用RMAN复制 搭建 物理 Data Gurad 环境

DataGuard环境：

操作系统：redhat4.7

Primary数据库：

IP地址：10.85.10.1

数据库SID：orcl

DB_UNIQUE_NAME：orcl_pd

Standby数据库：

IP地址：10.85.10.2

数据库SID：orcl

DB_UNIQUE_NAME：orcl_st

OracleDataGuard理论知识

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/22/5514082.aspx

OracleDataGuradPhysicalStandby相关说明

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/05/04/5557410.aspx

OracleDataGuardLinux平台PhysicalStandby搭建实例

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5547565.aspx

之前也做过相关实验，今天这个测试主要是用RMAN来复制备份，之前一直是直接copy文件的。实验步骤都差不多。

一．Primary端的配置

1.主库设置为forcelogging模式

SQL>alterdatabaseforcelogging;

2.主库设为归档模式

SQL>archiveloglist;

SQL>shutdownimmediate

SQL>startupmount

SQL>alterdatabasearchivelog;

SQL>archiveloglist;

3.创建备库的口令文件

[oracle@localhostdbs]$orapwdfile=/u02/orapworclpassword=admin

如果已经存在，就不用创建了。缺省情况下，win下口令文件的格式是pwdsid.ora，unix下的格式是orapwSID(大小写敏感）。Linux默认位置为$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下下，Windows默认为$ORACLE_HOME/database目录。

用SCP命令将这个口令文件传输到备库的对应位置：

[oracle@db1dbs]$scporapworcl10.85.10.2:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs

Theauthenticityofhost'10.85.10.2(10.85.10.2)'can'tbeestablished.

RSAkeyfingerprintis1a:20:7a:05:bd:e0:ac:04:21:02:b1:72:01:69:40:d6.

Areyousureyouwanttocontinueconnecting(yes/no)?yes

Warning:Permanentlyadded'10.85.10.2'(RSA)tothelistofknownhosts.

[email protected]'spassword:

orapworcl100%15361.5KB/s00:00

注意，如果不用RMAN复制的话，还需要创建备库的控制文件。RMAN复制的话，自己会创建控制文件。

4.修改初始化参数文件

Pfile默认位置在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录下，也可以自己指定位置：

SQL>createpfilefromspfile;

在initorcl.ora添加如下内容：

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='orcl_pd'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/archivelog'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_st'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.standby_archive_dest='/u02/archivelog'

*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_st'

*.FAL_CLIENT='orcl_pd'

如果主库和备库的数据文件位置不同，还需要加如下2个参数：

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

--注意：orcl_st,orcl_pd是在tnsnames文件中配置的

用刚修改的pfile启动数据库，并生成spfile。

SQL>shutdownimmediate

Databaseclosed.

Databasedismounted.

ORACLEinstanceshutdown.

SQL>startuppfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea247463936bytes

FixedSize1218748bytes

VariableSize75499332bytes

DatabaseBuffers163577856bytes

RedoBuffers7168000bytes

Databasemounted.

Databaseopened.

SQL>!echo$ORACLE_HOME

/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

SQL>createspfilefrompfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

Filecreated.

5.修改listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件

Listener.ora文件：

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(SID_NAME=PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM=extproc)

)

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=orcl)

(ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1)

(SID_NAME=orcl)

)

)

LISTENER=

(DESCRIPTION_LIST=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(PORT=1521))

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC0))

)

)

注意：SID_LIST_LISTENER配置的是静态注册，如果没有该参数，而且DataGuard启动顺序又不正确，那么在主库可能会报PING[ARC1]:Heartbeatfailedtoconnecttostandby'orcl_st'.Erroris12514.错误，导致归档无法完成。

OracleListener动态注册与静态注册

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5543166.aspx

Tnsnames.ora文件

ORCL_ST=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS_LIST=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.85.10.2)(PORT=1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA=

(SERVER=DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)

)

)

ORCL_PD=

(DESCRIPTION=

(ADDRESS_LIST=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.85.10.1)(PORT=1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA=

(SERVER=DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME=orcl)

)

)

二．Standby端配置

1.创建备库存放数据文件和后台跟踪目录。

这个目录可以和主库相同，如果不同，就需要在主库的初始化文件中进行转换。如：

*.log_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

*.db_file_name_convert='/u02/oradata/orcl/','/u03/oradata/orcl/'

$ORACLE_BASE/ORADATA/ORCL

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/adump

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/bdump

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/cdump

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/dpdump

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/pfile

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/udump

$ORACLE_BASE/admin/orcl/

2.修改初始化参数文件

从主库copy过来，修改如下：

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='orcl_st'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/archivelog'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=orcl_pd'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.FAL_SERVER='orcl_pd'

*.FAL_CLIENT='orcl_st'

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.standby_archive_dest='/u01/archivelog'

log_file_name_convert=('orcl','orcl')--该参数用于RMAN复制时重建redo文件。

4.修改listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件，同主库。如果不存在，就从主库上copy过去。

