C#访问Access表结构，查询表列信息
access不像sqlserver，oracle有提供直接的系统表，可以查询相关表的列信息，因此直接用sql无法查找到相关信息，需要通过程序实现。
代码如下：
public static DataSet GetOleDbColumns(DBlink dbLink, string tableName)
{
DBHelperOleDb.connectionString = dbLink.linkConnStr;
DataTable dtKey = DBHelperOleDb.GetPrimaryInfo(tableName);//获取主键信息
DataTable result = DBHelperOleDb.GetColumnInfo(tableName);//获取列信息
DataTable dt = new DataTable();
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("tableName", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("tableDescription", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("colOrder", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("columnName", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("IsIdentity", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("IsPrimaryKey", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("TypeName", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Length", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Precision", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Scale", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Nullable", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("DefaultVal", typeof(string)));
dt.Columns.Add(new DataColumn("Description", typeof(string)));
foreach (DataRow row in result.Rows)
{
DataRow r = dt.NewRow();
r["tableName"] = row["TABLE_NAME"].ToString();
r["tableDescription"] = row["TABLE_CATALOG"].ToString();
r["colOrder"] = row["ORDINAL_POSITION"].ToString();//
r["columnName"] = row["COLUMN_NAME"].ToString();
r["IsIdentity"] = false;//还未找到对应项
r["IsPrimaryKey"] = dtKey.Select(string.Format("COLUMN_NAME='{0}'", row["COLUMN_NAME"].ToString())).Length > 0 ? true : false;//是否是主键
r["TypeName"] = row["DATA_TYPE"].ToString();
r["Length"] = row["CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH"].ToString();
r["Precision"] = row["NUMERIC_PRECISION"].ToString();
r["Scale"] = row["NUMERIC_SCALE"].ToString();
r["Nullable"] = bool.Parse(row["IS_NULLABLE"].ToString());
r["DefaultVal"] = row["COLUMN_DEFAULT"].ToString();
r["Description"] = row["DESCRIPTION"].ToString();
dt.Rows.Add(r);
}
DataSet ds = new DataSet();
ds.Tables.Add(dt);
return ds;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取Access表列信息
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataTable GetColumnInfo(string tableName)
{
//connectionString = @"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=E:\Project\OrgCertificate\OrgCertificate\bin\Debug\OrgCertificateDB.mdb;User ID=;Password=;";
using (OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(connectionString))
{
connection.Open();
DataTable dt = connection.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns, new object[] { null, null });
DataView view = new DataView();
view.Table = dt;
view.RowFilter = string.Format("table_name='{0}'",tableName);
return view.ToTable();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取Access表主键信息
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static DataTable GetPrimaryInfo(string tableName)
{
using (OleDbConnection connection = new OleDbConnection(connectionString))
{
connection.Open();
DataTable dt = connection.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Primary_Keys, new object[] { null, null });
DataView view = new DataView();
view.Table = dt;
view.RowFilter = string.Format("table_name='{0}'", tableName);
return view.ToTable();
}
}
示例：和GetOleDbSchemaTable()差不多
DataTable dt = connection.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Columns, new object[] { null, null });
可以替换“Columns”的还有如下字段，来源网上（http://topic.csdn.net/u/20080918/12/fc76f127-87bc-46e4-b273-7da1ca514c2c.html），请自行验证。
MetaDataCollections
DataSourceInformation
DataTypes
Restrictions
ReservedWords
Users
Databases
Tables
Columns
StructuredTypeMembers
Views
ViewColumns
ProcedureParameters
Procedures
ForeignKeys
IndexColumns
Indexes
UserDefinedTypes
OleDbSchemaGuid的类信息
public sealed class OleDbSchemaGuid
{
// Summary:
// Returns the assertions defined in the catalog that is owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Assertions;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the physical attributes associated with catalogs accessible from
// the data source. Returns the assertions defined in the catalog that is owned
// by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Catalogs;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the character sets defined in the catalog that is accessible to a
// given user.
