什么是Thrift
The Apache Thrift software framework, for scalable cross-language services development, combines a software stack with a code generation engine to build services that work efficiently and seamlessly between C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, OCaml and Delphi and other languages
上面这段话选自Apache对Thrift的一句话介绍，Thrift是一个高性能的RPC服务框架。在技术选型时，有如下三方面的需求时，考虑使用Thrift
1.高并发
2.请求和响应的数据传输量大
3.业务系统跨多种语言
个人认为在没有特别strong的理由情况下，慎用Thrift。HTTP请求通常都能够满足需求，使用Thrift带来很多开发上的额外的工作量，一个简单的服务，就要写客户端代码，.thrift接口定义以及服务器端的服务响应代码，简单的事情复杂化。使用更多的RPC框架是codehaus的Hessian
Thrift安装
以在Ubuntu上安装为例
参考：
http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/debian
http://thrift.apache.org/docs/BuildingFromSource
1.下载Thrift安装包
http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/thrift/0.9.1/thrift-0.9.1.tar.gz
2.安装Thrift编译和安装所以来的工具和库
sudo apt-get install libboost-dev libboost-test-dev libboost-program-options-dev libevent-dev automake libtool flex bison pkg-config g++ libssl-dev
3.解压thrift-0.9.1.tar.gz
tar -xzvf thrift-0.9.1.tar.gz
4.进入Thrift的解压目录
5.在终端命令行执行命令
./configure JAVAC=/software/devsoftware/jdk1.7.0_55/javac
--JAVAC选项表示显式的指定javac命令的位置，而不需thrift在编译时根据系统配置进行猜测
配置过程提示信息如下，等Thrift熟悉了，再来看看这个过程应该是比较有意思的
tom$ ./configure JAVAC=/software/devsoftware/jdk1.7.0_55/javac
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking whether build environment is sane... yes
checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
checking how to create a ustar tar archive... gnutar
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking for style of include used by make... GNU
checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
checking how to run the C preprocessor... gcc -E
checking for g++... g++
checking whether we are using the GNU C++ compiler... yes
checking whether g++ accepts -g... yes
checking dependency style of g++... gcc3
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking how to print strings... printf
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking for fgrep... /bin/grep -F
checking for ld used by gcc... /usr/bin/ld
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for BSD- or MS-compatible name lister (nm)... /usr/bin/nm -B
checking the name lister (/usr/bin/nm -B) interface... BSD nm
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864
checking whether the shell understands some XSI constructs... yes
checking whether the shell understands "+="... yes
checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu format... func_convert_file_noop
checking how to convert x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu file names to toolchain format... func_convert_file_noop
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for objdump... objdump
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking for dlltool... no
checking how to associate runtime and link libraries... printf %s\n
checking for ar... ar
checking for archiver @FILE support... @
checking for strip... strip
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from gcc object... ok
checking for sysroot... no
checking for mt... mt
checking if mt is a manifest tool... no
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking for objdir... .libs
checking if gcc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
checking for gcc option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
checking if gcc PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
checking if gcc static flag -static works... yes
checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if gcc supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the gcc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... yes
checking how to run the C++ preprocessor... g++ -E
checking for ld used by g++... /usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) is GNU ld... yes
checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking for g++ option to produce PIC... -fPIC -DPIC
checking if g++ PIC flag -fPIC -DPIC works... yes
checking if g++ static flag -static works... yes
checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking if g++ supports -c -o file.o... (cached) yes
checking whether the g++ linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking dynamic linker characteristics... (cached) GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... (cached) yes
checking for bison... bison -y
checking for flex... flex
checking lex output file root... lex.yy
checking lex library... -lfl
checking whether yytext is a pointer... yes
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for gawk... (cached) mawk
checking for ranlib... (cached) ranlib
checking for boostlib >= 1.40.0... yes
checking for libevent >= 1.0... yes
checking for zlib >= 1.2.3... yes
checking for QT... no
checking for GLIB... no
checking for GOBJECT... no
checking for MONO... no
checking for MONO... no
checking for javac and java... no
checking for ant... no
checking for ant version > 1.7... expr: syntax error
no