5.RMAN复制数据库

5.1备份主库

[oracle@db1backup]$rmantargetsys/admin@orcl

RecoveryManager:Release10.2.0.1.0-ProductiononSunJul1818:26:162010

Copyright(c)1982,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

connectedtotargetdatabase:ORCL(DBID=1248423599)

RMAN>RUN{

allocatechannelc1typedisk;

allocatechannelc2typedisk;

sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent';

backupcurrentcontrolfileforstandbyformat='/u02/backup/control_%U';

BACKUPFORMAT'/u02/backup/orcl_%U_%T'skipinaccessiblefilesperset5DATABASE;

sql'altersystemarchivelogcurrent';

BACKUPFORMAT'/u02/backup/arch_%U_%T'skipinaccessiblefilesperset5ARCHIVELOGALLDELETEINPUT;

releasechannelc2;

releasechannelc1;

}

backupfulldatabaseincludecurrentcontrolfileforstandbyplusarchivelogFORMAT'/u02/backup/orcl_%U_%T'skipinaccessiblefilesperset5;

备份脚本，具体参考：

Linux平台下RMAN全备和增量备份shell脚本

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/16/5740630.aspx

5.2 用SCP将备份集复制到备库相同的位置，或者直接用NFS挂载到相同位置。这些位置写入了控制文件，所以位置必须相同。

LinuxNFS和Samba共享配置

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/07/21/5752092.aspx

如果出现：ORA-27054NFSfilesystemwherethefileiscreatedorresidesisnotmountedwithcorrectoptions的错误，可能是NFS挂载的参数使用不正确。

mount-tnfs192.168.19.219:/u01/rman-ohard,rw,noac,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,suid,proto=tcp,vers=3/u01/rman

如果用SCP复制，复制结束要后注意文件用户和权限。

5.3用pfile文件将备库启动到nomout状态

[oracle@localhostu01]$sqlplus/nolog

SQL*Plus:Release10.2.0.1.0-ProductiononWedJul2109:35:072010

Copyright(c)1982,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

SQL>conn/assysdba

Connectedtoanidleinstance.

SQL>startupnomountpfile=?/dbs/initorcl.ora

ORACLEinstancestarted.

TotalSystemGlobalArea247463936bytes

FixedSize1218772bytes

VariableSize79693612bytes

DatabaseBuffers163577856bytes

RedoBuffers2973696bytes

5.4执行duplicate复制standby库

[oracle@db1dbs]$rmantarget/auxiliarysys/admin@orcl_st;

RecoveryManager:Release10.2.0.1.0-ProductiononTueJul2022:32:592010

Copyright(c)1982,2005,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.

connectedtotargetdatabase:ORCL(DBID=1248423599)

connectedtoauxiliarydatabase:ORCL(notmounted)

RMAN>duplicatetargetdatabaseforstandbynofilenamecheckdorecover;

StartingDuplicateDbat21-JUL-10

usingtargetdatabasecontrolfileinsteadofrecoverycatalog

allocatedchannel:ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:sid=155devtype=DISK

contentsofMemoryScript:

{

setuntilscn800873;

restoreclonestandbycontrolfile;

sqlclone'alterdatabasemountstandbydatabase';

}

executingMemoryScript

executingcommand:SETuntilclause

Startingrestoreat21-JUL-10

usingchannelORA_AUX_DISK_1

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:startingdatafilebackupsetrestore

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoringcontrolfile

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece/u02/backup/control_6mljbc6r_1_1

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1

piecehandle=/u02/backup/control_6mljbc6r_1_1tag=TAG20100721T115609

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:02

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

outputfilename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl

Finishedrestoreat21-JUL-10

sqlstatement:alterdatabasemountstandbydatabase

releasedchannel:ORA_AUX_DISK_1

contentsofMemoryScript:

{

setuntilscn800873;

setnewnamefortempfile1to"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf";

switchclonetempfileall;

setnewnamefordatafile1to"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf";

setnewnamefordatafile2to"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf";

setnewnamefordatafile3to"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf";

setnewnamefordatafile4to"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf";

setnewnamefordatafile5to"/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf";

restore

checkreadonly

clonedatabase

;

}

executingMemoryScript

executingcommand:SETuntilclause

executingcommand:SETNEWNAME

renamedtemporaryfile1to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbfincontrolfile

executingcommand:SETNEWNAME

executingcommand:SETNEWNAME

executingcommand:SETNEWNAME

executingcommand:SETNEWNAME

executingcommand:SETNEWNAME

Startingrestoreat21-JUL-10

allocatedchannel:ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:sid=155devtype=DISK

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:startingdatafilebackupsetrestore

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)torestorefrombackupset

restoringdatafile00002to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

restoringdatafile00003to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

restoringdatafile00005to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece/u02/backup/orcl_6oljbc7f_1_1_20100721

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1

piecehandle=/u02/backup/orcl_6oljbc7f_1_1_20100721tag=TAG20100721T115629

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:39

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:startingdatafilebackupsetrestore

