四种排序算法学习

无聊中eMule了一份中文版的<<算法导论>>来看，发现是1993年出版的古物，寒。
在网上google一通，发现一个网站 Computer Programming Algorithms Directory，进去先看看Sorting Algorithms部分。
所以今天学习了一下四种排序算法，见Andrew Kitchen的 Sorting Algorithms的applet动画显示。

Bubble Sort

/*
 * @(#)BubbleSortAlgorithm.java	1.6f 95/01/31 James Gosling
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994-1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
 * and its documentation for NON-COMMERCIAL or COMMERCIAL purposes and
 * without fee is hereby granted. 
 * Please refer to the file http://java.sun.com/copy_trademarks.html
 * for further important copyright and trademark information and to
 * http://java.sun.com/licensing.html for further important licensing
 * information for the Java (tm) Technology.
 * 
 * SUN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF
 * THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. SUN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR
 * DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE AS ON-LINE
 * CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING FAIL-SAFE
 * PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT
 * NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT LIFE
 * SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
 * SOFTWARE COULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE
 * PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  SUN
 * SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR
 * HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
 */

/**
 * A bubble sort demonstration algorithm
 * SortAlgorithm.java, Thu Oct 27 10:32:35 1994
 *
 * @author James Gosling
 * @version 	1.6f, 31 Jan 1995
 */
class BubbleSortAlgorithm extends SortAlgorithm {
    void sort(int a[]) throws Exception {
	for (int i = a.length; --i>=0; )
	    for (int j = 0; j<i; j++) {
		if (stopRequested) {
		    return;
		}
		if (a[j] > a[j+1]) {
		    int T = a[j];
		    a[j] = a[j+1];
		    a[j+1] = T;
		}
		pause(i,j);
	    }
	pause(-1,-1);
    }
}

Bubble Sort is a sequential algorithm, with an average case time of O(n2).
经典的冒泡排序。这种方法的基本思想是，将待排序的元素看作是竖着排列的“气泡”，较小的元素比较轻，从而要往上浮。在冒泡排序算法中我们要对这个“气泡”序列处理
若干遍。所谓一遍处理，就是自底向上检查一遍这个序列，并时刻注意两个相邻的元素的顺序是否正确。如果发现两个相邻元素的顺序不对，即“轻”的元素在下面，就交换它
们的位置。显然，处理一遍之后，“最轻”的元素就浮到了最高位置；处理二遍之后，“次轻”的元素就浮到了次高位置。在作第二遍处理时，由于最高位置上的元素已是“最
轻”元素，所以不必检查。一般地，第i遍处理时，不必检查第i高位置以上的元素，因为经过前面i-1遍的处理，它们已正确地排好序。
以上解释来自 http://algorithm.diy.myrice.com/algorithm/commonalg/sort/internal_sorting/bubble_sort/bubble_sort.htm

Quick Sort

/*
 * @(#)QSortAlgorithm.java	1.6f 95/01/31 James Gosling
 *
 * Copyright (c) 1994-1995 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software
 * and its documentation for NON-COMMERCIAL or COMMERCIAL purposes and
 * without fee is hereby granted. 
 * Please refer to the file http://java.sun.com/copy_trademarks.html
 * for further important copyright and trademark information and to
 * http://java.sun.com/licensing.html for further important licensing
 * information for the Java (tm) Technology.
 * 
 * SUN MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF
 * THE SOFTWARE, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
 * TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. SUN SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
 * ANY DAMAGES SUFFERED BY LICENSEE AS A RESULT OF USING, MODIFYING OR
 * DISTRIBUTING THIS SOFTWARE OR ITS DERIVATIVES.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE AS ON-LINE
 * CONTROL EQUIPMENT IN HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING FAIL-SAFE
 * PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT
 * NAVIGATION OR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, DIRECT LIFE
 * SUPPORT MACHINES, OR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE
 * SOFTWARE COULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO DEATH, PERSONAL INJURY, OR SEVERE
 * PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ("HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES").  SUN
 * SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR
 * HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.
 */

/**
 * A quick sort demonstration algorithm
 * SortAlgorithm.java, Thu Oct 27 10:32:35 1994
 *
 * @author James Gosling
 * @version 	1.6f, 31 Jan 1995
 */
class QSortAlgorithm extends SortAlgorithm {
    void sort(int a[], int lo0, int hi0) throws Exception {
	int lo = lo0;
	int hi = hi0;
	pause(lo, hi);
	if (lo >= hi) {
	    return;
	}
	int mid = a[(lo + hi) / 2];
	while (lo < hi) {
	    while (lo<hi && a[lo] < mid) {
		lo++;
	    }
	    while (lo<hi && a[hi] > mid) {
		hi--;
	    }
	    if (lo < hi) {
		int T = a[lo];
		a[lo] = a[hi];
		a[hi] = T;
		pause();
	    }
	}
	if (hi < lo) {
	    int T = hi;
	    hi = lo;
	    lo = T;
	}
	sort(a, lo0, lo);
	sort(a, lo == lo0 ? lo+1 : lo, hi0);
    }

    void sort(int a[]) throws Exception {
	sort(a, 0, a.length-1);
	pause(-1,-1);
    }
}

