CentOS5.4下安装Nginx+PHP+Mysql[转+修+补]

发现很多VPS用LNMP一键安装包都失败,又不能排错,唯有给出教程,一步一步教你安装,所谓授人于鱼不如授人于渔嘛,本文是在CentOS 5.4 操作系统下测试通过的,用的是32位系统,为什么要用32位系统?就是为了节省内存,VPS内存都不是很多的,纯32位系统比X86_X64兼用32位系统更省内存.

安装步骤:

1,升级系统和安装相关的程序库

yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
yum -y update
yum -y install patch make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 flex bison
yum -y install libtool libtool-libs kernel-devel autoconf
yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel
yum -y install freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel
yum -y install glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 diff*
yum -y install bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs
yum -y install e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel
yum -y install openssl openssl-devel vim-minimal
yum -y install fonts-chinese scim-chewing scim-pinyin scim-tables-chinese

2,下载相关程序源码包

wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://mysql.mirror.tw/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
wget http://php-fpm.org/downloads/php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz
wget http://www.sfr-fresh.com/unix/www/php-5.2.13.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/pcre-8.01.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
wget http://catlnmp.googlecode.com/files/index.php

3,开始安装,先安装PHP需要的库程序

tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13.1/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

4,安装mysql

tar -zxvf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile
make && make install
cd ../

创建MySQL数据库,用默认的配置my.cnf

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.

添加Mysql启动服务,并且设置root密码

cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root    //root改为你需要的密码
service mysql restart

5,安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.13.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.13-fpm-0.5.13.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.13 -p1
cd php-5.2.13/
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-ftp
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

6,安装PHP扩展模块

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6/
/usr/local/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

安装Zend Optimizer,32位系统版本

tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-i386/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/

如果是64位系统,则

tar zxvf ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64.tar.gz
mkdir -p /usr/local/zend/
cp ZendOptimizer-3.3.9-linux-glibc23-x86_64/data/5_2_x_comp/ZendOptimizer.so /usr/local/zend/

配置php.ini

cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[Zend Optimizer]
zend_optimizer.optimization_level=1
zend_extension="/usr/local/zend/ZendOptimizer.so"
EOF

7,修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"

再查找 output_buffering = Off
修改为output_buffering = On

自动修改:可执行以下shell命令,自动完成对php.ini文件的修改:

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\n#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini

8,配置eAccelerator加速PHP:
创建缓存目录

mkdir -p /usr/local/eaccelerator_cache

配置php.ini

cat >>/usr/local/php/etc/php.ini<<EOF
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="1"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
eaccelerator.keys = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.sessions = "disk_only"
eaccelerator.content = "disk_only"
EOF

9,创建www用户和组,以及主机需要的目录,日志目录

groupadd www
useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /home/www
chmod +w /home/www
mkdir -p /home/www/logs
chmod 777 /home/www/logs
chown -R www:www /home/www

10,创建php-fpm配置文件

rm -f /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

输入以下内容,我设置开的进程是5个.需要更改进程数,可以修改5

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
  <section name="global_options">
    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>
    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/home/www/logs/php-fpm.log</value>
    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>
  </section>
  <workers>
    <section name="pool">
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      <value name="listen_address">/tmp/php-cgi.sock</value>
      <value name="listen_options">
        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner">www</value>
        <value name="group">www</value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>

      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>

      Unix user of processes
    <value name="user">www</value>
      Unix group of processes
    <value name="group">www</value>
      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value name="style">static</value>
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">5</value>
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value name="apache_like">
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>
        </value>
      </value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>
      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>
      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>
      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">102400</value>
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>
    </section>
  </workers>
</configuration>

11,启动php-cgi进程,监听127.0.0.1的9000端口,进程数为5,用户为www

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start

注:/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数,包括:start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate,修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi,重新加载配置文件使用reload

12,安装Nginx

tar zxvf pcre-8.01.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.01/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

tar zxvf nginx-0.7.65.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.65/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
make && make install
cd ../

13,创建Nginx配置文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers
rm -f /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

输入以下内容:

user  www www;
worker_processes 1;
error_log  /home/www/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;
events
  {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 65535;
  }
http
  {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    #charse  gb2312;
    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
    client_header_buffer_size 128k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 256k;
    client_max_body_size 8m;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout 60;
    tcp_nodelay on;

    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length  1k;
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;
    output_buffers   4 32k;
    postpone_output  1460;

    #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;  

server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name www.7dot.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    include location.conf;
    root  /home/www;
  }
    include servers/*;
}

14,在/usr/local/nginx/conf/目录中创建location.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/location.conf

输入内容:

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
  {
  fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
  #fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  include fastcgi.conf;
  }

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
  {
    expires      30d;
  }

location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
  {
    expires      12h;
  }

多站点管理,可以在/usr/local/nginx/conf/servers目录添加配置文件,格式为:

vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/servers/7dot.conf

内容:

server

  {
    listen       80;
    server_name 7dot.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /home/www/7dot;
  }

请注意,我是没有开启Nginx日志记录功能的.
启动Nginx:

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

放个探针看看

mv index.php /home/www/

访问你的IP看看吧!

15,安装phpMyAdmin,管理Mysql数据库

tar zxvf phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages.tar.gz
mv phpMyAdmin-3.2.4-all-languages /home/www/phpmyadmin

16,配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

echo "ulimit -SHn 65535" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start" >>/etc/rc.local
echo "/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" >>/etc/rc.local

17,优化Linux内核参数(我只在Xen VPS用过,Openvz VPS失败,慎用)

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在最后加入

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

18,需要安装ftp的,可以简单安装vsftpd应用:

yum -y install vsftpd
/etc/init.d/vsftpd start
chkconfig --level 345 vsftpd on

19,请务必更改www用户密码:

passwd www