Lesson: 检测类examing class
1.Retrieving Class Objects
获取一个Class对象(metadata)
a,从对象的实例获取。
Class c = mystery.getClass();//(return Class)
b,从子类的实例获取
TextField t = new TextField();
Class c = t.getClass();
Class s = c.getSuperclass();
c,知道类名,则可以把.class加入到名字之后来获取。
Class c = java.awt.Button.class;
d,如果类名在编译时是未知的,则可以使用Class.forName()方法来获取.
Class c = Class.forName(classString);
2.Getting the Class Name
获取类名称
c.getName();
例如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Button b = new Button();
printName(b);
}
static void printName(Object o) {
Class c = o.getClass();
String s = c.getName();
System.out.println(s);
}
}
3.Discovering Class Modifiers
检索修改符
a.通过getModifiers()方法获取一个整型标识值。
b.通过java.reflect.Modifier对象的isPublic, isAbstract, 和 isFinal方法判断此值.
例如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleModifier {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s = new String();
printModifiers(s);
}
public static void printModifiers(Object o) {
Class c = o.getClass();
int m = c.getModifiers();
if (Modifier.isPublic(m))
System.out.println("public");
if (Modifier.isAbstract(m))
System.out.println("abstract");
if (Modifier.isFinal(m))
System.out.println("final");
}
}
4.Finding Superclasses
检索父类
例如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleSuper {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Button b = new Button();
printSuperclasses(b);
}
static void printSuperclasses(Object o) {
Class subclass = o.getClass();
Class superclass = subclass.getSuperclass();
while (superclass != null) {
String className = superclass.getName();
System.out.println(className);
subclass = superclass;
superclass = subclass.getSuperclass();
}
}
}
5.Identifying the Interfaces Implemented by a Class
检索指定类实现的接口
例如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.io.*;
class SampleInterface {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
RandomAccessFile r = new RandomAccessFile("myfile", "r");
printInterfaceNames(r);
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
static void printInterfaceNames(Object o) {
Class c = o.getClass();
Class[] theInterfaces = c.getInterfaces();
for (int i = 0; i < theInterfaces.length; i++) {
String interfaceName = theInterfaces[i].getName();
System.out.println(interfaceName);
}
}
}
6.Examining Interfaces
判定一个类是不是接口
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.util.*;
class SampleCheckInterface {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Class thread = Thread.class;
Class runnable = Runnable.class;
verifyInterface(thread);
verifyInterface(runnable);
}
static void verifyInterface(Class c) {
String name = c.getName();
if (c.isInterface()) {
System.out.println(name + " is an interface.");
} else {
System.out.println(name + " is a class.");
}
}
}
如:c.isInterface()
7.Identifying Class Fields
找出指定类所有的域成员
每个数据成员可以用java.reflect.Field来封闭其名称,类型,修改符的集合。
也可以通过相应的方法获取或设置到该成员的值。
如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleField {
public static void main(String[] args) {
GridBagConstraints g = new GridBagConstraints();
printFieldNames(g);
}
static void printFieldNames(Object o) {
Class c = o.getClass();
Field[] publicFields = c.getFields();
for (int i = 0; i < publicFields.length; i++) {
String fieldName = publicFields[i].getName();
Class typeClass = publicFields[i].getType();
String fieldType = typeClass.getName();
System.out.println("Name: " + fieldName +
", Type: " + fieldType);
}
}
}
8.Discovering Class Constructors
检索指定类的构造函数
当创建一个类的实例时,是通过检造方法来作的,这种方法可以被重载。
每一个构造方法可以用类Constructor来描述,,包括名称,修饰符,参数类型(Class[]),和异常列表。
可以通过一个Class的getConstructors方法获取到该类的Constructor数组。
例程:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleConstructor {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
showConstructors(r);
}
static void showConstructors(Object o) {
Class c = o.getClass();
Constructor[] theConstructors = c.getConstructors();
for (int i = 0; i < theConstructors.length; i++) {
System.out.print("( ");
Class[] parameterTypes =
theConstructors[i].getParameterTypes();
for (int k = 0; k < parameterTypes.length; k ++) {
String parameterString = parameterTypes[k].getName();
System.out.print(parameterString + " ");
}
System.out.println(")");
}
}
}
9.Obtaining Method Information
检索方法
可以找到隶属于一个类的所有方法,通过getMethods包含Method数组,进而得到该方法的返回类型,修饰符,方法名称,参数列表
步骤:
a.指定类的Class Object
b.getMethods()获取Method[]对象
c,遍历该数组对象
例程:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleMethod {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Polygon p = new Polygon();
showMethods(p);
}
static void showMethods(Object o) {
Class c = o.getClass();
Method[] theMethods = c.getMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < theMethods.length; i++) {
String methodString = theMethods[i].getName();
System.out.println("Name: " + methodString);
String returnString =
theMethods[i].getReturnType().getName();
System.out.println(" Return Type: " + returnString);
Class[] parameterTypes = theMethods[i].getParameterTypes();
System.out.print(" Parameter Types:");
for (int k = 0; k < parameterTypes.length; k ++) {
String parameterString = parameterTypes[k].getName();
System.out.print(" " + parameterString);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
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Lesson:2 处理对象
1.Creating Objects
一般情况下,创建一个对象用以下方法
Rectangle r = new Rectangle();
但如果你正在开发一个development tools,在运行之前或许不知道要生成对象的类。
所以要像下面这样来创建对象:
String className;
// . . . load className from the user interface
Object o = new (className); // WRONG!
