Python邮件收发（SMTP POP3）

SMTP邮件发送

   SMTP(Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) 简单邮件传输协议。

   smtplib模块

   创建SMTP对象

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
smtplib.SMTP( [host [, port [, local_hostname]]] ) 
     
     
     
     
参数：
     
     
     
     
    host : SMTP 服务器主机。可以指定主机的ip地址或域名，可选参数。 
     
     
     
     
    port : host参数需指定SMTP使用端口（25） 
     
     
     
     
    local_hostname : SMTP在本机时，指定localhost 
    
    
    
    

    SMTP对象方法 

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
方法 描述
      
      
      
      
SMTP.set_debuglevel(level) 设置输出debug调试信息，默认不输出
      
      
      
      
SMTP.docmd(cmd[, argstring]) 发送一个命令到SMTP服务器
      
      
      
      
SMTP.connect([host[, port]]) 连接到指定的SMTP服务器
      
      
      
      
SMTP.helo([hostname]) 使用helo指令向SMTP服务器确认你的身份
      
      
      
      
SMTP.ehlo(hostname) 使用ehlo指令像ESMTP（SMTP扩展）确认你的身份
      
      
      
      
SMTP.ehlo_or_helo_if_needed() 如果在以前的会话连接中没有提供ehlo或者helo指令，这个方法会调用ehlo()或helo()
      
      
      
      
SMTP.has_extn(name) 判断指定名称是否在SMTP服务器上
      
      
      
      
SMTP.verify(address) 判断邮件地址是否在SMTP服务器上
      
      
      
      
SMTP.starttls([keyfile[, certfile]]) 使SMTP连接运行在TLS模式，所有的SMTP指令都会被加密
      
      
      
      
SMTP.login(user, password) 登录SMTP服务器
      
      
      
      
SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg, mail_options=[], rcpt_options=[]) 发送邮件
      
      
      
      
 from_addr：邮件发件人
      
      
      
      
 to_addrs：邮件收件人
      
      
      
      
 msg：发送消息
      
      
      
      
SMTP.quit() 关闭SMTP会话
      
      
      
      
SMTP.close() 关闭SMTP服务器连接
     
     
     
     

   1.文件形式邮件

   
   
   
   

    
    
    
    
#!/usr/bin/env python3
    
    
    
    
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
    
    
    
    

    
    
    
    
import smtplib
    
    
    
    
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
    
    
    
    
from email.header import Header
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
    
    
    
    
mail_server_port = 465
    
    
    
    
 
    
    
    
    
mail_user = '[email protected]'
    
    
    
    
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
    
    
    
    

    
    
    
    
from_addr = '[email protected]'
    
    
    
    
to_addr = ['[email protected]'] #to_addr可放入多个邮箱，以逗号隔开
    
    
    
    

    
    
    
    
#发送邮件形式和内容
    
    
    
    
msg = MIMEText('Python mail test...','plain','utf-8')
    
    
    
    
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
    
    
    
    
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
    
    
    
    
#发送主题
    
    
    
    
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
    
    
    
    
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
    
    
    
    
try:
    
    
    
    
 smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
    
    
    
    
 smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
    
    
    
    
 smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
    
    
    
    
 smtp.quit()
    
    
    
    
 print('邮件发送成功')
    
    
    
    
except smtplib.SMTPException:
    
    
    
    
 print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')
   
   
   
   

   注意:此处用的是465端口 ssl

   问题1：阿里云默认是关闭25端口，醉了！怪不得windose 25端口可以，linux就不行了。

   问题2：windose smtp对象定义格式如下可以

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL()
     
     
     
     
smtp.connect(mail_server,mail_server_port)
    
    
    
    

        linux下必须用以下格式，否则会有ssl报错

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
    
    
    
    

   （163邮箱默认没开代理的，要进行设置）

    2.HTML形式邮件

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
#!/usr/bin/env python3
     
     
     
     
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
import smtplib
     
     
     
     
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
     
     
     
     
from email.header import Header
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
     
     
     
     
mail_server_port = 465
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_user = '[email protected]'
     
     
     
     
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
from_addr = '[email protected]'
     
     
     
     
to_addr = ['[email protected]'] 
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_msg='''
     
     
     
     
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
     
     
     
     
<p><a href="http://139.199.82.84/kexiewojia/">这是一个链接</a></p>
     
     
     
     
'''
     
     
     
     
msg = MIMEText(mail_msg,'html','utf-8')
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
     
     
     
     
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
     
     
     
     
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
     
     
     
     
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
     
     
     
     
try:
     
     
     
     
 smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
     
     
     
     
 smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
     
     
     
     
 smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
     
     
     
     
 smtp.quit()
     