checking for erl... no
checking for erlc... no
checking for a Python interpreter with version >= 2.4... python
checking for python... /usr/bin/python
checking for python version... 2.7
checking for python platform... linux2
checking for python script directory... ${prefix}/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
checking for python extension module directory... ${exec_prefix}/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
checking for trial... /usr/bin/trial
checking for perl... /usr/bin/perl
checking for perl module Bit::Vector... no
checking for php... no
checking for php-config... no
checking for phpunit... no
checking for ruby... no
checking for rake... no
checking for bundle... no
checking for cabal... no
checking for runhaskell... no
checking for go... no
checking for DMD... no
checking for library containing strerror... none required
checking for an ANSI C-conforming const... yes
checking for inline... inline
checking for working volatile... yes
checking for stdbool.h that conforms to C99... yes
checking for _Bool... no
checking for ANSI C header files... (cached) yes
checking whether time.h and sys/time.h may both be included... yes
checking for sys/wait.h that is POSIX.1 compatible... yes
checking return type of signal handlers... void
checking arpa/inet.h usability... yes
checking arpa/inet.h presence... yes
checking for arpa/inet.h... yes
checking sys/param.h usability... yes
checking sys/param.h presence... yes
checking for sys/param.h... yes
checking fcntl.h usability... yes
checking fcntl.h presence... yes
checking for fcntl.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... (cached) yes
checking limits.h usability... yes
checking limits.h presence... yes
checking for limits.h... yes
checking netdb.h usability... yes
checking netdb.h presence... yes
checking for netdb.h... yes
checking netinet/in.h usability... yes
checking netinet/in.h presence... yes
checking for netinet/in.h... yes
checking pthread.h usability... yes
checking pthread.h presence... yes
checking for pthread.h... yes
checking stddef.h usability... yes
checking stddef.h presence... yes
checking for stddef.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
checking sys/socket.h usability... yes
checking sys/socket.h presence... yes
checking for sys/socket.h... yes
checking sys/time.h usability... yes
checking sys/time.h presence... yes
checking for sys/time.h... yes
checking sys/un.h usability... yes
checking sys/un.h presence... yes
checking for sys/un.h... yes
checking sys/poll.h usability... yes
checking sys/poll.h presence... yes
checking for sys/poll.h... yes
checking sys/resource.h usability... yes
checking sys/resource.h presence... yes
checking for sys/resource.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... (cached) yes
checking libintl.h usability... yes
checking libintl.h presence... yes
checking for libintl.h... yes
checking malloc.h usability... yes
checking malloc.h presence... yes
checking for malloc.h... yes
checking openssl/ssl.h usability... yes
checking openssl/ssl.h presence... yes
checking for openssl/ssl.h... yes
checking openssl/rand.h usability... yes
checking openssl/rand.h presence... yes
checking for openssl/rand.h... yes
checking openssl/x509v3.h usability... yes
checking openssl/x509v3.h presence... yes
checking for openssl/x509v3.h... yes
checking sched.h usability... yes
checking sched.h presence... yes
checking for sched.h... yes
checking wchar.h usability... yes
checking wchar.h presence... yes
checking for wchar.h... yes
checking for pthread_create in -lpthread... yes
checking for clock_gettime in -lrt... yes
checking for setsockopt in -lsocket... no
checking for BN_init in -lcrypto... yes
checking for SSL_ctrl in -lssl... yes
checking for int16_t... yes
checking for int32_t... yes
checking for int64_t... yes
checking for int8_t... yes
checking for mode_t... yes
checking for off_t... yes
checking for size_t... yes
checking for ssize_t... yes
checking for uint16_t... yes
checking for uint32_t... yes
checking for uint64_t... yes
checking for uint8_t... yes
checking for ptrdiff_t... yes
checking whether struct tm is in sys/time.h or time.h... time.h
checking whether AI_ADDRCONFIG is declared... yes
checking for working alloca.h... yes
checking for alloca... yes
checking for pid_t... yes
checking vfork.h usability... no
checking vfork.h presence... no
checking for vfork.h... no
checking for fork... yes
checking for vfork... yes
checking for working fork... yes
checking for working vfork... (cached) yes
checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
checking for GNU libc compatible malloc... yes
checking for working memcmp... yes
checking for stdlib.h... (cached) yes
checking for GNU libc compatible realloc... yes
checking sys/select.h usability... yes
checking sys/select.h presence... yes
checking for sys/select.h... yes
checking for sys/socket.h... (cached) yes
checking types of arguments for select... int,fd_set *,struct timeval *
