说完HashMap,这个Map家族中最耀眼的明星后,再来看看HashMap的几个兄弟,首先要介绍的就是LinkedHashMap,这个直接继承HashMap的小弟
private transient Entry<K,V> header; /** * The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: <tt>true</tt> * for access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order. * * @serial */ private final boolean accessOrder;
LinkedHashMap特有的的两个实例变量,一个是header,这个就是LinkedHashMap能选择是以插入顺序还是访问顺序的关键,一个是accessOrder用来记录LinkedHashMap到底是以插入顺序还是访问顺序,默认的是false,即插入顺序,当然也可以利用构造函数来实现访问顺序
private static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Entry<K,V> { // These fields comprise the doubly linked list used for iteration. Entry<K,V> before, after; Entry(int hash, K key, V value, HashMap.Entry<K,V> next) { super(hash, key, value, next); } /** * Removes this entry from the linked list. */ private void remove() { before.after = after; after.before = before; } /** * Inserts this entry before the specified existing entry in the list. */ private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) { after = existingEntry; before = existingEntry.before; before.after = this; after.before = this; } /** * This method is invoked by the superclass whenever the value * of a pre-existing entry is read by Map.get or modified by Map.set. * If the enclosing Map is access-ordered, it moves the entry * to the end of the list; otherwise, it does nothing. */ void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) { LinkedHashMap<K,V> lm = (LinkedHashMap<K,V>)m; if (lm.accessOrder) { lm.modCount++; remove(); addBefore(lm.header); } } void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) { remove(); } }
以保存插入顺序为例,这个LinkedHashMap之所以能存储插入顺序,关键就在于LinkedHashMap的Entry的实现中包括了Entry<K,V> before, after;这样实际上LinkedHashMap的存储上还是依托于父类的Entry[] table,但是他同时保证了Entry中保存了他插入时的前后元素,这样的实现比起sortedMap完全采用双向列表,在效率要好很多,同时也有了插入顺序的保证,具体说:
void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex); // Remove eldest entry if instructed, else grow capacity if appropriate Entry<K,V> eldest = header.after; if (removeEldestEntry(eldest)) { removeEntryForKey(eldest.key); } else { if (size >= threshold) resize(2 * table.length); } }
父类中当put一个新的Entry时,最后会调用addEntry,这样子类LinkedHashMap override这个方法,
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) { HashMap.Entry<K,V> old = table[bucketIndex]; Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, old); table[bucketIndex] = e; e.addBefore(header); size++; } private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) { after = existingEntry; before = existingEntry.before; before.after = this; after.before = this; }
LinkedHashMap 中调用了createEntry,这个方法同样是override了父类的方法,比起父类的createEntry,LinkedHashMap加了主要加了 e.addBefore(header);实际上这就是关键,它把新加的元素加到了Header的头上,addBefore完成了双向列表的指向改变。
Entry<K,V> nextEntry() { if (modCount != expectedModCount) throw new ConcurrentModificationException(); if (nextEntry == header) throw new NoSuchElementException(); Entry<K,V> e = lastReturned = nextEntry; nextEntry = e.after; return e; }
这是LinkedHashMap 中LinkedHashIterator的nextEntry()方法,这是map各个set的iterator方法的next的核心,在这个方法中可以看到,实际上就是利用了header和双向列表的after,从而实现了输出有序的iterator。
另外下面这段代码是实现访问顺序的关键,recordAccess同样是LinkedHashMap override了父类的方法 ,这个recordAccess将在put(已有键值),get,putForNullKey中调用,从而实现了一有访问,被访问元素置于header,
void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) { LinkedHashMap<K,V> lm = (LinkedHashMap<K,V>)m; if (lm.accessOrder) { lm.modCount++; remove(); addBefore(lm.header); } }