安装的目录
默认nginx安装的目录在/usr/local/nginx下,包括:
/usr/local/nginx/sbin #控制nginx启动文件
/usr/local/nginx/conf #配置文件
/usr/local/nginx/html #默认网页文件
/usr/local/nginx/logs #日志文件
Nginx安装总结
nginx依赖以下模块:
l gzip模块需要 zlib 库
l rewrite模块需要 pcre 库
l ssl 功能需要openssl库
1.1.安装pcre
1. 获取pcre编译安装包,在http://www.pcre.org/上可以获取当前最新的版本
解压缩pcre-xx.tar.gz包。
进入解压缩目录,执行./configure。
make & make install
1.2.安装openssl
1. 获取openssl编译安装包,在http://www.openssl.org/source/上可以获取当前最新的版本。
解压缩openssl-xx.tar.gz包。
进入解压缩目录,执行./config。
make & make install
1.3.安装zlib
1. 获取zlib编译安装包,在http://www.zlib.net/上可以获取当前最新的版本。
解压缩openssl-xx.tar.gz包。
进入解压缩目录,执行./configure。
make & make install
1.4.安装nginx
1. 获取nginx,在http://nginx.org/en/download.html上可以获取当前最新的版本。
解压缩nginx-xx.tar.gz包。
进入解压缩目录,执行./configure
make & make install