数据库中文乱码 ORACLE NLS_LANG LINUX LANG

要维护数据库时候 经常使用LINUX系统和远程SHELL客户端连接到ORACLE数据库. 使用上面的SQLPLUS  LSNRCTL RMAN工具

经常检查TRC文件,ORA文件 等.  要是出现乱码就糟糕了.

因为 你来之前别人已经装好了ORACLE 并且设置了中文.....

以前习惯了英文...  所以被中文撞了腰.

 

终端使用的 PUTTY  SSH  SECUTP   XMAGRE等

这里涉及到系统 和数据库 两块东. 不要搞乱自己哦

EXPORT  LANG  ==> 是定义系统语言的

EXPORT NLS_LANG==> 定义数据库语言的

 

这些 我一般放在/home/oracle/.bash_profile    其他人喜欢放在/home/oracle/.bashrc里

设置之前了解下系统目前语言和支持的语言.

先讲 系统的LANG

cat /etc/sysconfig/i18n    系统默认语言

/usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED  包含系统支持的本地语言

/usr/local/share/i18n/SUPPORTED  添加自定义的本地语言到这个文件

我的LINUX系统默认是英文 附加了中文支持

因此我的ORACLE用户下的环境变量 LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8

这样 保存 然后source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 生效下

df -h  中文标题出来了.

语言(Language), 地域 (Territory) 和字符集(Codeset)。一个locale的书写格式为: 语言[_地域[.字符集]].

注意是 小写 下划线 大写 点 大写

其他写法默认无效,不提示错误,让你转圈圈去

然后接着讲下数据库的NLS_LANG

哈哈 就是前面多了个NLS_

我的数据库默认装的英文 外挂下中文.

所以了先看下数据库的设置

select * from v$NLS_parameters

看主要的NLS_LANGUAGE ; NLS_TERRITORY;NLS_CHARACTERSET

我的上面分别是  AMERICAN;AMERICA;AL32UTF8

export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"

注意狗屎的细节 我们中国没有统一,所以有简体和繁体 .瞧上面 有空格是不? 就是因为这个台湾海峡在,就得上双引号.其他的语言类别就不用""...

另外注意点狗屎问题.ORACLE数据库的字符集 UTF8  不是UTF-8   注意干字.

系统变量有干 数据库则没有.

来点官方资料 充点门面. 狗屎的华为一天打三次电话 叫我去面试. 两个月累积下来有20次电话. 爷是专科生好不好啊 别这样玩我.知道你华为要E英文SB级.

Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable for Oracle Databases
  
Follow this procedure to set the NLS_LANG environment variable for Oracle databases.
To set the NLS_LANG environment variable for Oracle databases
  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
Determine the NLS_LANG value. 
    
 
     
In the data warehouse database, run the command 
 
    
SELECT * FROM V$NLS_PARAMETERS
 
    
 
     
Make a note of the NLS_LANG value, which is in the format [NLS_LANGUAGE]_[NLS_TERRITORY].[NLS_CHARACTERSET]. 
For example: American_America.UTF8
 
    
   
   
   
   
For Windows: 
    
 
     
Navigate to Control Panel > System and click the Advanced tab. Click Environment Variables. 
 
     
In System variables section, click New. 
 
     
In the Variable Name field, enter NLS_LANG. 
 
     
In the Variable Value field, enter the NLS_LANG value that was returned in Step 1. 
The format for the NLS_LANG value should be [NLS_LANGUAGE]_[NLS_TERRITORY].[NLS_CHARACTERSET].
For example: American_America.UTF8.
 
    
   
   
   
   
For UNIX, set the variable as shown below: 
setenv NLS_LANG <NLS_LANG>
For example: setenv NLS_LANG American_America.UTF8.
If your data is 7-bit or 8-bit ASCII and the Informatica Server is running on UNIX, then set
NLS_LANG <NLS_LANGUAGE>_<NLS_TERRITORY>.WE8ISO8859P1
CAUTION:  Make sure you set the NLS_LANG variable correctly, as stated in this procedure, or your data will not display correctly.
   
   
   
   
Reboot the machine after creating the variable. 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

   
   
   
   
The NLS_LANG parameter is stored in the registry under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\HOMEID\NLS_LANG subkey, where ID is the unique number identifying the Oracle home. 
   
   
   
   
The NLS_LANG parameter uses the following format: 
   
   
   
   
NLS_LANG = LANGUAGE_TERRITORY.CHARACTER_SET 


   
   
   
   
where: 
   
   
   
   
 
    
 
     
 
      
 
       
Parameter 
 
       
Description 
 
      
 
     
 
     
 
      
 
       
LANGUAGE
 
       
Specifies the language and conventions for displaying messages, day name, and month name.
 
      
 
      
 
       
TERRITORY
 
       
Specifies the territory and conventions for calculating week and day numbers.
 
      
 
      
 
       
CHARACTER_SET
 
       
Controls the character set used for displaying messages.
 
      
 
     
 
    
 
   
   
   
   
   

       
   
   
   
   
   
 
    
C.2 Commonly Used Values for NLS_LANG 
 
    
Table C-1 lists commonly used NLS_LANG values for various operating system locales: 
 
    
 
     
Table C-1 NLS_LANG Parameter Values 
 
     
 
      
 
       
 
        
Operating System Locale 
 
        
NLS_LANG Value 
 
       
 
      
 
      
 
     
 
     
 
      
 
       
 
        
Chinese (PRC)
 
        
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK
 
       
 
       
 
        
Chinese (Taiwan)
 
        
TRADITIONAL CHINESE_TAIWAN.ZHT16MSWIN950
 
       
 
      
 
     
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
      
 
       
 
        
English (United Kingdom)
 
        
ENGLISH_UNITED KINGDOM.WE8MSWIN1252
 
       
 
       
 
        
English (United States)
 
        
AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8MSWIN1252
 
       
 
      
 
     
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
      
 
       
 
        
French (Canada)
 
        
CANADIAN FRENCH_CANADA.WE8MSWIN1252
 
       
 
       
 
        
French (France)
 
        
FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8MSWIN1252
 
       
 
       
 
        
German (Germany)
 
        
GERMAN_GERMANY.WE8MSWIN1252
 
       
 
      
 
     
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
      
 
       
 
        
Japanese
 
        
JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16SJIS
 
       
 
       
 
        
Korean
 
        
KOREAN_KOREA.KO16MSWIN949
 
       
 
      
 
     
 
    
 
    
 
     
 
      
 
       
 
        
Russian
 
        
RUSSIAN_CIS.CL8MSWIN1251