什么是Spring Data Mongo
Spring Data MongoDB项目对访问MongoDB的Java客户端API进行了封装,这种封装类似于Spring封装Hibernate和JDBC而提供的HibernateTemplate和JDBCTemplate,主要能力包括
1. 封装客户端跟MongoDB的链接管理
2. 文档-对象映射,通过注解:@Document(collection="collectionName")
3.对模版式的代码,进行了封装,类似于JDBCTemplate和HibernateTemplate
Spring Data Mongo在Spring中的基本配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mongo="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/mongo/spring-mongo-1.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <mongo:mongo replica-set="localhost:27018,localhost:27017,localhost:27019"> <mongo:options connections-per-host="200" threads-allowed-to-block-for-connection-multiplier="100" connect-timeout="1000" max-wait-time="1500" auto-connect-retry="true" socket-keep-alive="true" socket-timeout="1500" slave-ok="true" write-number="1" write-timeout="0" write-fsync="true"/> </mongo:mongo> <mongo:db-factory dbname="foolbar" username="" password="" mongo-ref="mongo"/> <bean id="mongoTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate"> <constructor-arg name="mongoDbFactory" ref="mongoDbFactory"/> </bean> </beans>
说明:
1.其中的mongoTemplate是客户端操作MongoDB的主要类,它包含了增删改查功能以及其它一些操作,这些操作在以后的篇幅中会讲到
2.replica-set是副本集集群的MongoDB服务器的链接地址,以逗号分开,如果仅有一台服务器,使用host="localhost:27017”或者replica-set="localhost:27017"都可以,
3.mongo:options定义了链接属性和读写相关属性,以后再来完善这部分
Document和Collection注解
package com.tom.user.model; import org.bson.types.ObjectId; import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document; @Document(collection = "users") public class User { @Id private ObjectId userId; private String name; private String passwd; public ObjectId getUserId() { return userId; } public void setUserId(ObjectId userId) { this.userId = userId; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getPasswd() { return passwd; } public void setPasswd(String passwd) { this.passwd = passwd; } }
上面的代码定义了一个类似于Hibernate实体Bean的POJO,在Hibernate它可以和数据库的一个表建立映射关系,但是在MongoDB中,一个集合中的文档的Field是任意的,因此POJO必须映射到文档一级(@Document),同时注解中指明这个文档属于哪个集合(一个文档只能属于一个集合)。当使用MongoDBTemplate对POJO进行操作时,可以根据POJO的类型得到它要往那个集合中写文档
MongoDBTemplate简单CRUD操作
package com.tom.user.storage; import com.tom.user.model.User; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update; import java.util.List; /* http://www.tuicool.com/articles/EFnyye http://www.mkyong.com/mongodb/spring-data-mongodb-hello-world-example/ */ public class UserMongoDBStorageServiceTest2 { private ApplicationContext cxt = null; @Before public void setup() { cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml"); } private void create() { drop(); MongoTemplate template = cxt.getBean("mongoTemplate", MongoTemplate.class); User user = new User(); user.setName("abc"); user.setPasswd("def"); template.insert(user); } public void query() { Query query = new Query(new Criteria("name").is("abc")); MongoTemplate template = cxt.getBean("mongoTemplate", MongoTemplate.class); List<User> users = template.find(query, User.class); Assert.assertEquals(1, users.size()); User user = users.get(0); Assert.assertEquals("abc", user.getName()); Assert.assertEquals("def", user.getPasswd()); } public void update() { Query query = new Query(new Criteria("name").is("abc")); MongoTemplate template = cxt.getBean("mongoTemplate", MongoTemplate.class); List<User> users = template.find(query, User.class); Assert.assertEquals(1, users.size()); User user = users.get(0); user.setPasswd("def-updated"); Update update = new Update(); update.set("passwd",user.getPasswd()); template.updateFirst(query, update, User.class); Assert.assertEquals("abc", user.getName()); } public void queryUpdate() { MongoTemplate template = cxt.getBean("mongoTemplate", MongoTemplate.class); List<User> users = template.findAll(User.class); Assert.assertEquals(1, users.size()); User user = users.get(0); Assert.assertEquals("abc", user.getName()); Assert.assertEquals("def-updated",user.getPasswd()); } public void drop() { MongoTemplate template = cxt.getBean("mongoTemplate", MongoTemplate.class); template.dropCollection(User.class); } @org.junit.Test public void testCRUD() { create(); query(); update(); queryUpdate(); drop(); } }
只对Update操作做下说明:
public void update() { Query query = new Query(new Criteria("name").is("abc")); MongoTemplate template = cxt.getBean("mongoTemplate", MongoTemplate.class); List<User> users = template.find(query, User.class); Assert.assertEquals(1, users.size()); User user = users.get(0); user.setPasswd("def-updated"); Update update = new Update(); update.set("passwd",user.getPasswd()); template.updateFirst(query, update, User.class); Assert.assertEquals("abc", user.getName()); }
User两个字段name和passwd,Update中只通过Update.set方法对passwd进行了更改,那么name这个属性在更新操作完成后是从文档中被删除了还是保留下来了?答案是保留下来了,并且值保持不变,这就为更新操作提供了很大的便利性,要改什么就在Update中指定什么,
Spring Data Mongo连接MongoDB服务器的参数