WebServic 相关概念

asynchronous Loosely coupled, occurring at different times. In asynchronous

messaging, a message is sent, and the reply is received some time later as a

separate transaction. See synchronous.

B2B Business-to-business A term used to describe web services between two

businesses, such as between a wholesale supplier and a retail outlet.

B2C Business-to-customer A term used to describe web services between a business

and an end user, such as between a retail outlet and a retail customer.

DOM Document Object Model A standard API for parsing XML data into an

object-tree representation and manipulating the contents of the tree. DOM is

being developed through the World Wide Web Consortium. JAXP provides a

Java programming interface for the DOM API and allows an application to

plug in a compliant DOM parser.

DTD Document Type Definition A simple type of schema that defines the kind

of information in a particular type of XML document.

ebXML Electronic Business XML An open public initiative that is developing

specifications aimed at enabling a single global electronic marketplace based

on using XML and the Internet.

HTML HyperText Markup Language A markup language used for formatting

web pages.

HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol A protocol for transfering data over the

Internet.

J2EE TM Java TM 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition The Java platform that defines

the standard for multitier enterprise computing. The J2EE platform includes

the J2SE platform.

J2SE TM Java TM 2 Platform, Standard Edition The Java platform for client-side

computing.

JAX Pack The upcoming bundle of XML-related Java APIs (JAXP, JAXB,

JAXM, JAXR, and JAX-RPC). The JAX Pack will be included in the Web

Services Pack.

31 CHAPTER

JAXB Java TM Architecture for XML Binding The architecture for converting

data in an XML document to objects in the Java programming language.

Given an XML document’s schema (for example, a DTD), the JAXB compiler

will produce classes that correspond to the DTD. The generated classes

include methods that allow building an object tree with XML data based on

the DTD and writing the tree out to a new XML document.

JAXM Java TM API for XML Messaging The standard API for sending SOAP

messages using the Java programming languge. JAXM is based on SOAP 1.1

with Attachments and provides the ability to layer other profiles, such as

ebXML or BizTalk, on top of it.

JAXP Java TM API for XML Processing A comprehensive API for parsing and

processing XML documents. JAXP includes support for the Simple API for

XML Parsing (SAX), the Document Object Model (DOM), the eXtensible

Stylesheet Language for Transformations (XSLT), and XML Namespaces.

JAXR Java TM API for XML Registries The standard API for convenient

access to Internet business registries from the Java platform.

JAX-RPC Java TM API for XML-based RPC The standard API for sending

XML-based remote procedure calls using the Java programming language.

loosely coupled A term referring to the relationship between two businesses in

which each business has no prior knowledge of, and no dependencies on, the

other business’s information technology infrastructure. XML is the key

enabler that allows loosely coupled businesses to communicate over the Internet

and thereby conduct electronic business with each other.

OASIS Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards

A non-profit consortium promoting the adoption of interoperable specifications

of public standards, such as XML.

registry A web-based service that enables dynamic and loosely coupled business-

to-business collaboration by providing access to shared information. A

registry is sometimes compared to an electronic yellow pages for businesses.

See repository.

repository A data storage facility much like a database. A business registry uses

a repository to store its data, such as information about businesses, XML

descriptions of specific business protocols (for example, RosettaNet PIP3A4

32

for purchase orders), and XML schemas defining the structure of XML documents

exchanged during a supported business process.

schema A specification of the structure of a set of XML documents. A DTD is an

example of a schema.

SAX Simple API for XML Parsing A standard API that defines an event-based

XML parser. SAX was developed by members of the XML-DEV mailing list,

and currently the OASIS standards body is continuing to develop the SAX

API. JAXP provides a Java programming interface for the SAX API and

allows an application to plug in a compliant SAX parser.

synchronous Tightly coupled, occurring at the same time. In synchronous messaging,

a message is sent, and nothing else can happen until the response is

sent back as part of the same process. In other words, the message and reply

are tightly coupled. In the JAXM API, the method call is used for sending a

synchronous message. It sends the message and then blocks until it gets the

reply.

SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol A lightweight XML-based protocol,

developed by the W3C, for the exchange of information in a decentralized,

distributed environment.

UDDI Universal Description, Discovery and Integration An initiative based

on standard registry services that provide Yellow, White, and Green Page

business-centered functionality. It focuses on giving large organizations a way

to reach out to and manage their networks of smaller business customers.

web services Content and software processes that provide services to customers

over the Internet. Web services are delivered over the Internet in a loosely

coupled way, using XML interfaces. For example, a service based on JAXRPC

is a collection of procedures that can be called by remote clients.

Web Services Pack A download that will bundle together key technologies to

simplify building web services using the Java 2 Platform. It includes JavaServer TM

Faces (a standard API for creating Java Web GUIs), Tomcat (an opensource

implementation of JavaServer Pages TM and Java Servlet technologies),

and JAX Pack (a bundle of the the Java APIs for XML).

WSDL Web Services Description Language A language that specifies an

XML format for describing a web service.

33 CHAPTER

WWW World Wide Web The web of systems and the data in them that is the

Internet.

W3C World Wide Web Consortium A group of member organizations developing

standard protocols for web technologies to ensure interoperability of

the Web’s languages and protocols.

XML Extensible Markup Language A markup language that describes the

hierarchical structure of content in a document. Because XML makes data

portable, it has become the standard for sharing data over the Internet between

applications, distributed web services, and trading partners.

XML Namespaces A W3C standard for building documents that reference more

than one DTD, more than one of which might define the same element name.

JAXP provides support for XML Namespaces.

XSL eXtensible Stylesheet Language A language for specifying a stylesheet,

which provides formatting instructions for XML data. To actually transform

an XML document using the stylesheet, an application uses XSLT, which is

an extension of XSL.

XSLT XSL Transformations A language for transforming XML documents to

other XML documents or to documents of other formats, such as HTML. An

application can use XSLT to transform documents according to the formatting

instructions in an XSL stylesheet, but it can also use XSLT independently of

XSL.