但以上是错误的。
正确的方法是使用类的反射特性:
1)Using No-Argument Constructors
例如:
Class classDefinition = Class.forName(className);//指定类的运行期实例
object = classDefinition.newInstance();//调用无参构造函数来生成指定类的实例。
2)Using Constructors that Have Arguments
这个技术要用到如下步骤:
a,创建一个Class对象
b,创建一个Constructor对象,getConstructor(Class[] params)方法,参数是一个与构造方法相适合的Class 数组.
c,在Constructor对象上调用newInstance方法来生成一个对象,参数 是一个object数组与这个构造方法相配备。
例如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleInstance {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle rectangle;
Class rectangleDefinition;
Class[] intArgsClass = new Class[] {int.class, int.class};
Integer height = new Integer(12);
Integer width = new Integer(34);
Object[] intArgs = new Object[] {height, width};
Constructor intArgsConstructor;
try {
//1.
rectangleDefinition = Class.forName("java.awt.Rectangle");
//2.
intArgsConstructor =
rectangleDefinition.getConstructor(intArgsClass);//找到指定的构造方法
//3.
rectangle =
(Rectangle) createObject(intArgsConstructor, intArgs);//构造方法描述对象,object[]
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
public static Object createObject(Constructor constructor,
Object[] arguments) {
System.out.println ("Constructor: " + constructor.toString());
Object object = null;
try {
object = constructor.newInstance(arguments);
System.out.println ("Object: " + object.toString());
return object;
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
return object;
}
}
2。Getting Field Values
If you are writing a development tool such as a debugger, you must be able to obtain field values. This is a three-step process:
如果要作一个开发工具像debugger之类的,你必须能发现filed values,以下是三个步骤:
a.创建一个Class对象
b.通过getField 创建一个Field对象
c.调用Field.getXXX(Object)方法(XXX是Int,Float等,如果是对象就省略;Object是指实
例).
例如:
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleGet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(100, 325);
printHeight(r);
}
static void printHeight(Rectangle r) {
Field heightField;
Integer heightValue;
Class c = r.getClass();
try {
heightField = c.getField("height");
heightValue = (Integer) heightField.get(r);
System.out.println("Height: " + heightValue.toString());
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (SecurityException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
3。Setting Field Values
a.创建一个Class对象
b.通过getField 创建一个Field对象
c.调用Field.set(Object,withparam)方法(XXX是Int,Float等,如果是对象就省略;Object是指实例,withparam指和这个字段相区配的字段。
import java.lang.reflect.*;
import java.awt.*;
class SampleSet {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(100, 20);
System.out.println("original: " + r.toString());
modifyWidth(r, new Integer(300));
System.out.println("modified: " + r.toString());
}
static void modifyWidth(Rectangle r, Integer widthParam ) {
Field widthField;
Integer widthValue;
Class c = r.getClass();
try {
widthField = c.getField("width");
widthField.set(r, widthParam);
} catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
4。调用指定的方法
a.创建一个Class对象
b.创建一个方法对象method,getMethod(String methodName,Class[])方法
c.调方法对象,method.invoke(object,Object[]),两个参数,第一个是指调用方法所属于的对象,第二个是传递的值对象列表。
The sample program that follows shows you how to invoke a method dynamically. The program retrieves the Method object for the String.concat method and then uses invoke to concatenate two String objects.
//
import java.lang.reflect.*;
class SampleInvoke {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String firstWord = "Hello "; //指定类的实例
String secondWord = "everybody.";//变元
String bothWords = append(firstWord, secondWord);
System.out.println(bothWords);
}
public static String append(String firstWord, String secondWord) {
String result = null;
Class c = String.class;
Class[] parameterTypes = new Class[] {String.class};
Method concatMethod;
Object[] arguments = new Object[] {secondWord};
try {
concatMethod = c.getMethod("concat", parameterTypes);//获取到方法对象
result = (String) concatMethod.invoke(firstWord, arguments);//调用
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
System.out.println(e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
return result;
}
}