rspec 范例

 原帖:http://elite28.github.com/2010/09/05/rspec%E6%A0%B7%E4%BE%8B.html

下面是一个ruby代码使用rspec进行行为驱动开发的样例:

mkdir rspec_tutorial cd rspec_tutorial mate .

新建一个测试驱动文件

touch user_spec.rb

编辑内容:

describe User do end     

这段测试代码的意思是,描述用户行为 在终端运行

spec user_spec.rb

这样会发生一个错误

./user_spec.rb:1: uninitialized constant User (NameError)

这个错误提示的意思是说没有初始化user对象,原因是我们还没有User类,所以现在要创建一个User类: 新建一个user.rb文件,内容:

class User end

并且得包含到测试文件中(user_spec.rb)

require 'user' describe User do end

这次我们运行命令:

$ spec user_spec.rb . Finished in 0.010015 seconds 0 examples, 0 failures

这个输出告诉我们,现在还没有样例,所以我们可以这样在测试文件中定义:(user_spec.rb)

describe User do   it "should be in any roles assigned to it" do   end end

it方法会返回一个example实例,因此it可以理解成“用户行为的一个样例” 这次我们在执行spec命令的时候加-f 参数,让结果按照某种格式来输出:

spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc     User - should be in any roles assigned to it Finished in 0.022585 seconds 1 example, 0 failures

现在已经有了example了,然后是添加行为(user_spec.rb)

require 'user' describe User do   it "should be in any roles assigned to it" do     user.should be_in_role("assigned role")   end end

加入的这行代码的意思是user应该能够胜任所有分配给他的角色。运行测试: $ spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc

User - should be in any roles assigned to it (FAILED - 1) 1) NameError in 'User should be in any roles assigned to it' undefined local variable or method `user' for #<Spec::Example::ExampleGroup::Subclass_1:0x101547c28> ./user_spec.rb:4: Finished in 0.008971 seconds 1 example, 1 failure

又出错了,是的,但在继续之前,让我们先仔细看看这段出错信息:

  • “ERROR -1)”告诉我们”should be in any roles assigned to it”这个样例出错了 * “1)”则为我们详细描述了这个错误,当样例很多时,你就会发现这个编号非常有用

还有一点需要注意:这段信息没有给出RSpec代码的backtrace,如果你需要它,可以通过–b选项来获取。

下面我们得在user_spec.rb中新建一个User对象:

require 'user' describe User do   it "should be in any roles assigned to it" do     user = User.new     user.should be_in_role("assigned role")   end end

再次执行测试: $ spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc

User - should be in any roles assigned to it (FAILED - 1) 1) NoMethodError in 'User should be in any roles assigned to it' undefined method `in_role?' for #<User:0x101547778> ./user_spec.rb:5: Finished in 0.008906 seconds 1 example, 1 failure

这次是因为User对象没有role_in?方法,修改user.rb:

class User   def in_role?(role)   end end

再次执行测试: $ spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc

User - should be in any roles assigned to it (FAILED - 1) 1) 'User should be in any roles assigned to it' FAILED expected in_role?("assigned role") to return true, got nil ./user_spec.rb:5: Finished in 0.008822 seconds 1 example, 1 failure

这段代码意思是调用in_role?方法返回nil,而不是true.所以通过测试很简单,直接在方法里面返回true即可:

class User   def in_role?(role)     true   end end

执行测试:

$ spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc User - should be in any roles assigned to it Finished in 0.008493 seconds 1 example, 0 failures

但是到目前为止,我们在测试代码中还没分配给user对象角色,就对他进行了判断,所以应该在测试中加入(user_spec.rb):

require 'user' describe User do   it "should be in any roles assigned to it" do     user = User.new     user.assign_role("assigned role")     user.should be_in_role("assigned role")   end end

再次执行测试代码不出意外会有下面的提示:

1) NoMethodError in 'User should be in any roles assigned to it' undefined method `assign_role' for #<User:0x101547408> ./user_spec.rb:5:

user.rb中没有assign_role的方法,所以添加一个(user.rb):

class User   def assign_role(role)   end   def in_role?(role)     true   end end

这次再执行测试,就可以通过了。 但是,现在,我们只是解决了“用户必须接受所有分配给他的角色”,但是还有一个问题就是”用户不应该接受没有分配给他的角色“。所以我们需要为用户行为再增加一个样例:

require 'user' describe User do   it "should be in any roles assigned to it" do     user = User.new     user.assign_role("assigned role")     user.should be_in_role("assigned role")   end   it "不该属于没有分配给他的角色" do     user = User.new     user.should_not be_in_role("unassigned role")   end end

执行测试:

$ spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc User - should be in any roles assigned to it - 不该属于没有分配给他的角色 (FAILED - 1) 1) 'User 不该属于没有分配给他的角色' FAILED expected in_role?("unassigned role") to return false, got true ./user_spec.rb:11: Finished in 0.009124 seconds 2 examples, 1 failure

失败,用户接受了没有分配给他的角色,这时,我们需要对User.rb代码进行改动:

class User   def assign_role(role)   end   def in_role?(role)     role == "assigned role"   end end

再次执行代码,没错了。 但是user.rb中有些重复,都是用了assigned role,因此要对user.rb的代码进行重构:

class User   def assign_role(role)     @role = role   end   def in_role?(role)     role == @role   end end

再来测试一下:

$ spec user_spec.rb -f specdoc User - should be in any roles assigned to it - 不该属于没有分配给他的角色 Finished in 0.008864 seconds 2 examples, 0 failures

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