struts2

听说struts2出来了，与webwork2的差别也不是很大，robbin说迁移很easy，禁不住诱惑，我也尝试了一把，然则发现其实好像没那么容易啊，下面把一些过程记下来。

1、JDK版本，首先我们用的是JDK1.4，一直不太敢使用JDK5，因为我们开发的系统很有可能还要在用户很久以前的系统上跑，怕出兼容问题，所以struts2我们只能选用其jdk4的那个版本了。放入的jar是：

xwork-j4-2.0.1.jar、struts2-core-j4-2.0.6.jar、retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.0.jar、retrotranslator-runtime-1.2.0.jar、backport-util-concurrent-3.0.jar

2、受到一个jar包的名字的引诱，就是struts2-spring-plugin-2.0.6.jar，于是将这个jar放到了lib中，出现了版本不兼容的异常，系统不能启动，于是找到源码，用jdk4重新编译了一下，好了。然后将struts-plugin.xml也放到了classes下面。这时候还是一直启动不了。郁闷。非常郁闷，找到以前的项目不停的对比。最后发现struts2-spring-plugin-2.0.6.jar这个jar完全没用，也就是说里面的那个类StrutsSpringObjectFactory对系统来说是没用的。删掉，然后将struts-plugin.xml也删掉了。最后的各种配置文件如下：

struts.properties文件内容如下，注意的是：

struts.objectFactory = spring这句要注释掉

struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire=name要保留

struts.configuration.files=struts-default.xml,struts.xml（里面不能有struts-plugin.xml文件）

### Struts default properties
###(can be overridden by a struts.properties file in the root of the classpath)
###

### Specifies the Configuration used to configure Struts
### one could extend org.apache.struts2.config.Configuration
### to build one's customize way of getting the configurations parameters into Struts
# struts.configuration=org.apache.struts2.config.DefaultConfiguration

### This can be used to set your default locale and encoding scheme
# struts.locale=en_US
struts.i18n.encoding=UTF-8

### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
#struts.objectFactory = spring
#上面这句一定要注释掉。
### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name

### indicates to the struts-spring integration if Class instances should be cached
### this should, until a future Spring release makes it possible, be left as true
### unless you know exactly what you are doing!
### valid values are: true, false (true is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.useClassCache = true

### if specified, the default object type determiner can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "tiger" or "notiger"
###       Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.ObjectTypeDeterminer implementation name here
### Note: if you have the xwork-tiger.jar within your classpath, GenericsObjectTypeDeterminer is used by default
###       To disable tiger support use the "notiger" property value here.
#struts.objectTypeDeterminer = tiger
#struts.objectTypeDeterminer = notiger

### Parser to handle HTTP POST requests, encoded using the MIME-type multipart/form-data
# struts.multipart.parser=cos
# struts.multipart.parser=pell
struts.multipart.parser=jakarta
# uses javax.servlet.context.tempdir by default
struts.multipart.saveDir=
struts.multipart.maxSize=2097152

### Load custom property files (does not override struts.properties!)
# struts.custom.properties=application,org/apache/struts2/extension/custom

### How request URLs are mapped to and from actions
#struts.mapper.class=org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.mapper.DefaultActionMapper

### Used by the DefaultActionMapper
### You may provide a comma separated list, e.g. struts.action.extension=action,jnlp,do
struts.action.extension=action

### Used by FilterDispatcher
### If true then Struts serves static content from inside its jar.
### If false then the static content must be available at <context_path></context_path>/struts
struts.serve.static=true

### Used by FilterDispatcher
### This is good for development where one wants changes to the static content be
### fetch on each request.
### NOTE: This will only have effect if struts.serve.static=true
### If true -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they will
###             be cached by web browsers (using Date, Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires)
###             headers).
### If false -> Struts will write out header for static contents such that they are
###            NOT to be cached by web browser (using Cache-Content, Pragma, Expires
###            headers)
struts.serve.static.browserCache=true

### Set this to false if you wish to disable implicit dynamic method invocation
### via the URL request. This includes URLs like foo!bar.action, as well as params
### like method:bar (but not action:foo).
### An alternative to implicit dynamic method invocation is to use wildcard
### mappings, such as <action></action>"*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}">
struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation = true

### Set this to true if you wish to allow slashes in your action names.  If false,
### Actions names cannot have slashes, and will be accessible via any directory
### prefix.  This is the traditional behavior expected of WebWork applications.
### Setting to true is useful when you want to use wildcards and store values
### in the URL, to be extracted by wildcard patterns, such as
### <action></action>"*/*" method="{2}" class="actions.{1}"> to match "/foo/edit" or
### "/foo/save".
struts.enable.SlashesInActionNames = false

### use alternative syntax that requires %{} in most places
### to evaluate expressions for String attributes for tags
struts.tag.altSyntax=true

### when set to true, Struts will act much more friendly for developers. This
### includes:
### - struts.i18n.reload = true
### - struts.configuration.xml.reload = true
### - raising various debug or ignorable problems to errors
###   For example: normally a request to foo.action?someUnknownField=true should
###                be ignored (given that any value can come from the web and it
###                should not be trusted). However, during development, it may be
###                useful to know when these errors are happening and be told of
###                them right away.
struts.devMode = true

### when set to true, resource bundles will be reloaded on _every_ request.
### this is good during development, but should never be used in production
struts.i18n.reload=true