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:specifyingdatafile(s)torestorefrombackupset

restoringdatafile00001to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

restoringdatafile00004to/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece/u02/backup/orcl_6nljbc7e_1_1_20100721

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1

piecehandle=/u02/backup/orcl_6nljbc7e_1_1_20100721tag=TAG20100721T115629

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:01:06

Finishedrestoreat21-JUL-10

contentsofMemoryScript:

{

switchclonedatafileall;

}

executingMemoryScript

datafile1switchedtodatafilecopy

inputdatafilecopyrecid=10stamp=724981117filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

datafile2switchedtodatafilecopy

inputdatafilecopyrecid=11stamp=724981117filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

datafile3switchedtodatafilecopy

inputdatafilecopyrecid=12stamp=724981117filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

datafile4switchedtodatafilecopy

inputdatafilecopyrecid=13stamp=724981118filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

datafile5switchedtodatafilecopy

inputdatafilecopyrecid=14stamp=724981118filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

contentsofMemoryScript:

{

setuntilscn800873;

recover

standby

clonedatabase

deletearchivelog

;

}

executingMemoryScript

executingcommand:SETuntilclause

Startingrecoverat21-JUL-10

usingchannelORA_AUX_DISK_1

startingmediarecovery

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:startingarchivelogrestoretodefaultdestination

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoringarchivelog

archivelogthread=1sequence=74

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece/u02/backup/arch_6sljbcd4_1_1_20100721

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1

piecehandle=/u02/backup/arch_6sljbcd4_1_1_20100721tag=TAG20100721T115930

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:04

archivelogfilename=/u01/archivelog/1_74_720642866.dbfthread=1sequence=74

channelclone_default:deletingarchivelog(s)

archivelogfilename=/u01/archivelog/1_74_720642866.dbfrecid=1stamp=724981127

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:startingarchivelogrestoretodefaultdestination

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoringarchivelog

archivelogthread=1sequence=75

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:readingfrombackuppiece/u02/backup/arch_6vljbcd7_1_1_20100721

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restoredbackuppiece1

piecehandle=/u02/backup/arch_6vljbcd7_1_1_20100721tag=TAG20100721T115930

channelORA_AUX_DISK_1:restorecomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:04

archivelogfilename=/u01/archivelog/1_75_720642866.dbfthread=1sequence=75

channelclone_default:deletingarchivelog(s)

archivelogfilename=/u01/archivelog/1_75_720642866.dbfrecid=2stamp=724981133

mediarecoverycomplete,elapsedtime:00:00:03

Finishedrecoverat21-JUL-10

FinishedDuplicateDbat21-JUL-10

RMAN>

6.在备库添加redologfile

如果主库没有添加redologfile，可以先用copy过来的初始化文件将数据库启动到mount状态。在创建个spfile，最后添加redolog。

SQL>createspfilefrompfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

添加一个新的StandbyRedologs组（注意组号不要与当前存在的OnlineRedologs组重复），并为该组指定一个成员：

SQL>ALTERDATABASEADDSTANDBYLOGFILEGROUP4('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log')size50M;

SQL>ALTERDATABASEADDSTANDBYLOGFILEGROUP5('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo05.log')size50M;

SQL>ALTERDATABASEADDSTANDBYLOGFILEGROUP6('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo06.log')size50M;

SQL>ALTERDATABASEADDSTANDBYLOGFILEGROUP7('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log')size50M;

提示，由于从Primary数据库复制文件时并没有复制OnlineRedologs，因此物理Standby数据库在第一次启动REDO应用时，会在Alert文件中报OnlineRedoLogfile文件不存在，没有关系，物理Standby会自动重建这批文件，同时你也不用担心会丢失数据，OnlineRedologs中的数据会以归档文件的形式从Primary端接收。

至此，DataGuard的操作已经完成，下面来开始验证。

注意DataGuard启动顺序：

启动顺序：先standby,后primary;

闭顺序：先primary后standby;

在备库将实例启动到mount状态：

SQL>startupnomount;

SQL>alterdatabasemountstandbydatabase;

SQL>ALTERDATABASERECOVERMANAGEDSTANDBYDATABASECANCEL;

SQL>alterdatabaserecovermanagedstandbydatabasedisconnectfromsession;

在备库启动监听：

$lsnrctlstart

在主库启动实例：

SQL>startup;

在主库启动监听：

$lsnrctlstart

在主库验证归档目录是否有效：

SQL>SELECTSTATUS,DESTINATION,ERRORFROMV$ARCHIVE_DEST;

如果有错误，要排查原因。

SQL>altersystemswitchlogfile;

SQL>selectmax(sequence#)fromv$archived_log;

MAX(SEQUENCE#)

--------------

70

主备查询结果一致，DataGuard搭建结束。

注意：如果在主库执行alterdatabaseclearunarchivedlogfile或alterdatabaseopenresetlogs,　则dataguard要重建。

其他如DG模式切换，主备库切换等操作，参考如下blog：

OracleDataGuardLinux平台PhysicalStandby搭建实例

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2010/04/30/5547565.aspx

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