public static readonly Guid Character_Sets;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the check constraints defined in the catalog that is owned by a given
// user.
public static readonly Guid Check_Constraints;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the check constraints defined in the catalog that is owned by a given
// user.
public static readonly Guid Check_Constraints_By_Table;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the character collations defined in the catalog that is accessible
// to a given user.
public static readonly Guid Collations;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the columns defined in the catalog that are dependent on a domain
// defined in the catalog and owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Column_Domain_Usage;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the privileges on columns of tables defined in the catalog that are
// available to or granted by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Column_Privileges;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the columns of tables (including views) defined in the catalog that
// is accessible to a given user.
public static readonly Guid Columns;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the columns used by referential constraints, unique constraints,
// check constraints, and assertions, defined in the catalog and owned by a
// given user.
public static readonly Guid Constraint_Column_Usage;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the tables that are used by referential constraints, unique constraints,
// check constraints, and assertions defined in the catalog and owned by a given
// user.
public static readonly Guid Constraint_Table_Usage;
//
// Summary:
// Returns a list of provider-specific keywords.
public static readonly Guid DbInfoKeywords;
//
// Summary:
// Returns a list of provider-specific literals used in text commands.
public static readonly Guid DbInfoLiterals;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the foreign key columns defined in the catalog by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Foreign_Keys;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the indexes defined in the catalog that is owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Indexes;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the columns defined in the catalog that is constrained as keys by
// a given user.
public static readonly Guid Key_Column_Usage;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the primary key columns defined in the catalog by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Primary_Keys;
//
// Summary:
// Returns information about the columns of rowsets returned by procedures.
public static readonly Guid Procedure_Columns;
//
// Summary:
// Returns information about the parameters and return codes of procedures.
public static readonly Guid Procedure_Parameters;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the procedures defined in the catalog that is owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Procedures;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the base data types supported by the .NET Framework Data Provider
// for OLE DB.
public static readonly Guid Provider_Types;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the referential constraints defined in the catalog that is owned
// by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Referential_Constraints;
//
// Summary:
// Returns a list of schema rowsets, identified by their GUIDs, and a pointer
// to the descriptions of the restriction columns.
public static readonly Guid SchemaGuids;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the schema objects that are owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Schemata;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the conformance levels, options, and dialects supported by the SQL-implementation
// processing data defined in the catalog.
public static readonly Guid Sql_Languages;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the statistics defined in the catalog that is owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Statistics;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the table constraints defined in the catalog that is owned by a given
// user.
public static readonly Guid Table_Constraints;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the privileges on tables defined in the catalog that are available
// to, or granted by, a given user.
public static readonly Guid Table_Privileges;
//
// Summary:
// Describes the available set of statistics on tables in the provider.
public static readonly Guid Table_Statistics;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the tables (including views) defined in the catalog that are accessible
// to a given user.
public static readonly Guid Tables;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the tables (including views) that are accessible to a given user.
public static readonly Guid Tables_Info;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the character translations defined in the catalog that is accessible
// to a given user.
public static readonly Guid Translations;
//
// Summary:
// Identifies the trustees defined in the data source.
public static readonly Guid Trustee;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the USAGE privileges on objects defined in the catalog that are available
// to or granted by a given user.
public static readonly Guid Usage_Privileges;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the columns on which viewed tables depend, as defined in the catalog
// and owned by a given user.
public static readonly Guid View_Column_Usage;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the tables on which viewed tables, defined in the catalog and owned
// by a given user, are dependent.
public static readonly Guid View_Table_Usage;
//
// Summary:
// Returns the views defined in the catalog that is accessible to a given user.
public static readonly Guid Views;
// Summary:
// Initializes a new instance of the System.Data.OleDb.OleDbSchemaGuid class.
public OleDbSchemaGuid();
}