     
     
     
 print('邮件发送成功')
     
     
     
     
except smtplib.SMTPException:
     
     
     
     
 print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')
    
    
    
    

   3.邮件附件

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
#!/usr/bin/env python3
     
     
     
     
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
import smtplib
     
     
     
     
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
     
     
     
     
from email.header import Header
     
     
     
     
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
     
     
     
     
mail_server_port = 465
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_user = '[email protected]'
     
     
     
     
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
from_addr = '[email protected]'
     
     
     
     
to_addr = ['[email protected]']
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
#创建一个带附件实例
     
     
     
     
msg = MIMEMultipart()
     
     
     
     
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
     
     
     
     
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
     
     
     
     
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
     
     
     
     
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
#邮件正文
     
     
     
     
msg.attach(MIMEText('Ptthon SMTP mail test...','plain','utf-8'))
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
#构造附件
     
     
     
     
att = MIMEText(open('test.txt', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
     
     
     
     
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
     
     
     
     
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="test.txt"'
     
     
     
     
msg.attach(att)
     
     
     
     
try:
     
     
     
     
 smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
     
     
     
     
 smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
     
     
     
     
 smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
     
     
     
     
 smtp.quit()
     
     
     
     
 print('邮件发送成功')
     
     
     
     
except smtplib.SMTPException:
     
     
     
     
 print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')
    
    
    
    

   4.邮件图片（图片存放于附件中）

    
    
    
    

     
     
     
     
#!/usr/bin/env python3
     
     
     
     
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
import smtplib
     
     
     
     
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
     
     
     
     
from email.header import Header
     
     
     
     
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
     
     
     
     
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
     
     
     
     
mail_server = 'smtp.163.com'
     
     
     
     
mail_server_port = 465
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_user = '[email protected]'
     
     
     
     
mail_pass = 'h19960304'
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
from_addr = '[email protected]'
     
     
     
     
to_addr = ['[email protected]']
     
     
     
     
 
     
     
     
     
msg = MIMEMultipart()
     
     
     
     
msg['From'] = Header('msun','utf-8')
     
     
     
     
msg['To'] = Header('Test','utf-8')
     
     
     
     
subject = 'Python SMTP mail test'
     
     
     
     
msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
msgAlternative = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
     
     
     
     
msg.attach(msgAlternative)
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
mail_msg = '''
     
     
     
     
<p>Python SMTP mail test...</p>
     
     
     
     
<p>图片</p>
     
     
     
     
<img src='cid:image' width='30' height='30'>
     
     
     
     
'''
     
     
     
     
#邮件正文
     
     
     
     
msg.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg,'html','utf-8'))
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
#指定图片为当前目录
     
     
     
     
fp = open('logo.png','rb')
     
     
     
     
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
     
     
     
     
fp.close()
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
#定义图片ID,在HTML引用
     
     
     
     
msgImage.add_header('Content-ID','<image>')
     
     
     
     
msg.attach(msgImage)
     
     
     
     

     
     
     
     
try:
     
     
     
     
 smtp = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(mail_server,mail_server_port)
     
     
     
     
 smtp.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
     
     
     
     
 smtp.sendmail(from_addr,to_addr,msg.as_string())
     
     
     
     
 smtp.quit()
     
     
     
     
 print('邮件发送成功')
     
     
     
     
except smtplib.SMTPException:
     
     
     
     
 print('Error:邮件发送失败！！！')
    
    
    
    

POP3收取邮件

   pop3收取步骤：

      1.用poplib模块把源始文件下载到本地

      2.用email模块解析原始文本，还原邮件对象

   poplib模块

   poplib建立对象

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
poplib.POP3(server)
      
      
      
      
    server : pop服务器对象 
     
     
     
     

   poplib对象方法

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
user(username) 发送用户名到服务器，等待服务器返回信息
      
      
      
      
pass_(password) 密码
      
      
      
      
stat() 返回邮箱的状态,返回2元祖(消息的数量,消息的总字节)
      
      
      
      
list([msgnum]) stat()的扩展，返回一个3元祖(返回信息, 消息列表, 消息的大小)，如果指定msgnum，就只返回指定消息的数据
      
      
      
      
retr(msgnum) 获取详细msgnum，设置为已读，返回3元组(返回信息, 消息msgnum的所以内容, 消息的字节数)，如果指定msgnum，就只返回指定消息的数据
      
      
      
      
dele(msgnum)  将指定消息标记为删除
      
      
      
      
quit() 登出，保存修改，解锁邮箱，结束连接，退出
     
     
     
     

    pop接收实例

     
     
