从map开始说起二(谈谈hashmap的兄弟,LinkedHashMap)

   说完HashMap,这个Map家族中最耀眼的明星后,再来看看HashMap的几个兄弟,首先要介绍的就是LinkedHashMap,这个直接继承HashMap的小弟

    private transient Entry<K,V> header;

    /**
     * The iteration ordering method for this linked hash map: <tt>true</tt>
     * for access-order, <tt>false</tt> for insertion-order.
     *
     * @serial
     */
    private final boolean accessOrder;

 

LinkedHashMap特有的的两个实例变量,一个是header,这个就是LinkedHashMap能选择是以插入顺序还是访问顺序的关键,一个是accessOrder用来记录LinkedHashMap到底是以插入顺序还是访问顺序,默认的是false,即插入顺序,当然也可以利用构造函数来实现访问顺序

 

 

 private static class Entry<K,V> extends HashMap.Entry<K,V> {
        // These fields comprise the doubly linked list used for iteration.
        Entry<K,V> before, after;

	Entry(int hash, K key, V value, HashMap.Entry<K,V> next) {
            super(hash, key, value, next);
        }

        /**
         * Removes this entry from the linked list.
         */
        private void remove() {
            before.after = after;
            after.before = before;
        }

        /**
         * Inserts this entry before the specified existing entry in the list.
         */
        private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) {
            after  = existingEntry;
            before = existingEntry.before;
            before.after = this;
            after.before = this;
        }

        /**
         * This method is invoked by the superclass whenever the value
         * of a pre-existing entry is read by Map.get or modified by Map.set.
         * If the enclosing Map is access-ordered, it moves the entry
         * to the end of the list; otherwise, it does nothing.
         */
        void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
            LinkedHashMap<K,V> lm = (LinkedHashMap<K,V>)m;
            if (lm.accessOrder) {
                lm.modCount++;
                remove();
                addBefore(lm.header);
            }
        }

        void recordRemoval(HashMap<K,V> m) {
            remove();
        }
    }

 

以保存插入顺序为例,这个LinkedHashMap之所以能存储插入顺序,关键就在于LinkedHashMap的Entry的实现中包括了Entry<K,V> before, after;这样实际上LinkedHashMap的存储上还是依托于父类的Entry[] table,但是他同时保证了Entry中保存了他插入时的前后元素,这样的实现比起sortedMap完全采用双向列表,在效率要好很多,同时也有了插入顺序的保证,具体说:

 

    void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);

        // Remove eldest entry if instructed, else grow capacity if appropriate
        Entry<K,V> eldest = header.after;
        if (removeEldestEntry(eldest)) {
            removeEntryForKey(eldest.key);
        } else {
            if (size >= threshold)
                resize(2 * table.length);
        }
    }

 

父类中当put一个新的Entry时,最后会调用addEntry,这样子类LinkedHashMap override这个方法,

 

    void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        HashMap.Entry<K,V> old = table[bucketIndex];
	Entry<K,V> e = new Entry<K,V>(hash, key, value, old);
        table[bucketIndex] = e;
        e.addBefore(header);
        size++;
    }

        private void addBefore(Entry<K,V> existingEntry) {
            after  = existingEntry;
            before = existingEntry.before;
            before.after = this;
            after.before = this;
        }

 LinkedHashMap 中调用了createEntry,这个方法同样是override了父类的方法,比起父类的createEntry,LinkedHashMap加了主要加了 e.addBefore(header);实际上这就是关键,它把新加的元素加到了Header的头上,addBefore完成了双向列表的指向改变。

 

	Entry<K,V> nextEntry() {
	    if (modCount != expectedModCount)
		throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            if (nextEntry == header)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();

            Entry<K,V> e = lastReturned = nextEntry;
            nextEntry = e.after;
            return e;
	}

 

这是LinkedHashMap 中LinkedHashIterator的nextEntry()方法,这是map各个set的iterator方法的next的核心,在这个方法中可以看到,实际上就是利用了header和双向列表的after,从而实现了输出有序的iterator。

 

 

另外下面这段代码是实现访问顺序的关键,recordAccess同样是LinkedHashMap override了父类的方法 ,这个recordAccess将在put(已有键值),get,putForNullKey中调用,从而实现了一有访问,被访问元素置于header,

  void recordAccess(HashMap<K,V> m) {
            LinkedHashMap<K,V> lm = (LinkedHashMap<K,V>)m;
            if (lm.accessOrder) {
                lm.modCount++;
                remove();
                addBefore(lm.header);
            }
        }

 

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