Quick Sort is a sequential algorithm, with an average case time of O(n log n).
快速排序的基本思想是基于分治策略的。对于输入的子序列L[p..r]，如果规模足够小则直接进行排序，否则分三步处理：
1，分解(Divide)：将输入的序列L[p..r]划分成两个非空子序列L[p..q]和L[q+1..r]，使L[p..q]中任一元素的值不大于L[q+1..r]中任一元素的值。
2，递归求解(Conquer)：通过递归调用快速排序算法分别对L[p..q]和L[q+1..r]进行排序。
3，合并(Merge)：由于对分解出的两个子序列的排序是就地进行的，所以在L[p..q]和L[q+1..r]都排好序后不需要执行任何计算L[p..r]就已排好序。
这个解决流程是符合分治法的基本步骤的。因此，快速排序法是分治法的经典应用实例之一。
以上解释来自 http://algorithm.diy.myrice.com/algorithm/commonalg/sort/internal_sorting/quick_sort/quick_sort.htm

Odd-Even Transposition Sort

/*
 * @(#)OETransSortAlgorithm.java	95/11/22 Andrew Kitchen
 *
 */

/**
 * An Odd-Even Transposition sort demonstration algorithm
 *
 * @author Andrew Kitchen
 * @version 	22 Nov 1995
 */
class OETransSortAlgorithm extends SortAlgorithm {
    void sort(int a[]) throws Exception {
	pause(0,a.length-1);
	for (int i = 0; i < a.length/2; i++ ) {
		if (stopRequested) {
		    return;
		}
		for (int j = 0; j+1 < a.length; j += 2) 
		    if (a[j] > a[j+1]) {
		        int T = a[j];
		        a[j] = a[j+1];
		        a[j+1] = T;
		    }
		pause(); pause();
		for (int j = 1; j+1 < a.length; j += 2) 
		    if (a[j] > a[j+1]) {
		        int T = a[j];
		        a[j] = a[j+1];
		        a[j+1] = T;
		    }
		pause(); pause();
	}	
	pause(-1,-1);
    }
}

Odd-Even Transposition Sort is a parallel algorithm, with an worst case time of O(n), running on n processors. Its absolute speed up
is O(log n), so its efficiency is O((log n)/n).
主要思想为奇偶位两个循环并行排序。

Shear Sort

/**
 * A shear sort demonstration algorithm
 * SortAlgorithm.java, Thu Nov 27 1995
 *
 * author Andrew Kitchen
 */

class ShearSortAlgorithm extends SortAlgorithm {
    private int Log, Rows, Cols;

    void sort(int a[]) throws Exception {
	int pow=1, div=1;
	int h[];

	for(int i=1; i*i<=a.length; i++) 
	    if (a.length % i == 0) div = i;
	Rows = div; Cols = a.length / div;
	for(Log=0; pow<=Rows; Log++) 
	    pow = pow * 2;

	h = new int[Rows];
	for (int i=0; i<Rows; i++)
	    h[i]=i*Cols;

	for (int k=0; k<Log; k++) {
	    for (int j=0; j<Cols/2; j++) {
		for (int i=0; i<Rows; i++)
	            sortPart1(a,i*Cols,(i+1)*Cols,1,(i%2==0?true:false));
		apause(h);
		for (int i=0; i<Rows; i++)
	            sortPart2(a,i*Cols,(i+1)*Cols,1,(i%2==0?true:false));
		apause(h);
	    }
	    for (int j=0; j<Rows/2; j++) {
		for (int i=0; i<Cols; i++)
	            sortPart1(a,i,Rows*Cols+i,Cols,true);
		apause(h);
		for (int i=0; i<Cols; i++)
	            sortPart2(a,i,Rows*Cols+i,Cols,true);
	        apause(h);
	    }
	}
	for (int j=0; j<Cols/2; j++) {
	    for (int i=0; i<Rows; i++)
	        sortPart1(a,i*Cols,(i+1)*Cols,1,true);
	    apause(h);
	    for (int i=0; i<Rows; i++)
	        sortPart2(a,i*Cols,(i+1)*Cols,1,true);
	    apause(h);
	}
	for (int i=0; i<Rows; i++)
	    h[i]=-1;
	apause(h);
    }

    private void sortPart1(int a[], int Lo, int Hi, int Nx, boolean Up) throws Exception {
	    for (int j = Lo; j+Nx<Hi; j+=2*Nx) 
		if ((Up && a[j] > a[j+Nx]) || !Up && a[j] < a[j+Nx]) {
		    int T = a[j];
		    a[j] = a[j+Nx];
		    a[j+Nx] = T;
		}
    }

    private void sortPart2(int a[], int Lo, int Hi, int Nx, boolean Up) throws Exception {
	    for (int j = Lo+Nx; j+Nx<Hi; j+=2*Nx) 
		if ((Up && a[j] > a[j+Nx]) || !Up && a[j] < a[j+Nx]) {
		    int T = a[j];
		    a[j] = a[j+Nx];
		    a[j+Nx] = T;
		}
    }
}

Shear Sort is a parallel algorithm, with an worst case time of O(n1/2 log n), running on n processors. Its absolute speed up is
O(n1/2), so its efficiency is O(1/n1/2).
主要思想为将N个数的数组分配到长度为sqrt(N)的grid，然后分别对行和列并行排序。