hihernate一对多关联映射(单向Classes----->Student)
一对多关联映射利用了多对一关联映射原理
多对一关联映射:在多的一端加入一个外键指向一的一端,它维护的关系是多指向一(当加载多的一端时可以加载一的一端)
一对多关联映射:在多的一端加入一个外键指向一的一端,它维护的关系是一指向多(当加载一的一端时可以加载多的一端)
也就是说一对多和多对一的映射策略是一样的,只是站的角度不同
在一的一端维护关系的缺点:
* 如果将t_student表里的classesid字段设置为非空,则无法保存
* 因为不是在student这一端维护关系,所以student不知道是哪个班的,所以需要发出多余的update语句来更新关系
import java.util.Set;
public class Classes {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
}
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
//Classes.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping package="com.bjsxt.hibernate">
<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" length = "10"/>
<set name="students"><!-- 在Student表中增加classesid属性-->
<key column="classesid"/><!-- Student以classesid作为外键指向classes -->
<one-to-many class="Student"/><!-- 指定集合中的元素类型 -->
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
//Student.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Student" table="t_student">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" length = "10"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public class One2ManyTest extends TestCase {
public void testSave1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("10");
session.save(student1); //save对象,transient状态转变为persistent
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setName("祖儿");
session.save(student2);
Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();// 先建学生,再将学生放入集合中
students.add(student1);
students.add(student2);
Classes classes = new Classes();// 将学生集合加入班级
classes.setName("尚学堂");
classes.setStudents(students);
// 可以正确保存
session.save(classes);
/*sql语句:会发出多余的update语句,如果student表中设置为非空则无法存存储
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: update t_student set classesid=? where id=?
* Hibernate: update t_student set classesid=? where id=?
*/
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Classes classes = (Classes) session.load(Classes.class, 3);// get、load根据主键加载
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
Set<Student> students = classes.getStudents(); // 加载班级学生的集合
for (Iterator<Student> iter = students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = iter.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}
hihernate一对多关联映射(双向Classes<----->Student)
一对多双向关联映射:
* 在一一端的集合上使用<key>,在对方表中加入一个外键指向一一端
* 在多一端采用<many-to-one>
注意:<key>标签指定的外键字段必须和<many-to-one>指定的外键字段一致,否则引用字段的错误
如果在”一“一端维护一对多关联关系,hibernate会发出多余的udpate语句,所以我们一般在多
的一端来维护关联关系
关于inverse属性:
inverse主要用在一对多和多对多双向关联上,inverse可以被设置到集合标签<set>上,
默认inverse为false,所以我们可以从”一“一端和”多“一端维护关联关系,
如果设置成inverse为true,则我们只能从多一端来维护关联关系
注意:inverse属性,只影响数据的存储,也就是持久化
inverse和cascade
* inverse是关联关系的控制方向
* cascade操作上的连锁反应
public class Student {
private int id;
private String name;
private Classes classes;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Classes getClasses() {
return classes;
}
public void setClasses(Classes classes) {
this.classes = classes;
}
}
import java.util.Set;
public class Classes {
private int id;
private String name;
private Set<Student> students;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setStudents(Set<Student> students) {
this.students = students;
}
public Set<Student> getStudents() {
return students;
}
}
//Student.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.bjsxt.hibernate.Student" table="t_student">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" length = "10"/>
<many-to-one name="classes" column="classesid"/>
<!-- 在表中增加属性字段classesid,指向classes -->
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
//Classes.hbm.xml
<hibernate-mapping package="com.bjsxt.hibernate">
<class name="Classes" table="t_classes">
<id name="id">
<generator class="native"/>
</id>
<property name="name" length = "10"/>
<set name="students" inverse = "true" cascade = "all"><!-- 在Student表中增加classesid属性-->
<key column="classesid"/><!-- Student以classesid作为外键指向classes -->
<one-to-many class="Student"/><!-- 指定集合中的元素类型 -->
</set>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;
import junit.framework.TestCase;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public class One2ManyTest extends TestCase {
public void testSave1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("10");
session.save(student1); //save对象,transient状态转变为persistent
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setName("祖儿");
session.save(student2);
Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();// 先建学生,再将学生放入集合中
students.add(student1);
students.add(student2);
Classes classes = new Classes();// 将学生集合加入班级
classes.setName("尚学堂");
classes.setStudents(students);
// 可以正确保存
session.save(classes);
/*sql语句:会发出多余的update语句,如果student表中设置为非空则无法存存储
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: update t_student set classesid=? where id=?
* Hibernate: update t_student set classesid=? where id=?
*/
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testSave2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Classes classes = new Classes();
classes.setName("尚学堂");
session.save(classes); // 先建班级
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("10");
student1.setClasses(classes);
session.save(student1); // 建学生
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setName("祖儿");
student2.setClasses(classes);
session.save(student2);
/*
* Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, classesid, id) values (?, ?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, classesid, id) values (?, ?, ?)
*/
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testSave3() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Classes classes = new Classes();
classes.setName("尚学堂");
Student student1 = new Student();
student1.setName("10");
student1.setClasses(classes);
Student student2 = new Student();
student2.setName("祖儿");
student2.setClasses(classes);
Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>();
students.add(student1);
students.add(student2);
classes.setStudents(students);
//可以正确保存,只设置 inverse = "true"
//只发出Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name, id) values (?, ?)
session.save(classes);
/* 设置inverse = "true" cascade = "all"
* Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, classesid, id) values (?, ?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, classesid, id) values (?, ?, ?)
*/
/*只设置cascade = "all"
* Hibernate: insert into t_classes (name, id) values (?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, classesid, id) values (?, ?, ?)
* Hibernate: insert into t_student (name, classesid, id) values (?, ?, ?)
* Hibernate: update t_student set classesid=? where id=?
* Hibernate: update t_student set classesid=? where id=?
*/
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testLoad1() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Classes classes = (Classes) session.load(Classes.class, 3);// get、load根据主键加载
System.out.println("classes.name=" + classes.getName());
Set<Student> students = classes.getStudents(); // 加载班级学生的集合
for (Iterator<Student> iter = students.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
Student student = iter.next();
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
}
session.getTransaction().commit();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
} finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
public void testLoad2() {
Session session = null;
try {
session = HibernateUtils.getSession();
session.beginTransaction();
Student student = (Student)session.load(Student.class, 1);// 加载学生
System.out.println("student.name=" + student.getName());
System.out.println("student.classes.name=" + student.getClasses().getName());
//根据多对一关系加载多的一端
session.getTransaction().commit();
}catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
session.getTransaction().rollback();
}finally {
HibernateUtils.closeSession(session);
}
}
}