inux下Git和gitosis的安装与配置
1、增加git用户
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root@stu-system:/#useradd git
root@stu-system:/#vim /etc/passwd
git:x:501:501::/home/git:/bin/bash/git-shell
root@stu-system:/sudo passwd git
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2、安装git和gitosis
依次运行一下命令进行安装，其中gitosis是git的权限管理工具
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sudo apt-get install git
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
sudo apt-get install python2.6
sudo apt-get install python-setuptools
apt-get install gitosis
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3、git和gitosis配置
修改gitweb.conf
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vim /etc/gitweb.conf
# path to git projects (<project>.git)
$projectroot = "/home/git/repositories/";
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依次运行以下命令，使用ssh-keygen生成密钥对SSH_KEY和SSH_KEY.pub，并初始化gitosis-admin.git库
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ssh-keygen -t rsa
sudo -H -u git gitosis-init <SSH_KEY.pub
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为/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hook/post-update增加执行权限
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chmod +x /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/hook/post-update
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4、创建git新库的脚本
写了个脚本create-repo.sh方便创建新库，并解决了最后提到的一些问题；在给脚本文件加上执行权限后，只要执行“/home/git/create-repo.sh repo-name.git”即可完成新库创建，其中repo-name替换为新库名称。
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root@stu-system:/home/git# cat create-repo.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 1 ];
then
echo "Usage: $0 repo-name"
exit
fi
cd /home/git/repositories/
mkdir $1.git
cd $1.git
git init
git config --bool core.bare true
cd ..
chown -R git *
chgrp -R git *
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5、使用gitosis进行git权限管理
使用git修改gitosis-admin.git库中的gitosis.conf文件，对应的用户公钥放在keydir文件夹中，公钥文件以“用户名.pub”命名，修改完后push回去就可以。提示：使用ssh key generator在Windows下生成的密钥放到gitosis-admin.git前需要在Linux用以下命令来将密钥转换为Linux下的格式。
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ssh-keygen -if 公钥文件名>新公钥文件名
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实际上push到git主库后，gitosis.conf文件会被更新到/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/gitosis.conf，这个才是真正生效的权限配置文件，如果通过git库改错了的话，可以在服务器上直接修改这个文件来解决。
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#vim /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/gitosis.conf
[gitosis]
gitweb=yes
[group admin]
members = maple root@stu-system
[group tech]
members = @admin
[group gitosis-admin]
writable = gitosis-admin
members = @admin
[group test]
writable = test
members = @tech
[group test-readonly]
readonly = test
members = maple2
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6、各种问题
（1）出现’gitosis-admin’ does not appear to be a git repository，短路径无效时替换为全路径
在服务器上使用短路径会取现下面这个问题，原因是没有找到对应匹配的密钥所致，如果正确使用了ssh密钥则不会出现这个问题，这里就不去折腾了
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root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# git clone [email protected]:gitosis-admin.git
Cloning into gitosis-admin...
[email protected]'s password:
fatal: 'gitosis-admin' does not appear to be a git repository
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
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使用以下命令解决，只不过每次push和pull的时候都需要输入一遍git用户的密码，略为繁琐
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git clone [email protected]:/home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git
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（2）出现Unable to create temporary file: Permission denied
在Windows上使用TortoiseGit执行Push时出现以下错误
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git.exe push --force --progress "origin" master:master
Counting objects: 189, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (187/187)
Writing objects: 7% (14/189)
fatal: Unable to create temporary file: Permission denied
fatal: sha1 file '<stdout>' write error: Invalid argument
error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:channelv.git'
git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1)
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原来是服务器上是用root账户建立的库目录，导致git账户无权写入，方法就是修改文件夹的所属用户和所属用户组
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root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# chown -R git *
root@stu-system:/home/git/repositories# chgrp -R git *
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（3）出现failed to push some refs to ‘[email protected]:channelv.git’
在Windows上使用TortoiseGit执行Push时出现以下错误
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git.exe push --progress "origin" master:master
Counting objects: 189, done.
Compressing objects: 100% (158/158)
Writing objects: 100% (189/189), 1016.00 KiB | 997 KiB/s
Writing objects: 100% (189/189), 1.12 MiB | 997 KiB/s, done.
remote: error: 'receive.denyCurrentBranch' configuration variable to 'refuse'.
To [email protected]:channelv.git
! [remote rejected] master -> master (branch is currently checked out)
error: failed to push some refs to '[email protected]:channelv.git'
git did not exit cleanly (exit code 1)
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在服务器对应的库目录下执行以下命令增加配置即可
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git config --bool core.bare true
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