checking whether lstat correctly handles trailing slash... yes
checking whether stat accepts an empty string... no
checking whether strerror_r is declared... yes
checking for strerror_r... yes
checking whether strerror_r returns char *... yes
checking for strftime... yes
checking for vprintf... yes
checking for _doprnt... no
checking for strtoul... yes
checking for bzero... yes
checking for ftruncate... yes
checking for gethostbyname... yes
checking for gettimeofday... yes
checking for memmove... yes
checking for memset... yes
checking for mkdir... yes
checking for realpath... yes
checking for select... yes
checking for socket... yes
checking for strchr... yes
checking for strdup... yes
checking for strerror... yes
checking for strstr... yes
checking for strtol... yes
checking for sqrt... yes
checking for alarm... yes
checking for clock_gettime... yes
checking for sched_get_priority_min... yes
checking for sched_get_priority_max... yes
checking the behavior of a signed right shift... arithmetic
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating compiler/cpp/Makefile
config.status: creating compiler/cpp/version.h
config.status: creating compiler/cpp/src/windows/version.h
config.status: creating lib/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/cpp/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/cpp/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/cpp/thrift-nb.pc
config.status: creating lib/cpp/thrift-z.pc
config.status: creating lib/cpp/thrift-qt.pc
config.status: creating lib/cpp/thrift.pc
config.status: creating lib/c_glib/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/c_glib/thrift_c_glib.pc
config.status: creating lib/c_glib/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/csharp/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/d/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/d/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/erl/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/go/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/go/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/hs/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/java/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/js/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/perl/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/perl/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/php/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/php/test/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/py/Makefile
config.status: creating lib/rb/Makefile
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/cpp/Makefile
config.status: creating test/hs/Makefile
config.status: creating test/nodejs/Makefile
config.status: creating test/php/Makefile
config.status: creating test/perl/Makefile
config.status: creating test/py/Makefile
config.status: creating test/py.twisted/Makefile
config.status: creating test/py.tornado/Makefile
config.status: creating test/rb/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/cpp/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/go/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/java/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/js/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/py/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/py.twisted/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/py.tornado/Makefile
config.status: creating tutorial/rb/Makefile
config.status: creating config.h
config.status: config.h is unchanged
config.status: creating lib/cpp/src/thrift/config.h
config.status: lib/cpp/src/thrift/config.h is unchanged
config.status: executing depfiles commands
config.status: executing libtool commands
thrift 0.9.1
Building C++ Library ......... : yes
Building C (GLib) Library .... : no
Building Java Library ........ : no
Building C# Library .......... : no
Building Python Library ...... : yes
Building Ruby Library ........ : no
Building Haskell Library ..... : no
Building Perl Library ........ : no
Building PHP Library ......... : no
Building Erlang Library ...... : no
Building Go Library .......... : no
Building D Library ........... : no
C++ Library:
Build TZlibTransport ...... : yes
Build TNonblockingServer .. : yes
Build TQTcpServer (Qt) .... : no
Python Library:
Using Python .............. : /usr/bin/python
If something is missing that you think should be present,
please skim the output of configure to find the missing
component. Details are present in config.log.
6. 在终端执行make命令进行编译
make
7. 执行命令make check执行完整性检查测试
make check
8. 执行命令sh test/test.sh执行单元测试
sh test/test.sh
9. 执行命令make install完成最后安装
sudo make install
10.执行which thrift查看thrift的安装路径
whcih thrift
默认，thrift安装在/usr/local/bin/thrift
11.执行thrift --help查看thrift命令的选项
Usage: thrift [options] file
Options:
-version Print the compiler version
-o dir Set the output directory for gen-* packages
(default: current directory)
-out dir Set the ouput location for generated files.
