__author__ = 'chenyang'
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""Web Crawler/Spider
This module implements a web crawler. This is very _basic_ only
and needs to be extended to do anything usefull with the
traversed pages.
"""
import re
import sys
import time
import math
import urllib2
import urlparse
import optparse
from cgi import escape
from traceback import format_exc
from Queue import Queue, Empty as QueueEmpty
from BeautifulSoup import BeautifulSoup
__version__ = "0.2"
__copyright__ = "CopyRight (C) 2008-2011 by James Mills"
__license__ = "MIT"
__author__ = "James Mills"
__author_email__ = "James Mills, James dot Mills st dotred dot com dot au"
USAGE = "%prog [options] <url>"
VERSION = "%prog v" + __version__
AGENT = "%s/%s" % (__name__, __version__)
class Crawler(object):
def __init__(self, root, depth, locked=True):
self.root = root
self.depth = depth
self.locked = locked
self.host = urlparse.urlparse(root)[1]
self.urls = []
self.links = 0
self.followed = 0
def crawl(self):
page = Fetcher(self.root)
page.fetch()
q = Queue()
for url in page.urls:
q.put(url)
followed = [self.root]
n = 0
while True:
try:
url = q.get()
except QueueEmpty:
break
n += 1
if url not in followed:
try:
host = urlparse.urlparse(url)[1]
if self.locked and re.match(".*%s" % self.host, host):
followed.append(url)
self.followed += 1
page = Fetcher(url)
page.fetch()
for i, url in enumerate(page):
if url not in self.urls:
self.links += 1
q.put(url)
self.urls.append(url)
if n > self.depth and self.depth > 0:
break
except Exception, e:
print "ERROR: Can't process url '%s' (%s)" % (url, e)
print format_exc()
class Fetcher(object):
def __init__(self, url):
self.url = url
self.urls = []
def __getitem__(self, x):
return self.urls[x]
def _addHeaders(self, request):
request.add_header("User-Agent", AGENT)
def open(self):
url = self.url
try:
request = urllib2.Request(url)
handle = urllib2.build_opener()
except IOError:
return None
return (request, handle)
def fetch(self):
request, handle = self.open()
self._addHeaders(request)
if handle:
try:
content = unicode(handle.open(request).read(), "utf-8",
errors="replace")
soup = BeautifulSoup(content)
#######BeautifulSoup提供a标签#
tags = soup('a')
except urllib2.HTTPError, error:
if error.code == 404:
print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR: %s -> %s" % (error, error.url)
else:
print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR: %s" % error
tags = []
except urllib2.URLError, error:
print >> sys.stderr, "ERROR: %s" % error
tags = []
for tag in tags:
href = tag.get("href")
if href is not None:
url = urlparse.urljoin(self.url, escape(href))
if url not in self:
self.urls.append(url)
def getLinks(url):
page = Fetcher(url)
page.fetch()
for i, url in enumerate(page):
print "%d. %s" % (i, url)
def parse_options():
"""parse_options() -> opts, args
Parse any command-line options given returning both
the parsed options and arguments.
"""
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage=USAGE, version=VERSION)
parser.add_option("-q", "--quiet",
action="store_true", default=False, dest="quiet",
help="Enable quiet mode")
parser.add_option("-l", "--links",
action="store_true", default=False, dest="links",
help="Get links for specified url only")
parser.add_option("-d", "--depth",
action="store", type="int", default=30, dest="depth",
help="Maximum depth to traverse")
opts, args = parser.parse_args()
if len(args) < 1:
parser.print_help()
raise SystemExit, 1
return opts, args
def main():
opts, args = parse_options()
url = args[0]
if opts.links:
getLinks(url)
raise SystemExit, 0
depth = opts.depth
sTime = time.time()
print "Crawling %s (Max Depth: %d)" % (url, depth)
crawler = Crawler(url, depth)
crawler.crawl()
print "\n".join(crawler.urls)
eTime = time.time()
tTime = eTime - sTime
print "Found: %d" % crawler.links
print "Followed: %d" % crawler.followed
print "Stats: (%d/s after %0.2fs)" % (
int(math.ceil(float(crawler.links) / tTime)), tTime)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Python BeautifulSoup 简单笔记
http://rsj217.diandian.com/post/2012-11-01/40041235132
TK calculation
import Tkinter as tk
calc = tk.Tk()
calc.title("CrappyCalc")
buttons = [
'7', '8', '9', '*', 'C',
'4', '5', '6', '/', 'Neg',
'1', '2', '3', '-', '$',
'0', '.', '=', '+', '@' ]
# set up GUI
row = 1
col = 0
for i in buttons:
button_style = 'raised'
action = lambda x = i: click_event(x)
tk.Button(calc, text = i, width = 4, height = 3, relief = button_style, command = action) \
.grid(row = row, column = col, sticky = 'nesw', )
col += 1
if col > 4:
col = 0
row += 1
display = tk.Entry(calc, width = 40, bg = "white")
display.grid(row = 0, column = 0, columnspan = 5)
def click_event(key):
# = -> calculate results
if key == '=':
# safeguard against integer division
if '/' in display.get() and '.' not in display.get():
display.insert(tk.END, ".0")
# attempt to evaluate results
try:
result = eval(display.get())
display.insert(tk.END, " = " + str(result))
except:
display.insert(tk.END, " Error, use only valid chars")
# C -> clear display
elif key == 'C':
display.delete(0, tk.END)
# $ -> clear display
elif key == '$':
display.delete(0, tk.END)
display.insert(tk.END, "$$$$C.$R.$E.$A.$M.$$$$")
# @ -> clear display
elif key == '@':
display.delete(0, tk.END)
display.insert(tk.END, "wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwebsite")
# neg -> negate term
elif key == 'neg':
if '=' in display.get():
display.delete(0, tk.END)
try:
if display.get()[0] == '-':
display.delete(0)
else:
display.insert(0, '-')
except IndexError:
pass
# clear display and start new input
else:
if '=' in display.get():
display.delete(0, tk.END)
display.insert(tk.END, key)
# RUNTIME
calc.mainloop()