spring管理事物的几种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。
    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。
http://dl.iteye.com/upload/attachment/517752/1a809961-f573-30ef-9b93-e83bb61d2fca.jpg
根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
    </bean>    
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager" 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
      
    <!-- 配置DAO --> 
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
      
    <bean id="userDao"    
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">    
           <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->    
           <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />       
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />    
         <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" /> 
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
        <property name="transactionAttributes">    
            <props>    
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> 
            </props>    
        </property>    
    </bean>    
</beans>

第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
    </bean>    
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager" 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
      
    <bean id="transactionBase"    
            class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"    
            lazy-init="true" abstract="true">    
        <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->    
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
        <property name="transactionAttributes">    
            <props>    
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>    
            </props>    
        </property>    
    </bean>      
     
    <!-- 配置DAO --> 
    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
      
    <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >    
        <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />     
    </bean> 
</beans> 
第三种方式：使用拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd"> 
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
    </bean>    
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager" 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean>   
     
    <bean id="transactionInterceptor"    
        class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">    
        <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />    
        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->    
        <property name="transactionAttributes">    
            <props>    
                <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>    
            </props>    
        </property>    
    </bean> 
        
    <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">    
        <property name="beanNames">    
            <list>    
                <value>*Dao</value> 
            </list>    
        </property>    
        <property name="interceptorNames">    
            <list>    
                <value>transactionInterceptor</value>    
            </list>    
        </property>    
    </bean>    
    
    <!-- 配置DAO --> 
    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
</beans> 
第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
 
    <context:annotation-config /> 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
    </bean>    
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager" 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
 
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager"> 
        <tx:attributes> 
            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" /> 
        </tx:attributes> 
    </tx:advice> 
      
    <aop:config> 
        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts" 
            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" /> 
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" 
            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />          
    </aop:config>        
</beans> 
第五种方式：全注解
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans   
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd"> 
 
    <context:annotation-config /> 
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" /> 
 
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/> 
 
    <bean id="sessionFactory"    
            class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">    
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />    
        <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" /> 
    </bean>    
 
    <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->    
    <bean id="transactionManager" 
        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager"> 
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" /> 
    </bean> 
      
</beans> 
此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下
package com.bluesky.spring.dao;  
 
import java.util.List;  
 
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;  
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;  
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;  
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;  
 
import com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;  
 
@Transactional 
@Component("userDao")  
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {  
 
    public List<User> listUsers() {  
        return this.getSession().createQuery("from User").list();  
    }  
      
      
}