一、利用iconv函数族进行编码转换
iconv函数族的头文件是iconv.h,使用前需包含之。(1) iconv_t iconv_open(const char *tocode, const char *fromcode);
此函数说明将要进行哪两种编码的转换,tocode是目标编码,fromcode是原编码,该函数返回一个转换句柄,供以下两个函数使用。(2) size_t iconv(iconv_t cd,char **inbuf,size_t *inbytesleft,char **outbuf,size_t *outbytesleft);
此函数从inbuf中读取字符,转换后输出到outbuf中,inbytesleft用以记录还未转换的字符数,outbytesleft用以记录输出缓冲的剩余空间。 (3) int iconv_close(iconv_t cd);例子1: 用C语言实现的转换示例程序
/* f.c : 代码转换示例C程序 */ #include <iconv.h> #define OUTLEN 255 main() { char *in_utf8 = "静态模式"; char *in_gb2312 = "\xbe\xb2\xcc\xac\xc4\xa3\xca\xbd"; char out[OUTLEN]; //unicode码转为gb2312码 rc = u2g(in_utf8,strlen(in_utf8),out,OUTLEN); printf("unicode-->gb2312 ōut=%sn",out); //gb2312码转为unicode码 rc = g2u(in_gb2312,strlen(in_gb2312),out,OUTLEN); printf("gb2312-->unicode ōut=%sn",out); } //代码转换:从一种编码转为另一种编码 int code_convert(char *from_charset,char *to_charset,char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen) { iconv_t cd; int rc; char **pin = &inbuf; char **pout = &outbuf; cd = iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset); if (cd==0) return -1; memset(outbuf,0,outlen); if (iconv(cd,pin,&inlen,pout,&outlen)==-1) return -1; iconv_close(cd); return 0; } //UNICODE码转为GB2312码 int u2g(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen) { return code_convert("utf-8","gb2312",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen); } //GB2312码转为UNICODE码 int g2u(char *inbuf,size_t inlen,char *outbuf,size_t outlen) { return code_convert("gb2312","utf-8",inbuf,inlen,outbuf,outlen); }
/* f.cpp : 代码转换示例C++程序 */ #include <iconv.h> #include <iostream> #define OUTLEN 255 using namespace std; // 代码转换操作类 class CodeConverter { private: iconv_t cd; public: // 构造 CodeConverter(const char *from_charset,const char *to_charset) { cd = iconv_open(to_charset,from_charset); } // 析构 ~CodeConverter() { iconv_close(cd); } // 转换输出 int convert(char *inbuf,int inlen,char *outbuf,int outlen) { char **pin = &inbuf; char **pout = &outbuf; memset(outbuf,0,outlen); return iconv(cd,pin,(size_t *)&inlen,pout,(size_t *)&outlen); } }; int main(int argc, char **argv) { char *in_utf8 = "静态模式"; char *in_gb2312 = "\xbe\xb2\xcc\xac\xc4\xa3\xca\xbd"; char out[OUTLEN]; // utf-8-->gb2312 CodeConverter cc = CodeConverter("utf-8","gb2312"); cc.convert(in_utf8,strlen(in_utf8),out,OUTLEN); cout << "utf-8-->gb2312 in=" << in_utf8 << ",out=" << out << endl; // gb2312-->utf-8 CodeConverter cc2 = CodeConverter("gb2312","utf-8"); cc2.convert(in_gb2312,strlen(in_gb2312),out,OUTLEN); cout << "gb2312-->utf-8 in=" << in_gb2312 << ",out=" << out << endl; }
iconv -f utf-8 -t gb2312 aaa.txt >bbb.txt这个命令读取aaa.txt文件,从utf-8编码转换为gb2312编码,其输出定向到bbb.txt文件。