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本篇是IPC开篇吧,最近开始研读进程间通信,感知Linux博大精深啊,一步一步来吧。今天先说最原始的通信方式管道,管道分两种,无名管道pipe和有名管道fifo。本篇参考UNIX网络编程之进程间通信相关源码,首先我们来了解无名管道pipe。
无名管道特点:
一、半双工的,数据只能向一个方向流动,需要双方通信时,需要建立起两个管道。
二、只能用于父子进程或者兄弟进程之间(具有亲缘关系的进程)通信。
三、写入的内容每次都添加在管道缓冲区的末尾,并且每次都是从缓冲区的头部读出数据。
参考上图代码如下:
/* ** 双向全双工管道。 ** 父:父进程把需要读取文件路径写入管道1,然后阻塞读取管道2,收到数据后打印出来 ** 子:读取管道1父进程写入管道的路劲,打开后读取文件内容写入管道2 */ #include "../myipc.h" #define MAXLINE 512 void client(int readfd, int writefd) { size_t len; ssize_t n; char buff[MAXLINE]; /* 4read pathname */ fgets(buff, MAXLINE, stdin); len = strlen(buff); /* fgets() guarantees null byte at end */ if (buff[len-1] == '\n') len--; /* delete newline from fgets() */ /* 4write pathname to IPC channel */ write(writefd, buff, len); /* 4read from IPC, write to standard output */ while ( (n = read(readfd, buff, MAXLINE)) > 0) { printf("Now read the path file data is :\n"); write(STDOUT_FILENO, buff, n); } } void server(int readfd, int writefd) { int fd; ssize_t n; char buff[MAXLINE+1]; /* 4read pathname from IPC channel */ if ( (n = read(readfd, buff, MAXLINE)) == 0) //err_quit("end-of-file while reading pathname"); perror("end-of-file while reading pathname"); buff[n] = '\0'; /* null terminate pathname */ if ( (fd = open(buff, O_RDONLY)) < 0) { /* 4error: must tell client */ snprintf(buff + n, sizeof(buff) - n, ": can't open, %s\n", strerror(errno)); n = strlen(buff); write(writefd, buff, n); } else { /* 4open succeeded: copy file to IPC channel */ while ( (n = read(fd, buff, MAXLINE)) > 0) write(writefd, buff, n); close(fd); } } int main(int argc, char **argv) { int pipe1[2], pipe2[2]; pid_t childpid; pipe(pipe1); /* create two pipes */ pipe(pipe2); if ( (childpid = fork()) == 0) { /* child */ close(pipe1[1]); close(pipe2[0]); server(pipe1[0], pipe2[1]); exit(0); } /* 4parent */ close(pipe1[0]); close(pipe2[1]); client(pipe2[0], pipe1[1]); waitpid(childpid, NULL, 0); /* wait for child to terminate */ exit(0); }