(no gen-* folder will be created)
-I dir Add a directory to the list of directories
searched for include directives
-nowarn Suppress all compiler warnings (BAD!)
-strict Strict compiler warnings on
-v[erbose] Verbose mode
-r[ecurse] Also generate included files
-debug Parse debug trace to stdout
--allow-neg-keys Allow negative field keys (Used to preserve protocol
compatibility with older .thrift files)
--allow-64bit-consts Do not print warnings about using 64-bit constants
--gen STR Generate code with a dynamically-registered generator.
STR has the form language[:key1=val1[,key2,[key3=val3]]].
Keys and values are options passed to the generator.
Many options will not require values.
Available generators (and options):
as3 (AS3):
bindable: Add [bindable] metadata to all the struct classes.
c_glib (C, using GLib):
cocoa (Cocoa):
log_unexpected: Log every time an unexpected field ID or type is encountered.
validate_required:
Throws exception if any required field is not set.
cpp (C++):
cob_style: Generate "Continuation OBject"-style classes.
no_client_completion:
Omit calls to completion__() in CobClient class.
templates: Generate templatized reader/writer methods.
pure_enums: Generate pure enums instead of wrapper classes.
dense: Generate type specifications for the dense protocol.
include_prefix: Use full include paths in generated files.
csharp (C#):
async: Adds Async support using Task.Run.
asyncctp: Adds Async CTP support using TaskEx.Run.
wcf: Adds bindings for WCF to generated classes.
serial: Add serialization support to generated classes.
nullable: Use nullable types for properties.
hashcode: Generate a hashcode and equals implementation for classes.
union: Use new union typing, which includes a static read function for union types.
d (D):
delphi (delphi):
ansistr_binary: Use AnsiString for binary datatype (default is TBytes).
register_types: Enable TypeRegistry, allows for creation of struct, union
and container instances by interface or TypeInfo()
erl (Erlang):
go (Go):
package_prefix= Package prefix for generated files.
thrift_import= Override thrift package import path (default:git.apache.org/thrift.git/lib/go/thrift)
gv (Graphviz):
exceptions: Whether to draw arrows from functions to exception.
hs (Haskell):
html (HTML):
standalone: Self-contained mode, includes all CSS in the HTML files.
Generates no style.css file, but HTML files will be larger.
java (Java):
beans: Members will be private, and setter methods will return void.
private-members: Members will be private, but setter methods will return 'this' like usual.
nocamel: Do not use CamelCase field accessors with beans.
hashcode: Generate quality hashCode methods.
android_legacy: Do not use java.io.IOException(throwable) (available for Android 2.3 and above).
java5: Generate Java 1.5 compliant code (includes android_legacy flag).
sorted_containers:
Use TreeSet/TreeMap instead of HashSet/HashMap as a implementation of set/map.
javame (Java ME):
js (Javascript):
jquery: Generate jQuery compatible code.
node: Generate node.js compatible code.
ocaml (OCaml):
perl (Perl):
php (PHP):
inlined: Generate PHP inlined files
server: Generate PHP server stubs
oop: Generate PHP with object oriented subclasses
rest: Generate PHP REST processors
py (Python):
new_style: Generate new-style classes.
twisted: Generate Twisted-friendly RPC services.
tornado: Generate code for use with Tornado.
utf8strings: Encode/decode strings using utf8 in the generated code.
slots: Generate code using slots for instance members.
dynamic: Generate dynamic code, less code generated but slower.
dynbase=CLS Derive generated classes from class CLS instead of TBase.
dynexc=CLS Derive generated exceptions from CLS instead of TExceptionBase.
dynimport='from foo.bar import CLS'
Add an import line to generated code to find the dynbase class.
rb (Ruby):
rubygems: Add a "require 'rubygems'" line to the top of each generated file.
st (Smalltalk):
xsd (XSD):