Hibernate 复合主键

[zt]hibernate复合主键
key words:hibernate,复合主键,composite-id




基于业务需求,您会需要使用两个字段来作复合主键,例如在User数据表中,您也许会使用"name"与"phone"两个字段来定义复合主键。

假设您这么建立User表格:

CREATE TABLE user (

    name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

    phone VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

    age INT,

    PRIMARY KEY(name, phone)

);




在表格中,"name"与"age"被定义为复合主键,在映像时,您可以让User类别直接带有"name"与"age"这两个属性,而Hibernate要求复合主键类别要实作Serializable接口,并定义equals()与hashCode()方法:

User.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;

 

// 复合主键类的对应类别必须实作Serializable接口

public class User implements Serializable {

    private String name;

    private String phone;

    private Integer age;

   

    public User() {

    }

 

    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public String getPhone() {

        return phone;

    }

 

    public void setPhone(String phone) {

        this.phone = phone;

    }

   

    // 必须重新定义equals()与hashCode()

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if(obj == this) {

            return true;

        }

       

        if(!(obj instanceof User)) {

            return false;

        }

       

        User user = (User) obj;

        return new EqualsBuilder()

                 .append(this.name, user.getName())

                 .append(this.phone, user.getPhone())

                 .isEquals();

       

    }

   

    public int hashCode() {

        return new HashCodeBuilder()

                 .append(this.name)

                 .append(this.phone)

                 .toHashCode();

    }

}




equals()与hashCode()方法被用作两笔不同数据的识别依据;接着您可以使用<composite-id>在映射文件中定义复合主键与对象的属性对应:

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping

    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 

<hibernate-mapping>

 

    <class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" table="user">

        <composite-id>

            <key-property name="name"

                          column="name"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

            <key-property name="phone"

                          column="phone"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

        </composite-id>

 

        <property name="age" column="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>

   

    </class>

</hibernate-mapping>




在储存数据方面,复合主键的储存没什么区别,现在的问题在于如何依据复合主键来查询数据,例如使用load()方法,您可以创建一个User实例,并设定复合主键对应的属性,接着再透过load()查询对应的数据,例如:
User user = new User();

user.setName("bush");

user.setPhone("0970123456");

       

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

// 以实例设定复合主键并加载对应的数据

user = (User) session.load(User.class, user);

       

System.out.println(user.getAge() + "\t" +

                                  user.getName() + "\t" +

                                  user.getPhone());

session.close();







可以将主键的信息独立为一个类别,例如:

UserPK.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

 

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;

import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;

 

public class UserPK implements Serializable {

    private String name;

    private String phone;

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public String getPhone() {

        return phone;

    }

 

    public void setPhone(String phone) {

        this.phone = phone;

    }

   

    public boolean equals(Object obj) {

        if(obj == this) {

            return true;

        }

       

        if(!(obj instanceof User)) {

            return false;

        }

       

        UserPK pk = (UserPK) obj;

        return new EqualsBuilder()

                 .append(this.name, pk.getName())

                 .append(this.phone, pk.getPhone())

                 .isEquals();

       

    }

   

    public int hashCode() {

        return new HashCodeBuilder()

                 .append(this.name)

                 .append(this.phone)

                 .toHashCode();

    }

}




现在User类别的主键信息被分离出来了,例如:

User.java

package onlyfun.caterpillar;

 

import java.io.Serializable;

 

public class User implements Serializable {

    private UserPK userPK; // 主键

    private Integer age;

   

    public User() {

    }

 

    public UserPK getUserPK() {

        return userPK;

    }

 

    public void setUserPK(UserPK userPK) {

        this.userPK = userPK;

    }

 

    public Integer getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(Integer age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

}




在映像文件方面,需要指定主键类的信息,例如:

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping

    PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"

    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

 

<hibernate-mapping>

 

    <class name="onlyfun.caterpillar.User" table="user">

        <composite-id name="userPK"

                      class="onlyfun.caterpillar.UserPK"

                      unsaved-value="any">

            <key-property name="name"

                          column="name"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

            <key-property name="phone"

                          column="phone"

                          type="java.lang.String"/>

        </composite-id>

       

        <property name="age" column="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>

   

    </class>

 

</hibernate-mapping>




在查询数据时,必须指定主键信息,例如:

UserPK pk = new UserPK();

pk.setName("bush");

pk.setPhone("0970123456");

      

Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

// 以主键类实例设定复合主键并加载对应的数据

User user = (User) session.load(User.class, pk);

      

System.out.println(user.getAge() + "\t" +

                                  user.getUserPK().getName() + "\t" +

                                  user.getUserPK().getPhone());

session.close();

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