分布式服务框架Dubbo入门实例
Dubbo的官网中是这样介绍Dubbo的。DUBBO是一个分布式服务框架，致力于提供高性能和透明化的RPC远程服务调用方案，是阿里巴巴SOA服务化治理方案的核心框架，每天为2,000+个服务提供3,000,000,000+次访问量支持，并被广泛应用于阿里巴巴集团的各成员站点。
本文是对Dubbo的框架的一次学习步骤记录。
所需环境:Centos7 x64,Win7 x64,eclipse,maven,zookeeper,Dubbo
1.zookeeper安装与配置
先到 zookeeper官网下载一个zookeeper安装文件下来，我这里下载3.4.8稳定版。
在Linux系统中运行：
wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.8/zookeeper-3.4.8.tar.gz
解压：
#tar zxvf zookeeper-3.4.8.tar.gz
配置：
切换到解压目录，进入conf目录，复制默认的zoo_sample.cfg文件,改名为zoo.cfg
#cp zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
[root@localhost conf]# ll 总用量 16 -rw-rw-r-- 1 jk145 jk145 535 2月 6 11:46 configuration.xsl -rw-rw-r-- 1 jk145 jk145 2161 2月 6 11:46 log4j.properties -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1056 7月 3 21:21 zoo.cfg -rw-rw-r-- 1 jk145 jk145 922 2月 6 11:46 zoo_sample.cfg [root@localhost conf]#
之后切换到zookeeper的bin 目录，运行zookeeper就好。
在bin目录下，执行./zkServer.sh start
[root@localhost bin]# pwd /usr/local/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.8/bin [root@localhost bin]# ./zkServer.sh start ZooKeeper JMX enabled by default Using config: /usr/local/zookeeper/zookeeper-3.4.8/bin/../conf/zoo.cfg Starting zookeeper ... STARTED [root@localhost bin]#
2.Dubbo服务端搭建
新建立一个manven工程，可以是jar也可以是war工程。
在pom中加入依赖
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.haiyang</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
<dubbo.version>2.5.3</dubbo.version>
<zookeeper.version>3.4.8</zookeeper.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- java编译插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.Dubbo服务端服务代码
服务接口类：package com.haiyang.service;
public interface HelloService {
String sayHello(String str);
}
服务实现类:
package com.haiyang.service.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.haiyang.service.HelloService;
@Service("helloService")
public class HelloServiceImpl implements HelloService {
public String sayHello(String str) {
return "Hello " + str;
}
}
4.Dubbo服务端Spring文件配置
Spring-context.xml配置:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd"
default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="false">
<!-- 采用注释的方式配置bean -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 配置要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.haiyang" />
<!-- proxy-target-class默认"false",更改为"ture"使用CGLib动态代理 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />
<import resource="dubbo-provider.xml" />
</beans>
dubbo-provider.xml配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 提供方应用名称信息，这个相当于起一个名字，我们dubbo管理页面比较清晰是哪个应用暴露出来的 -->
<dubbo:application name="test_provider" />
<!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper"
address="zookeeper://192.168.138.129:2181" check="false" subscribe="false"
register=""></dubbo:registry>
<!-- 用dubbo协议在20880端口暴露服务 -->
<dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20880" />
<!-- 用户服务接口 -->
<dubbo:service interface="com.haiyang.service.HelloService"
ref="helloService" />
</beans>
5.Dubbo服务端测试类
package com.haiyang;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class DubboProvider {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring/spring-context.xml");
context.start();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (DubboProvider.class) {
while (true) {
try {
DubboProvider.class.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
5.Dubbo客户端搭建
和上面的Dubbo服务端一样，加入相同的jar文件，另外，再加入上一个工程，将它作为一个依赖,同时记得将上面的Dubbo服务工程用maven install下
pom清单如下：
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.haiyang</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo-use</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<spring.version>4.1.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
<dubbo.version>2.5.3</dubbo.version>
<zookeeper.version>3.4.8</zookeeper.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>${dubbo.version}</version>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.zookeeper</groupId>
<artifactId>zookeeper</artifactId>
<version>${zookeeper.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.sgroschupf</groupId>
<artifactId>zkclient</artifactId>
<version>0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 服务类 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.haiyang</groupId>
<artifactId>dubbo</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<!-- java编译插件 -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.7</source>
<target>1.7</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
6.Dubbo客户端Spring配置
spring-context.xml配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd"
default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="false">
<!-- 采用注释的方式配置bean -->
<context:annotation-config />
<!-- 配置要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.haiyang" />
<!-- proxy-target-class默认"false",更改为"ture"使用CGLib动态代理 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" />
<import resource="dubbo-consumer.xml" />
</beans>
dubbo-consumer.xml配置如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
<!-- 消费方应用名，用于计算依赖关系，不是匹配条件，不要与提供方一样 -->
<dubbo:application name="dubbo-use" />
<!-- 使用zookeeper注册中心暴露服务地址 -->
<!-- 注册中心地址 -->
<dubbo:registry protocol="zookeeper" address="192.168.138.129:2181" />
<!-- 用户服务接口，和服务类名对应 -->
<dubbo:reference interface="com.haiyang.service.HelloService"
id="helloService" />
</beans>
7.Dubbo客户端测试类
package com.haiyang.test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.haiyang.service.HelloService;
public class HaiTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
new String[] { "spring/dubbo-consumer.xml" });
context.start();
HelloService demoService = (HelloService) context.getBean("helloService");
System.out.println(demoService.sayHello("world"));
synchronized (DubboTest.class) {
while (true) {
try {
DubboTest.class.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
8.Dubbo整体测试
为了观察方便，先在zookeeper的服务器上查看日志文件，对应目录为：
{path}/zookeeper/bin/zookeeper.out
用tail -f命令监听此日志文件
[ping@javaEE bin]$ tail -f zookeeper.out
同时，为了观察方便，区别下，将之前服务端HelloServiceImpl这个类的return "Hello:" + str;改为return "Hello Dubbo:" + str;
运行Dubbo服务端测试类(DubboProvider.java)
从这里可以看出，成功调用了服务端的方法
同时，zookeeper监听的日志文件也记录到了日志信息。
9.Dubbo管理控制台安装
同时，为了Dubbo也自带了管理控制台，在这里，也顺便安装下。
在百度上搜一下dubbo-admin-2.5.4.war ，将它下下来，再传到Linux中去.
在crt中输入rz，选择dubbo-admin-2.5.4.war文件，上传，并将它解压到linux的tomcat的webapps目录下。
运行unzip -d解压，将它解压，并将名称改为ROOT
$
unzip dubbo-admin-2.5.4.war -d ROOT
再进入解压后的ROOT目录下，修改配置文件
$ vim ROOT/WEB-INF/dubbo.properties
dubbo.registry.address=zookeeper://192.168.138.129
dubbo.admin.root.password=root
dubbo.admin.guest.password=guest
保存:x
最后再启动此Tomcat就可以了！
最后在浏览器里连接下
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能成功进入了，并且也能检测到目前连上的服务。