在Java 语言中,从织入切面的方式上来看,存在三种织入方式:编译期织入、类加载期织入和运行期织入。编译期织入是指在Java编译期,采用特殊的编译器,将切面织入到Java类中;而类加载期织入则指通过特殊的类加载器,在类字节码加载到JVM时,织入切面;运行期织入则是采用CGLib工具或JDK动态代理进行切面的织入。
AspectJ采用编译期织入和类加载期织入的方式织入切面,是语言级的AOP实现,提供了完备的AOP支持。它用AspectJ语言定义切面,在编译期或类加载期将切面织入到Java类中。
AspectJ提供了两种切面织入方式,第一种通过特殊编译器,在编译期,将AspectJ语言编写的切面类织入到Java类中,可以通过一个Ant或Maven任务来完成这个操作;第二种方式是类加载期织入,也简称为LTW(Load Time Weaving)。
使用AspectJ LTW有两个主要步骤,第一,通过JVM的-javaagent参数设置LTW的织入器类包,以代理JVM默认的类加载器;第二,LTW织入器需要一个 aop.xml文件,在该文件中指定切面类和需要进行切面织入的目标类。
设置-javaagent JVM参数的方法:
(1)在Eclipse下的设置:
运行类->右键单击->Run As->Run...,可以在弹出的Run设置窗口设置该类的各项运行属性,切换到Arguments Tab页,在VM arguments中通过-javaagent指定AspectJ 织入器类包。-javaagent:E:\workspace\lib\spring2.5\aspectjweaver.jar
(2)在Tomcat下的设置
打开<Tomcat_Home>\bin\catalina.bat,在该批处理文件头部添加以下的设置:
set JAVA_OPTS=-javaagent:E:\workspace\lib\spring2.5\aspectjweaver.jar
一、配置LTW织入器的aop.xml配置文件
LTW织入器在工作时,首先会查找类路径下META-INF /aop.xml的配置文件,并根据配置文件的设置进行织入的操作。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<aspectj>
<aspects>
<!-- ①切面类 -->
<aspect name="quickstart.aspectj.Monitor" />
</aspects>
<weaver
options="-showWeaveInfo -XmessageHandlerClass:org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJWeaverMessageHandler">
<!-- ② 指定需要进行织入操作的目标类范围 -->
<include within="quickstart.service..*" />
</weaver>
</aspectj>
二、切面织入的目标类和切面实例
package quickstart.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import quickstart.dao.PersonDao;
import quickstart.model.Person;
import quickstart.service.PeopleService;
public class PeopleServiceImpl implements PeopleService{
//通过类型(byType为默认)的自动连接可能会有多个候选,
//通过使用@Qualifier注解,使用名称(byName)来限定
@Autowired
@Qualifier("personDao")
private PersonDao personDao;
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
public void savePerson(Person person) {
personDao.save(person);
}
@Transactional(readOnly = true, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
public Person findPersonById(Integer id) {
return personDao.findById(id);
}
@Transactional(readOnly = true, propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
public List findPersonByJPQL(String jpql){
return personDao.findByJPQL(jpql);
}
package quickstart.aspectj;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
@Aspect
public class Monitor {
@Pointcut("execution(* quickstart.service.impl.*.*(..))")
public void anyService(){}
@Before("quickstart.aspectj.Monitor.anyService()")
public void log(JoinPoint joinPoint){
System.out.println("Service Method " + joinPoint.getSignature().getName() + " Invocation!");
}
}
三、Spring配置文件applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd">
<!-- 需要指定factory-method="aspectOf"属性,以便确保Spring从AspectJ获取切面实例,而非自己创建该实例。 -->
<bean id="momitor" class="quickstart.aspectj.Monitor" factory-method="aspectOf"/>
<!-- 自动装配注解Bean后置处理器 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor"/>
<!-- JPA注解Bean后置处理器 -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.support.PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<!-- 利用Spring的实体管理器工厂来创建JPA实体管理器 -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
<bean
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter">
<property name="database" value="MYSQL" />
<property name="showSql" value="true" />
<!-- <property name="generateDdl" value="true" /> -->
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="dataSource"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="root" />
</bean>
<!-- 声明一个Spring提供的JPA事务管理器,传入的参数是Spring中的实体管理器工厂 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 开启Spring提供的基于注解的声明式事务管理 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
<!-- 直接使用Spring的 JpaTemplate -->
<bean id="jpaTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTemplate">
<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="personDao" class="quickstart.dao.impl.PersonDaoImpl" autowire="byName"/>
<bean id="peopleService" class="quickstart.service.impl.PeopleServiceImpl"/>
</beans>
四、测试
package logcd.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Ignore;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import quickstart.model.Address;
import quickstart.model.Person;
import quickstart.service.PeopleService;
public class JpaServiceTest {
private static ApplicationContext appContext;
private static PeopleService peopleService;
@BeforeClass
public static void Init(){
appContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
peopleService = (PeopleService)appContext.getBean("peopleService");
}
@Test
public void findById(){
Person person = peopleService.findPersonById(new Integer(2));
System.out.println(person.getFirstName()+person.getLastName());
//System.out.println(person.getAddress().getStreetName());
}
@Test
public void findByJPQL(){
StringBuilder jpql = new StringBuilder();
jpql.append(" FROM Person p JOIN FETCH p.address");
List list = peopleService.findPersonByJPQL(jpql.toString());
for(Object obj : list){
Person person = (Person)obj;
System.out.println(person.getFirstName() + person.getLastName());
System.out.println(person.getAddress().getStreetName());
}
}
}