     
     

      
      
      
      
#!/usr/bin/env python3
      
      
      
      
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
      
      
      
      
import poplib
      
      
      
      
from email.parser import Parser
      
      
      
      
from email.header import decode_header
      
      
      
      
from email.utils import parseaddr
      
      
      
      
from datetime import datetime
      
      
      
      
email = '[email protected]'
      
      
      
      
passwd = 'h19960304'
      
      
      
      
pop_server = 'pop.163.com'
      
      
      
      
 
      
      
      
      
def get_email():
      
      
      
      
 server = poplib.POP3_SSL(pop_server,'995')
      
      
      
      
 # 可以打开或关闭调试信息:
      
      
      
      
 # server.set_debuglevel(1)
      
      
      
      
 # 可选:打印POP3服务器的欢迎文字:
      
      
      
      
 print(server.getwelcome().decode('utf-8'))
      
      
      
      
 server.user(email)
      
      
      
      
 server.pass_(passwd)
      
      
      
      
  #邮件数量和占有空间
      
      
      
      
 print('Messages: %s. Size: %s' % server.stat())
      
      
      
      
 #list()返回所有邮件编号
      
      
      
      
 resp_one,mails,octets_one = server.list()
      
      
      
      
 #查看返回列表
      
      
      
      
 #print(mails)
      
      
      
      
 #获取最新的一封邮件，索引号为1开始
      
      
      
      
 index = len(mails)
      
      
      
      
 resp_two, lines, octets_two = server.retr(index)
      
      
      
      
 #lines存储邮件原始文本每行并进行解析
      
      
      
      
 msg_content = b'\r\n'.join(lines).decode('utf-8')
      
      
      
      
 msg = Parser().parsestr(msg_content)
      
      
      
      
 #可以根据邮件索引从服务器删除邮件
      
      
      
      
 #server.dele(index)
      
      
      
      
 #关闭邮件
      
      
      
      
 server.quit()
      
      
      
      
 print_info(msg)
      
      
      
      
 
      
      
      
      
#编码设置
      
      
      
      
def guess_charset(my_msg):
      
      
      
      
 charset = my_msg.get_charset()
      
      
      
      
 if charset is None:
      
      
      
      
 content_type = my_msg.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
      
      
      
      
 pos = content_type.find('charset=')
      
      
      
      
 if pos >= 0:
      
      
      
      
 charset = content_type[pos + 8:].strip()
      
      
      
      
 return charset
      
      
      
      

      
      
      
      
def decode_str(s):
      
      
      
      
 value, charset = decode_header(s)[0]
      
      
      
      
 if charset:
      
      
      
      
 value = value.decode(charset)
      
      
      
      
 return value
      
      
      
      
 
      
      
      
      
# indent用于缩进显示，递归打印
      
      
      
      
def print_info(my_msg, indent=0):
      
      
      
      
 if indent == 0:
      
      
      
      
 for header in ['From', 'To','Subject']:
      
      
      
      
 value = my_msg.get(header, '')
      
      
      
      
 if value:
      
      
      
      
 if header == 'Subject':
      
      
      
      
 value = decode_str(value)
      
      
      
      
 else:
      
      
      
      
 hdr, addr = parseaddr(value)
      
      
      
      
 name = decode_str(hdr)
      
      
      
      
 value = u'%s <%s>' % (name, addr)
      
      
      
      
 print('%s%s: %s' % (' ' * indent, header, value))
      
      
      
      
 if my_msg.is_multipart():
      
      
      
      
 parts = my_msg.get_payload()
      
      
      
      
 for n, part in enumerate(parts):
      
      
      
      
 print('%spart %s' % (' ' * indent, n))
      
      
      
      
 print('%s-----------------------------------' % ' ' * indent)
      
      
      
      
 print_info(part, indent + 1)
      
      
      
      
 else:
      
      
      
      
 content_type = my_msg.get_content_type()
      
      
      
      
 if content_type == 'text/plain' or content_type == 'text/html':
      
      
      
      
 content = my_msg.get_payload(decode=True)
      
      
      
      
 charset = guess_charset(my_msg)
      
      
      
      
 if charset:
      
      
      
      
 content = content.decode(charset)
      
      
      
      
 print('%sText: %s' % (' ' * indent, content + '...'))
      
      
      
      
 else:
      
      
      
      
 print('%sAttachment: %s' % (' ' * indent, content_type))
      
      
      
      

      
      
      
      
if __name__ == '__main__':
      
      
      
      
 get_email()
     
     
     
     

   

学习博客： http://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-smtp.html

学习博客： http://babyshen.blog.51cto.com/8405584/1887072

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