NETCF开发之使用资源文件

1.1.1 使用资源文件

在基于.NET Compact Framework的应用程序中，可以使用资源文件将资源嵌入到程序集。使用资源文件的一个主要好处是可以将应用程序或类库DLL文件中的所有特定于语言和区域设置的元素（如标题和用户消息等）从应用程序代码中分离出来。为此，开发人员需要为所支持的每种语言创建单独的资源文件。资源文件实际是一个基于XML数据格式的文本文件，其扩展名为.resx。清单25-3显示了从资源文件中节选的一部分内容。

清单25-3：资源文件中的部分内容

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POSITION: absolute; TOP: 7642px; HEIGHT: 2855px" o:preferrelative="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><font size="3"><fill o:detectmouseclick="t"></fill><path o:connecttype="none" o:extrusionok="t"></path><lock v:ext="edit" text="t"></lock></font></shape><rect id="_x0000_s1040" style="LEFT: 2526px; WIDTH: 7200px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 7642px; HEIGHT: 2855px" strokecolor="#eaeaea" fillcolor="#eaeaea"><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1040"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> <div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;root&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>&lt;data name="MainFormCaption"&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>&lt;value&gt;CRM System&lt;/value&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>&lt;/data&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>&lt;data name="UserWelcome"&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>&lt;value&gt;Hi, How are you!&lt;/value&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>&lt;/data&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>&lt;data name="ErrorMessage1"&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2"> </span>&lt;value&gt;Oh no, Something went wrong!&lt;/value&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>&lt;/data&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman">&lt;/root&gt;<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> </div> </td> </tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><wrap type="none"></wrap><anchorlock></anchorlock></group>

此时扩展名为.resx的资源文件使用起来仍然不够方便，为此Visual Studio 2005支持使用基于.NET Compact Framework的资源文件生成器（ResGen.exe）将资源文件编译成二进制的映像文件。编译后的资源文件通常具有.resources扩展名。例如，开发人员可以创建一个名为Demo.resx的资源文件，然后在.NET Framework SDK的SDK命令提示下执行以下命令，将该资源文件编译成名为Demo.resources的二进制映像文件：

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将基于文本的.resx文件编译成二进制.resource文件后，为了能够在代码中直接引用该资源文件中的资源，还必须将该映像文件进一步编译为能够直接通过代码引用的.NET程序集。为此Visual Studio 2005支持使用一个名为程序集链接器 (AL.exe) 的.NET工具来完成映像文件到.NET程序集的编译。例如，要将之前生成的Demo.resources映像文件编译为.NET程序集，可在.NET Framework SDK的SDK命令提示下执行以下指令：

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上述命令执行成功后，将在映像文件所在目录下生成一个程序集DLL文件。将资源文件最终编译为.NET程序集后，便可以通过System.Resources命名空间中的ResourceManager类访问资源文件中定义的资源。下面演示使用ResourceManager类访问字符串资源的简单示例代码：

<group id="_x0000_s1032" style="WIDTH: 414pt; HEIGHT: 54.6pt; mso-position-horizontal-relative: char; mso-position-vertical-relative: line" coordsize="7200,952" coordorigin="2526,7642" editas="canvas"><lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></lock><shape id="_x0000_s1033" style="LEFT: 2526px; WIDTH: 7200px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 7642px; HEIGHT: 952px" o:preferrelative="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><fill o:detectmouseclick="t"></fill><path o:connecttype="none" o:extrusionok="t"></path><lock v:ext="edit" text="t"></lock></font></font></shape><rect id="_x0000_s1034" style="LEFT: 2526px; WIDTH: 7200px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 7642px; HEIGHT: 952px" strokecolor="#eaeaea" fillcolor="#eaeaea"><textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1034"><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%"><tbody><tr> <td style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> <div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Dim asm As Assembly = Assembly.Load("Demo.resources")<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Dim rm As New System.Resources.ResourceManager("Demo", asm)<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><font face="Times New Roman">Dim caption As String = rm.GetString("WelcomeCaption")<p></p></font></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 14pt; mso-line-height-rule: exactly"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt"><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p></span></p> </div> </td> </tr></tbody></table></textbox></rect><wrap type="none"></wrap><anchorlock></anchorlock></group>

在上面这个示例中，使用ResourceManager类实例的GetString访问获取字符串资源。对于资源文件中定义的图像和其它类型的文件资源，还可以使用GetObject方法获取资源数据流，然后将数据流转换成可正常编程访问的实例对象。

除了使用ResourceManager类访问资源之外，还可以通过ResGen.exe生成一个强类型资源类，将可访问资源以类成员属性的形式对外公开。例如，要将之前创建的Demo.resx资源文件生成Visual Basic .NET可访问的强类型资源类，可在调用ResGen.exe命令时将/str参数和"vb"值添加到命令行：

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该命令行指令将生成一个名为Demo.vb的Visual Basic类定义的源文件。该源文件包含一个名为Demo的类。在该类中，存在通过ResourceManager实现强类型化属性的代码，如以下代码框所示，在生成的Demo类中定义了一个字符串类型的WelcomeCaption属性：

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以上简要介绍了如何将资源文件编译为程序集，以及如何使用 ResourceManager 类和强类型资源类来访问这些资源文件。