### Standard UI theme
### Change this to reflect which path should be used for JSP control tag templates by default
struts.ui.theme=jsxhtml
struts.ui.templateDir=template
#sets the default template type. Either ftl, vm, or jsp
struts.ui.templateSuffix=ftl

### Configuration reloading
### This will cause the configuration to reload struts.xml when it is changed
struts.configuration.xml.reload=true

### Location of velocity.properties file.  defaults to velocity.properties
###struts.velocity.configfile = velocity.properties

### Comma separated list of VelocityContext classnames to chain to the StrutsVelocityContext
###struts.velocity.contexts =

### Location of the velocity toolbox
###struts.velocity.toolboxlocation=

### used to build URLs, such as the UrlTag
struts.url.http.port = 80
struts.url.https.port = 443
### possible values are: none, get or all
struts.url.includeParams = get

### Load custom default resource bundles
# struts.custom.i18n.resources=testmessages,testmessages2

### workaround for some app servers that don't handle HttpServletRequest.getParameterMap()
### often used for WebLogic, Orion, and OC4J
struts.dispatcher.parametersWorkaround = false

### configure the Freemarker Manager class to be used
### Allows user to plug-in customised Freemarker Manager if necessary
### MUST extends off org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager
#struts.freemarker.manager.classname=org.apache.struts2.views.freemarker.FreemarkerManager

### See the StrutsBeanWrapper javadocs for more information
struts.freemarker.wrapper.altMap=true

### configure the XSLTResult class to use stylesheet caching.
### Set to true for developers and false for production.
struts.xslt.nocache=false

### A list of configuration files automatically loaded by Struts
struts.configuration.files=struts-default.xml,struts.xml
#不能加载struts-plugin.xml，在classpath下面也不能有这个文件
### Whether to always select the namespace to be everything before the last slash or not
struts.mapper.alwaysSelectFullNamespace=false

struts.xml 的代码如下，规模开发时，每个人拥有自己的配置文件，避免文件提交冲突。这个文件曾经犯晕，将struts-plugin.xml文件include进来了，结果总是启动不了，报空指针异常。去掉。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
    <include file="struts-default.xml" />
    <include file="struts-application.xml" />
    <include file="struts-common.xml" />
    <include file="struts-dym.xml" />
    <include file="struts-zxw.xml" />
    <include file="struts-hw.xml" />
    <include file="struts-zw.xml" />
    <include file="struts-lb.xml" />
    <include file="struts-lx.xml" />
    <include file="struts-cjh.xml" />
    <include file="struts-wyf.xml" />
</struts>

 

下面的代码比较重要，其中相比webwork2.2.2时，增加了一个拦截器autowiring，把它放在了拦截器栈的最上面。这样就可以将spring配置文件的service示例，以名字的形式，自动注入到action中，完成action对业务service的调用。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
    <package name="default" extends="struts-default">
        <interceptors>
            <!-- Interceptor to catch exceptions and display mapped exception result -->
            <interceptor name="exceptionHandler" class="com.broadtext.framework.web.interceptor.ExceptionHandleInterceptor" />
            <interceptor name="authorizationHandler" class="com.broadtext.framework.web.interceptor.AuthorizationInterceptor" />
            <interceptor name="autowiring" class="com.opensymphony.xwork2.spring.interceptor.ActionAutowiringInterceptor"/>

            <interceptor-stack name="appDefaultStack">
                <interceptor-ref name="autowiring"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="exception"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="alias"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="servlet-config"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="prepare"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="chain"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="model-driven"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="static-params"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                <interceptor-ref name="exceptionHandler" />
                <interceptor-ref name="authorizationHandler" />
            </interceptor-stack>
        </interceptors>
        <default-interceptor-ref name="appDefaultStack" />


        <global-results>
            <result name="appBaseError">/pages/common/appBaseError.jsp</result>
            <result name="runtimeError">/pages/common/runtimeError.jsp</result>
            <result name="unkownError">/pages/common/runtimeError.jsp</result>
        </global-results>
    </package>
</struts>

 

这是userService的spring配置代码，使用的是Spring2.0.1。

<bean id="userService" class="com.broadtext.cmshzhgl.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="dao" ref="baseDao"></property>
        <property name="utilService" ref="utilService"></property>
        <property name="roleService" ref="roleService"></property>
    </bean>

这是测试Action的 代码，用来测试一下是不是可以调用spring配置的业务service了。

public class LoginAction extends BaseAction {
    private UserService userService;
    public String login(){
        String aaa = userService.getTestString();
        System.out.println(aaa);
        return SUCCESS;
    }
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
}

action与jsp之间的struts配置文件代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">

<struts>
    <package name="test" extends="default" namespace="/pages/test">
        <action name="login" class="com.broadtext.cmshzhgl.security.action.LoginAction" method="login">
            <result name="success">/pages/common/currentUser.jsp</result>
        </action>
    </package>
</struts>

 

总体感觉是：对于具体的开发业务的配置，xwork.xml变到struts.xml比较简单，但是spring如何注入还是比较麻烦的，要改几个文件的内容，而不是简单的将webwork和xwork改成struts就ok，主要问题struts提供了好几种spring注入的选择，弄得有些犯晕。上面我只列出其中一种配置方案，更多的配置方法慢慢再体验吧。